| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WORWorthington Industries, Inc. | 2.7B | 54.51 | 28.39 | -7.4% | 8.46% | 11% | 5.89% | 0.35 |
| MLIMueller Industries, Inc. | 14.52B | 130.76 | 24.58 | 10.19% | 18.1% | 24.2% | 3.9% | 0.01 |
| MECMayville Engineering Company, Inc. | 385.44M | 18.97 | 15.30 | -1.16% | 2.29% | 4.99% | 20.16% | 0.44 |
| GIFIGulf Island Fabrication, Inc. | 191.98M | 12.00 | 13.64 | 5.38% | 5.46% | 9.66% | 6.72% | 0.20 |
| TGTredegar Corporation | 282.16M | 8.11 | -4.31 | 4.31% | -9.14% | -26.61% | 3.96% | 0.43 |
| RYIRyerson Holding Corporation | 960.24M | 29.81 | -114.65 | -9.98% | -0.51% | -2.86% | 10.97% | 1.03 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 3.17B | 2.86B | 3.36B | 4.41B | 4.5B | 3.47B | 5.68B | 6.32B | 5.11B | 4.6B |
| Revenue Growth % | -0.13% | -0.1% | 0.18% | 0.31% | 0.02% | -0.23% | 0.64% | 0.11% | -0.19% | -0.1% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 2.6B | 2.29B | 2.78B | 3.65B | 3.67B | 2.85B | 4.53B | 5.01B | 4.09B | 3.76B |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.82% | 0.8% | 0.83% | 0.83% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.8% | 0.79% | 0.8% | 0.82% |
| Gross Profit | 567.7M | 570.6M | 582.5M | 758.1M | 827.9M | 621.1M | 1.15B | 1.31B | 1.02B | 834.2M |
| Gross Margin % | 0.18% | 0.2% | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.2% | 0.21% | 0.2% | 0.18% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | -0.04% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.3% | 0.09% | -0.25% | 0.85% | 0.14% | -0.22% | -0.18% |
| Operating Expenses | 450.8M | 436.4M | 472.5M | 614.7M | 617.1M | 556.5M | 601.6M | 731.4M | 793.5M | 802.7M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.11% | 0.12% | 0.16% | 0.17% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 450.8M | 436.4M | 472.5M | 614.7M | 620.6M | 537.3M | 698.1M | 722.1M | 777M | 784.5M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.12% | 0.11% | 0.15% | 0.17% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 0 | 0 | -2.3M | 0 | -3.5M | 19.2M | -96.5M | 9.3M | 16.5M | 18.2M |
| Operating Income | 108.6M | 133.2M | 110M | 139.2M | 210.8M | 64.6M | 545.2M | 578.7M | 228.1M | 31.5M |
| Operating Margin % | 0.03% | 0.05% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.05% | 0.02% | 0.1% | 0.09% | 0.04% | 0.01% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 0.26% | 0.23% | -0.17% | 0.27% | 0.51% | -0.69% | 7.44% | 0.06% | -0.61% | -0.86% |
| EBITDA | 152.3M | 175.7M | 157.1M | 192.1M | 269.2M | 118.5M | 601.1M | 637.7M | 290.6M | 109.1M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.06% | 0.03% | 0.11% | 0.1% | 0.06% | 0.02% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 0.15% | 0.15% | -0.11% | 0.22% | 0.4% | -0.56% | 4.07% | 0.06% | -0.54% | -0.62% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 43.7M | 42.5M | 47.1M | 52.9M | 58.4M | 53.9M | 55.9M | 59M | 62.5M | 77.6M |
| EBIT | 98.2M | 133.9M | 107.7M | 215.9M | 192.2M | 70M | 436.6M | 575.1M | 231.1M | 34.8M |
| Net Interest Income | -96.3M | -89.9M | -91M | -99.2M | -93.2M | -76.4M | -51M | -33.2M | -34.7M | -43M |
