| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPMEvolution Petroleum Corporation | 126.27M | 3.64 | 109.64 | -0.04% | 0.27% | 0.34% | 9.04% | 0.52 |
| GFRGreenfire Resources Ltd. | 624.51M | 4.98 | 2.93 | 17.01% | 27.69% | 22.82% | 9.15% | 0.41 |
| IMPPImperial Petroleum Inc. | 140.55M | 3.88 | 2.77 | -19.73% | 29.79% | 8.54% | 2.15% | 0.00 |
| VIVKVivakor, Inc. | 2.23M | 0.01 | -0.01 | 51.4% | -55.68% | -108.78% | 0.70 | |
| SAFXXCF Global, Inc. Class A Common Stock | 29.37M | 0.14 | -0.20 | 6.04% | 18.68% | 0.17 | ||
| CLMTCalumet, Inc. | 1.78B | 20.56 | -7.70 | 0.2% | -0.92% | |||
| NEXTNextDecade Corporation | 1.35B | 5.08 | -21.17 | -9.79% | 2.33 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 4.21B | 3.6B | 3.76B | 3.5B | 3.45B | 2.27B | 3.15B | 4.69B | 4.18B | 4.19B |
| Revenue Growth % | -0.27% | -0.15% | 0.05% | -0.07% | -0.01% | -0.34% | 0.39% | 0.49% | -0.11% | 0% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 3.62B | 3.19B | 3.27B | 3.06B | 3B | 2.17B | 3.01B | 4.33B | 3.73B | 3.96B |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.86% | 0.89% | 0.87% | 0.88% | 0.87% | 0.96% | 0.95% | 0.92% | 0.89% | 0.94% |
| Gross Profit | 594.6M | 408.3M | 498.2M | 436.7M | 451.7M | 99.1M | 142.9M | 351.7M | 451.7M | 230.8M |
| Gross Margin % | 0.14% | 0.11% | 0.13% | 0.12% | 0.13% | 0.04% | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.11% | 0.06% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 0.12% | -0.31% | 0.22% | -0.12% | 0.03% | -0.78% | 0.44% | 1.46% | 0.28% | -0.49% |
| Operating Expenses | 485.8M | 412.3M | 368.9M | 318.6M | 375.4M | 171M | 228.5M | 219.8M | 184.5M | 222.7M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.12% | 0.11% | 0.1% | 0.09% | 0.11% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 457M | 390.5M | 341.5M | 317.9M | 312.7M | 138.9M | 203.9M | 197.3M | 187.9M | 201.2M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.06% | 0.06% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 1.6M | 1.3M | 3.3M | 0 | 62.7M | 32.1M | 24.6M | 22.5M | -3.4M | 21.5M |
| Operating Income | 75M | -39.7M | 158M | 122.9M | 76.3M | -71.9M | -85.6M | 131.9M | 267.2M | 8.1M |
| Operating Margin % | 0.02% | -0.01% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.02% | -0.03% | -0.03% | 0.03% | 0.06% | 0% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 0.6% | -1.53% | 4.98% | -0.22% | -0.38% | -1.94% | -0.19% | 2.54% | 1.03% | -0.97% |
| EBITDA | 220.4M | 145.5M | 337.1M | 253.8M | 186.4M | 33.2M | 39.1M | 230.2M | 414M | 157.1M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.09% | 0.07% | 0.05% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.05% | 0.1% | 0.04% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 0.19% | -0.34% | 1.32% | -0.25% | -0.27% | -0.82% | 0.18% | 4.89% | 0.8% | -0.62% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 145.4M | 185.2M | 179.1M | 130.9M | 110.1M | 105.1M | 124.7M | 98.3M | 146.8M | 149M |
| EBIT | 19.7M | -134.9M | 151.7M | 105.2M | 91.5M | -22M | -109.1M | 6M | 271.4M | 15.5M |
| Net Interest Income | -104.9M | -161.7M | -183.1M | -155.5M | -134.6M | -125.9M | -149.5M | -175.9M | -221.7M | -236.7M |
| Interest Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 104.9M | 161.7M | 183.1M | 155.5M | 134.6M | 125.9M | 149.5M | 175.9M | 221.7M | 236.7M |
| Other Income/Expense | -242.8M | -256.9M | -189.4M | -173.2M | -119.4M | -76M | -173M | -301.8M | -217.5M | -229.3M |
| Pretax Income | -167.8M | -336.3M | -31.4M | -50.3M | -43.1M | -147.9M | -258.6M | -169.9M | 49.7M | -221.2M |
| Pretax Margin % | -0.04% | -0.09% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.07% | -0.08% | -0.04% | 0.01% | -0.05% |