| Interest Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 96.3M | 89.9M | 91M | 99.2M | 93.2M | 76.4M | 51M | 33.2M | 34.7M | 43M |
| Other Income/Expense | -106.7M | -96M | -84.4M | -22.5M | -95.6M | -154.7M | -156.1M | -55.8M | -34.4M | -38.9M |
| Pretax Income | 1.9M | 26.1M | 16.7M | 116.7M | 115.2M | -90.1M | 389.1M | 522.9M | 193.7M | -7.4M |
| Pretax Margin % | 0% | 0.01% | 0% | 0.03% | 0.03% | -0.03% | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.04% | -0% |
| Income Tax | 3.7M | 7.2M | -1.3M | 10.3M | 32.5M | -24.8M | 93.7M | 131.4M | 47.3M | -100K |
| Effective Tax Rate % | -0.26% | 0.72% | 1.02% | 0.91% | 0.72% | 0.73% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 1.16% |
| Net Income | -500K | 18.7M | 17.1M | 106M | 82.4M | -65.8M | 294.3M | 391M | 145.7M | -8.6M |
| Net Margin % | -0% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.02% | -0.02% | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.03% | -0% |
| Net Income Growth % | 0.98% | 38.4% | -0.09% | 5.2% | -0.22% | -1.8% | 5.47% | 0.33% | -0.63% | -1.06% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -1.8M | 18.9M | 18M | 106.4M | 82.7M | -65.3M | 295.4M | 391.5M | 146.4M | -7.3M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 800K | 1.5M | 2.6M | 2.7M | 6M | 6.3M | 7.4M | 7.9M | 8.6M | 9.2M |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.02 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 2.81 | 2.17 | -1.72 | 7.56 | 10.21 | 4.10 | -0.26 |
| EPS Growth % | 0.98% | 35.62% | -0.15% | 5.11% | -0.23% | -1.79% | 5.4% | 0.35% | -0.6% | -1.06% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.02 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 2.84 | 2.19 | -1.72 | 7.67 | 10.41 | 4.17 | -0.26 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 32.06M | 34.4M | 37.29M | 37.67M | 37.96M | 38.03M | 38.91M | 38.28M | 35.57M | 32.75M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 32.06M | 34.3M | 37.18M | 37.33M | 37.7M | 38.03M | 38.36M | 37.55M | 34.96M | 32.75M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.02% | 0.05% | 0.17% | - |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 958.7M | 997.8M | 1.1B | 1.41B | 1.28B | 1.1B | 1.59B | 1.44B | 1.38B | 1.21B |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 63.2M | 80.7M | 77.4M | 23.2M | 11M | 61.4M | 51.2M | 39.2M | 54.3M | 27.7M |
| Cash Only | 63.2M | 80.7M | 77.4M | 23.2M | 11M | 61.4M | 51.2M | 39.2M | 54.3M | 27.7M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 305.7M | 326M | 376.3M | 521M | 425.1M | 378.9M | 630.8M | 534.8M | 467.7M | 445.4M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 35.23 | 41.61 | 40.82 | 43.14 | 34.47 | 39.89 | 40.57 | 30.87 | 33.42 | 35.35 |
| Inventory | 555.8M | 563.4M | 616.5M | 806.3M | 742.9M | 604.5M | 832.1M | 798.5M | 782.5M | 684.6M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 78.04 | 89.83 | 80.88 | 80.62 | 73.81 | 77.54 | 67.07 | 58.13 | 69.88 | 66.38 |