| Income Tax | -28.4M | -7.7M | -100K | 700K | 500K | 1.1M | 1.5M | 3.4M | 1.6M | 800K |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 0.83% | 0.98% | 3.31% | 1.1% | 1.01% | 1.01% | 0.99% | 1.02% | 0.97% | 1% |
| Net Income | -139.4M | -328.6M | -103.8M | -55.1M | -43.6M | -149M | -254.9M | -173.3M | 48.1M | -222M |
| Net Margin % | -0.03% | -0.09% | -0.03% | -0.02% | -0.01% | -0.07% | -0.08% | -0.04% | 0.01% | -0.05% |
| Net Income Growth % | -0.24% | -1.36% | 0.68% | 0.47% | 0.21% | -2.42% | -0.71% | 0.32% | 1.28% | -5.62% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -85.4M | -296.8M | -31.3M | -51M | -43.6M | -149M | -260.1M | -173.3M | 48.1M | -222M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | -31.8M | -9.9M | -4.1M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 27.5M | 15.8M | 13.8M | 12.8M | 12M | 9M | 3.8M | 245.9M | 246.9M | 246.5M |
| EPS (Diluted) | -1.86 | -4.27 | -1.34 | -0.71 | -0.56 | -1.86 | -3.23 | -2.14 | 0.59 | -2.67 |
| EPS Growth % | -0.16% | -1.3% | 0.69% | 0.47% | 0.21% | -2.32% | -0.74% | 0.34% | 1.28% | -5.53% |
| EPS (Basic) | -1.86 | -4.27 | -1.34 | -0.71 | -0.56 | -1.86 | -3.23 | -2.14 | 0.59 | -2.67 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 74.9M | 77.04M | 77.6M | 77.94M | 78.21M | 78.37M | 78.98M | 79.34M | 80.08M | 83.15M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 74.9M | 77.04M | 77.6M | 77.94M | 78.21M | 78.37M | 78.98M | 79.34M | 80.08M | 83.15M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 609M | 640.9M | 1.19B | 670M | 512.1M | 534.9M | 632.6M | 819.6M | 794.7M | 766M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 5.6M | 4.2M | 164.3M | 155.7M | 19.1M | 109.4M | 38.1M | 35.2M | 7.9M | 38.1M |
| Cash Only | 5.6M | 4.2M | 164.3M | 155.7M | 19.1M | 109.4M | 38.1M | 35.2M | 7.9M | 38.1M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 210.7M | 204.9M | 354.1M | 198M | 175M | 152.4M | 216.8M | 244.7M | 286.2M | 241.7M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 18.26 | 20.78 | 34.34 | 20.66 | 18.5 | 24.52 | 25.14 | 19.06 | 24.99 | 21.06 |
| Inventory | 384.4M | 386.2M | 314.4M | 284.1M | 292.6M | 254.9M | 326.6M | 497.7M | 439.4M | 416.3M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 38.78 | 44.17 | 35.14 | 33.88 | 35.59 | 42.89 | 39.67 | 41.91 | 43.01 | 38.38 |
| Other Current Assets | 0 | 85.6M | 350M | 18.3M | 14.4M | 8M | 36.2M | 22.4M | 54.4M | 36.4M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 2.34B | 2.08B | 1.5B | 1.42B | 1.35B | 1.27B | 1.5B | 1.92B | 1.96B | 1.99B |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 1.72B | 1.68B | 1.16B | 1.1B | 1.05B | 992M | 1.1B | 1.59B | 1.62B | 1.68B |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 2.45x | 2.15x | 3.25x | 3.19x | 3.30x | 2.29x | 2.86x | 2.95x | 2.58x | 2.50x |
| Goodwill | 212M | 177.2M | 171.4M | 171.4M | 171.4M | 173M | 173M | 173M | 173M | 173M |
| Intangible Assets | 214.1M | 178.5M | 107.9M | 88M | 90.6M | 71.2M | 52.6M | 38.4M | 28.5M | 22.8M |
| Long-Term Investments | 126M | 10.3M | 35M | 25.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 62.3M | 38M | 23.8M | 34.6M | 36.5M | 37.2M | 169.1M | 122.6M | 134.4M | 118.2M |
| Total Assets | 2.94B | 2.73B | 2.69B | 2.09B | 1.86B | 1.81B | 2.13B | 2.74B | 2.75B | 2.76B |
| Asset Turnover | 1.43x | 1.32x | 1.40x | 1.68x | 1.86x | 1.25x | 1.48x | 1.71x | 1.52x | 1.52x |
| Asset Growth % | -0.06% | -0.07% | -0.01% | -0.22% | -0.11% | -0.03% | 0.18% | 0.29% | 0% | 0% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 626.6M | 498.2M | 925.7M | 415.1M | 565M | 544.5M | 899.8M | 1.35B | 1.11B | 863.6M |
| Accounts Payable | 316.6M | 275.9M | 282.3M | 200.6M | 230.2M | 179.3M | 301M | 442M | 322M | 320.8M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 31.94 | 31.56 | 31.55 | 23.92 | 28 | 30.17 | 36.56 | 37.22 | 31.52 | 29.58 |
| Short-Term Debt | 75.2M | 3.5M | 354.1M | 3.8M | 135.8M | 101.1M | 179.6M | 240.5M | 245M | 66.5M |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1000K | 0 |
| Other Current Liabilities | 153.3M | 207.7M | 184.8M | 139.1M | 70.4M | 162.8M | 231.9M | 469.2M | 142.8M | 276.4M |
| Current Ratio | 0.97x | 1.29x | 1.29x | 1.61x | 0.91x | 0.98x | 0.70x | 0.61x | 0.71x | 0.89x |
| Quick Ratio | 0.36x | 0.51x | 0.95x | 0.93x | 0.39x | 0.51x | 0.34x | 0.24x | 0.32x | 0.40x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 25.09 | 33.39 | 37.93 | 30.62 | 26.09 | 37.25 | 28.25 | 23.75 | 36.48 | 29.86 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 1.71B | 2.01B | 1.64B | 1.61B | 1.27B | 1.39B | 1.61B | 1.68B | 1.88B | 2.36B |
| Long-Term Debt | 1.7B | 1.99B | 1.64B | 1.6B | 1.21B | 1.32B | 1.42B | 1.54B | 1.83B | 2.06B |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35.4M | 47.9M | 96.3M | 39.6M | 40.9M | 184.1M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 2.1M | 2.3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 16M | 12.3M | 5M | 6M | 28.7M | 28.2M | 101.3M | 100.6M | 14.6M | 114M |
| Total Liabilities | 2.34B | 2.51B | 2.57B | 2.02B | 1.84B | 1.94B | 2.51B | 3.03B | 3B | 3.22B |
| Total Debt | 1.77B | 2B | 1.99B | 1.6B | 1.44B | 1.51B | 1.76B | 1.89B | 2.19B | 2.37B |
| Net Debt | 1.77B | 1.99B | 1.83B | 1.45B | 1.42B | 1.4B | 1.72B | 1.85B | 2.18B | 2.34B |
| Debt / Equity | 2.81x | 8.52x | 14.90x | 391.34x | 66.63x | - | - | - | - | - |
| Debt / EBITDA | 8.05x | 13.73x | 5.91x | 6.32x | 7.72x | 45.40x | 44.95x | 8.21x | 5.29x | 15.11x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 8.02x | 13.70x | 5.42x | 5.71x | 7.62x | 42.11x | 43.97x | 8.05x | 5.27x | 14.86x |
| Interest Coverage | 0.71x | -0.25x | 0.86x | 0.79x | 0.57x | -0.57x | -0.57x | 0.75x | 1.21x | 0.03x |
| Total Equity | 631.4M | 234.5M | 133.7M | 4.1M | 21.6M | -128.6M | -385.1M | -287.7M | -244.7M | -466.3M |
| Equity Growth % | -0.25% | -0.63% | -0.43% | -0.97% | 4.27% | -6.95% | -1.99% | 0.25% | 0.15% | -0.91% |
| Book Value per Share | 8.43 | 3.04 | 1.72 | 0.05 | 0.28 | -1.64 | -4.88 | -3.63 | -3.06 | -5.61 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 603.9M | 218.7M | 119.9M | -8.7M | 9.6M | -137.6M | -388.9M | -533.6M | -491.6M | -712.8M |
| Common Stock | 578M | 211.2M | 113.3M | 61.6M | 20.2M | -125.3M | -378.8M | -525.3M | -484.4M | 0 |
| Retained Earnings | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.54B |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | -1.6M | -8.3M | -7.2M | -8.7M | -10.6M | -12.3M | -10.1M | -8.3M | -7.2M | 800K |
| Minority Interest | 27.5M | 15.8M | 13.8M | 12.8M | 12M | 9M | 3.8M | 245.9M | 246.9M | 246.5M |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 376.4M | 4.1M | -26.5M | 75.2M | 191.9M | 62.8M | -44M | 100.6M | -14.9M | -46.4M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 0.09% | 0% | -0.01% | 0.02% | 0.06% | 0.03% | -0.01% | 0.02% | -0% | -0.01% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 0.66% | -0.99% | -7.46% | 3.84% | 1.55% | -0.67% | -1.7% | 3.29% | -1.15% | -2.11% |
| Net Income | -139.4M | -328.6M | -31.3M | -51M | -43.6M | -149M | -260.1M | -169.8M | 48.1M | -222M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 145.4M | 171.1M | 154.8M | 118.1M | 110.1M | 105.1M | 107.7M | 121.4M | 146.8M | 149M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 9.8M | 5.6M | 11.6M | -1.2M | 5.9M | 5.5M | 50.7M | 0 | 14.7M | 14.6M |