| Other Current Assets | 1.2M | 1M | 1.1M | 1.1M | 48.8M | 1.1M | 1.2M | 11.9M | 78.9M | 49.9M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 597.5M | 560.9M | 608M | 673.2M | 741.5M | 698.7M | 772.6M | 892.7M | 1.19B | 1.23B |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 400.3M | 388.2M | 422.9M | 489M | 567.9M | 530.1M | 599.4M | 698.9M | 939M | 981.3M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 7.91x | 7.37x | 7.96x | 9.02x | 7.93x | 6.54x | 9.47x | 9.05x | 5.44x | 4.69x |
| Goodwill | 103.2M | 103.2M | 115.3M | 120.3M | 120.3M | 120.3M | 124.1M | 129.2M | 157.8M | 161.8M |
| Intangible Assets | 46.2M | 40.8M | 46.9M | 58.1M | 50.6M | 43.2M | 42.2M | 50.9M | 73.7M | 68.3M |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 1M | 1.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 16M | 4.3M | 4M | 5.8M | 2.7M | 5.1M | 6.9M | 13.7M | 15.7M | 20.5M |
| Total Assets | 1.56B | 1.56B | 1.71B | 2.09B | 2.02B | 1.8B | 2.37B | 2.33B | 2.57B | 2.44B |
| Asset Turnover | 2.04x | 1.83x | 1.97x | 2.11x | 2.23x | 1.92x | 2.40x | 2.71x | 1.99x | 1.89x |
| Asset Growth % | -0.21% | 0% | 0.1% | 0.22% | -0.03% | -0.11% | 0.31% | -0.01% | 0.1% | -0.05% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 315.7M | 332.4M | 402.7M | 569M | 491.9M | 527.6M | 751M | 619.2M | 633.9M | 580.1M |
| Accounts Payable | 206.3M | 230.4M | 275M | 390.2M | 311.5M | 365.1M | 481.2M | 438.4M | 463.4M | 440.8M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 28.97 | 36.74 | 36.08 | 39.02 | 30.95 | 46.83 | 38.78 | 31.92 | 41.38 | 42.74 |
| Short-Term Debt | 22M | 19.2M | 21.3M | 27.3M | 49.2M | 13.8M | 28.8M | 5.8M | 8.2M | 700K |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Current Liabilities | 3.5M | 200K | 10.8M | 84.9M | 7M | 6.6M | 6.1M | 28.4M | 4M | -2M |
| Current Ratio | 3.04x | 3.00x | 2.74x | 2.48x | 2.60x | 2.09x | 2.12x | 2.33x | 2.18x | 2.08x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.28x | 1.31x | 1.21x | 1.07x | 1.09x | 0.95x | 1.01x | 1.04x | 0.95x | 0.90x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 84.3 | 94.71 | 85.62 | 84.74 | 77.33 | 70.6 | 68.85 | 57.09 | 61.91 | 58.99 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 1.38B | 1.28B | 1.32B | 1.44B | 1.35B | 1.13B | 1.07B | 822.1M | 1.02B | 1.03B |
| Long-Term Debt | 1B | 944.3M | 1.02B | 1.13B | 932.6M | 726.2M | 610.5M | 361.2M | 428.3M | 466.7M |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112.8M | 93M | 184.8M | 227.1M | 336.8M | 345.6M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.3M | 65.2M | 58.2M | 94.1M | 0 | 135.5M | 129M |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 368.8M | 331.3M | 292.2M | 315.4M | 240.4M | 252M | 180.6M | 233.8M | 120.6M | 93.6M |
| Total Liabilities | 1.7B | 1.61B | 1.72B | 2.01B | 1.84B | 1.66B | 1.82B | 1.44B | 1.66B | 1.61B |
| Total Debt | 1.03B | 963.5M | 1.05B | 1.15B | 1.12B | 853.7M | 849M | 626.4M | 803.8M | 850.8M |
| Net Debt | 971.3M | 882.8M | 968.3M | 1.13B | 1.1B | 792.3M | 797.8M | 587.2M | 749.5M | 823.1M |
| Debt / Equity | - | - | - | 15.19x | 6.25x | 5.88x | 1.56x | 0.70x | 0.88x | 1.03x |
| Debt / EBITDA | 6.79x | 5.48x | 6.66x | 6.00x | 4.14x | 7.20x | 1.41x | 0.98x | 2.77x | 7.80x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 6.38x | 5.02x | 6.16x | 5.88x | 4.10x | 6.69x | 1.33x | 0.92x | 2.58x | 7.54x |
| Interest Coverage | 1.13x | 1.48x | 1.21x | 1.40x | 2.26x | 0.85x | 10.69x | 17.43x | 6.57x | 0.73x |
| Total Equity | -140.8M | -49.3M | -7.4M | 75.9M | 178.6M | 145.1M | 544.6M | 893M | 914.5M | 824.5M |
| Equity Growth % | -0.12% | 0.65% | 0.85% | 11.26% | 1.35% | -0.19% | 2.75% | 0.64% | 0.02% | -0.1% |
| Book Value per Share | -4.39 | -1.43 | -0.20 | 2.01 | 4.70 | 3.82 | 14.00 | 23.33 | 25.71 | 25.18 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | -141.6M | -50.8M | -10M | 73.2M | 172.6M | 138.8M | 537.2M | 885.1M | 905.9M | 815.3M |
| Common Stock | 300K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K | 400K |
| Retained Earnings | -130.9M | -112.2M | -95.1M | 14.2M | 99.6M | 33.8M | 321.7M | 692.5M | 813.2M | 779.6M |
| Treasury Stock | -6.6M | -6.6M | -6.6M | -6.6M | -6.6M | -6.6M | -8.4M | -61.1M | -179.3M | -234.4M |
| Accumulated OCI | -307M | -307.8M | -286.3M | -315.8M | -302M | -271.9M | -165.1M | -144.4M | -140M | -153.8M |
| Minority Interest | 800K | 1.5M | 2.6M | 2.7M | 6M | 6.3M | 7.4M | 7.9M | 8.6M | 9.2M |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 259.1M | 25.4M | -2.1M | 57.4M | 193.1M | 277.9M | 35M | 501.2M | 365.1M | 204.9M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 0.08% | 0.01% | -0% | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.08% | 0.01% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.04% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 4.53% | -0.9% | -1.08% | 28.33% | 2.36% | 0.44% | -0.87% | 13.32% | -0.27% | -0.44% |
| Net Income | -1.8M | 18.9M | 18M | 106.4M | 82.7M | -65.3M | 295.4M | 391.5M | 146.4M | -7.3M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 43.7M | 42.5M | 47.1M | 52.9M | 58.4M | 53.9M | 55.9M | 59M | 62.5M | 77.6M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 700K | 1.4M | 2.2M | 3.3M | 3.1M | 1.9M | 5.5M | 9.1M | 13.8M | 11.6M |
| Deferred Taxes | 3.2M | 4.7M | -9.2M | 7.8M | 48M | -16.6M | 600K | 7.4M | 16.8M | -9.8M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 22.4M | -2.1M | 4M | -58.2M | -12.6M | 74.7M | 25.5M | -1.4M | -12.6M | 12.4M |
| Working Capital Changes | 190.9M | -40M | -64.2M | -54.8M | 13.5M | 229.3M | -347.9M | 35.6M | 138.2M | 120.4M |
| Change in Receivables | 88M | -22.5M | -44M | -64.8M | 92.5M | 46.7M | -220.5M | 126.7M | 67.9M | 40M |
| Change in Inventory | 178.1M | -6.5M | -42.9M | -21.4M | 65.9M | 138.9M | -227.9M | 39.9M | 28.8M | 119.9M |
| Change in Payables | -12.4M | 20.5M | 58.3M | 58.4M | -78.2M | 25.8M | 123.6M | -72.1M | 24.8M | -5.6M |
| Cash from Investing | -18M | -20.7M | -71.7M | -200.2M | 26.4M | -25.9M | 94.4M | -160M | -262.1M | -142.7M |
| Capital Expenditures | -22.3M | -23M | -25.1M | -38.4M | -45.8M | -26M | -59.3M | -105.1M | -121.9M | -99.6M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 2.7M | 200K | -100K | 7.9M | 1.8M | 100K | 168.2M | 4.1M | -2.4M | -43.1M |
| Cash from Financing | -232.2M | 11.9M | 66.6M | 92.9M | -183.8M | -250.2M | -137.9M | -350.1M | -88.3M | -86.8M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.4M | -19.9M | -24.8M | -24.8M |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | -4.2M | 105M | 55.4M | -1.7M | -1.2M | -16M | 0 | -5.4M | -10.6M | -34.1M |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | 236.8M | 2.4M | -27.2M | 19M | 147.3M | 251.9M | -24.3M | 396.1M | 243.2M | 105.3M |
| FCF Margin % | 0.07% | 0% | -0.01% | 0% | 0.03% | 0.07% | -0% | 0.06% | 0.05% | 0.02% |
| FCF Growth % | 3.5% | -0.99% | -12.33% | 1.7% | 6.75% | 0.71% | -1.1% | 17.3% | -0.39% | -0.57% |
| FCF per Share | 7.39 | 0.07 | -0.73 | 0.50 | 3.88 | 6.62 | -0.62 | 10.35 | 6.84 | 3.22 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -518.20x | 1.36x | -0.12x | 0.54x | 2.34x | -4.22x | 0.12x | 1.28x | 2.51x | -23.83x |
| Interest Paid | 86.7M | 89.2M | 84.9M | 92.8M | 0 | 62M | 51.1M | 38.3M | 29.9M | 40.6M |
| Taxes Paid | 3.2M | 1.8M | 1.7M | 2.1M | 0 | 0 | 70.2M | 176.9M | 6.2M | 10.3M |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | - | - | - | 309.49% | 64.75% | -40.65% | 85.34% | 54.4% | 16.12% | -0.99% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 8.56% | 12.01% | 9.2% | 9.64% | 12.7% | 4.36% | 35.87% | 30.75% | 10.88% | 1.43% |
| Gross Margin | 17.92% | 19.95% | 17.31% | 17.2% | 18.39% | 17.92% | 20.21% | 20.72% | 20% | 18.14% |
| Net Margin | -0.02% | 0.65% | 0.51% | 2.4% | 1.83% | -1.9% | 5.19% | 6.18% | 2.85% | -0.19% |
| Debt / Equity | - | - | - | 15.19x | 6.25x | 5.88x | 1.56x | 0.70x | 0.88x | 1.03x |
| Interest Coverage | 1.13x | 1.48x | 1.21x | 1.40x | 2.26x | 0.85x | 10.69x | 17.43x | 6.57x | 0.73x |
| FCF Conversion | -518.20x | 1.36x | -0.12x | 0.54x | 2.34x | -4.22x | 0.12x | 1.28x | 2.51x | -23.83x |
| Revenue Growth | -12.56% | -9.71% | 17.66% | 31.02% | 2.11% | -22.99% | 63.71% | 11.42% | -19.21% | -9.98% |
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNITED STATES | - | 2.49B | 2.96B | 3.95B | 4.08B | 3.09B | 5.12B | 5.76B | 4.64B | 4.14B |
| UNITED STATES Growth | - | - | 19.17% | 33.35% | 3.20% | -24.21% | 65.83% | 12.52% | -19.47% | -10.80% |
| Non-US | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 558.6M | 466.4M | 457.6M |
| Non-US Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -16.51% | -1.89% |
| Non Us | 397M | 373.8M | 402.3M | 457.9M | 424.8M | 376.9M | 551.6M | - | - | - |
| Non Us Growth | - | -5.84% | 7.62% | 13.82% | -7.23% | -11.28% | 46.35% | - | - | - |
| U S | 2.77B | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| U S Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) reported $4.47B in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 5% decrease from $4.73B in 2011.
Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) saw revenue decline by 10.0% over the past year.
Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) reported a net loss of $22.8M for fiscal year 2024.
Yes, Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) pays a dividend with a yield of 2.54%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) has a return on equity (ROE) of -1.0%. Negative ROE indicates the company is unprofitable.
Ryerson Holding Corporation (RYI) generated $12.3M in free cash flow for fiscal year 2024. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.