| Deferred Taxes | -28.5M | -700K | -55.5M | 26.6M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 251.9M | 148.9M | -400K | 30.2M | 40.6M | 139.5M | 102.8M | 338.5M | -199.4M | 1.8M |
| Working Capital Changes | 137.2M | 7.8M | -105.7M | -47.5M | 78.9M | -38.3M | -45.1M | -189.5M | -25.1M | 10.2M |
| Change in Receivables | 138M | -28.4M | -158.9M | 109.8M | -37M | 25.5M | -91.4M | -14.1M | -19.2M | 8M |
| Change in Inventory | 47.3M | 49.6M | -8.5M | -300K | 16.3M | 14M | -27M | -190.5M | 25.1M | 16.1M |
| Change in Payables | -119.9M | 21.4M | 70.6M | -78.2M | 71.3M | -38.1M | 71M | 56.9M | -12.4M | 1.7M |
| Cash from Investing | -389M | -154.2M | 453.4M | 8.3M | 14.5M | -46.3M | -82.8M | -286M | -271.8M | -76.7M |
| Capital Expenditures | -339.3M | -139.4M | -70M | -49.8M | -54.9M | -44M | -82.9M | -536.2M | -271.8M | -76.7M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.08% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.11% | 0.07% | 0.02% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 8.4M | 47.6M | 38.9M | 7.2M | 9.3M | 1M | 100K | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | 9.7M | 148.7M | 83.2M | -442.1M | -343M | 73.8M | 139.3M | 98.7M | 266.2M | 154.3M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | -224.6M | -52.1M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | -4.6M | -8M | 95.7M | -40.3M | 6.4M | -33.7M | 97.9M | 357.3M | 17.5M | 56.6M |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | 37.1M | -135.3M | -96.5M | 25.4M | 137M | 18.8M | -126.9M | -435.6M | -286.7M | -123.1M |
| FCF Margin % | 0.01% | -0.04% | -0.03% | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.01% | -0.04% | -0.09% | -0.07% | -0.03% |
| FCF Growth % | 1.59% | -4.65% | 0.29% | 1.26% | 4.39% | -0.86% | -7.75% | -2.43% | 0.34% | 0.57% |
| FCF per Share | 0.50 | -1.76 | -1.24 | 0.33 | 1.75 | 0.24 | -1.61 | -5.49 | -3.58 | -1.48 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -2.70x | -0.01x | 0.26x | -1.36x | -4.40x | -0.42x | 0.17x | -0.58x | -0.31x | 0.21x |
| Interest Paid | 120.6M | 130.2M | 163.7M | 170.8M | 128M | 120.2M | 142.9M | 0 | 201.9M | 232M |
| Taxes Paid | 1.1M | 1.2M | 400K | 400K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -18.94% | -75.9% | -56.38% | -79.97% | -339.3% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 2.27% | -1.29% | 5.66% | 5.4% | 3.95% | -3.98% | -4.93% | 6.82% | 11.44% | 0.32% |
| Gross Margin | 14.11% | 11.34% | 13.24% | 12.49% | 13.08% | 4.37% | 4.54% | 7.5% | 10.8% | 5.51% |
| Net Margin | -3.31% | -9.13% | -2.76% | -1.58% | -1.26% | -6.57% | -8.1% | -3.7% | 1.15% | -5.3% |
| Debt / Equity | 2.81x | 8.52x | 14.90x | 391.34x | 66.63x | - | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Coverage | 0.71x | -0.25x | 0.86x | 0.79x | 0.57x | -0.57x | -0.57x | 0.75x | 1.21x | 0.03x |
| FCF Conversion | -2.70x | -0.01x | 0.26x | -1.36x | -4.40x | -0.42x | 0.17x | -0.58x | -0.31x | 0.21x |
| Revenue Growth | -27.25% | -14.56% | 4.57% | -7.08% | -1.28% | -34.3% | 38.79% | 48.87% | -10.78% | 0.2% |
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialty Products and Solutions | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.13B | 3.53B | 2.89B | 2.81B |
| Specialty Products and Solutions Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 66.05% | -18.08% | -2.82% |
| Montana/Renewables | - | - | - | - | - | - | 783.7M | 875.3M | 993.8M | 1.06B |
| Montana/Renewables Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.69% | 13.54% | 7.15% |
| Performance Brands | - | - | - | - | - | - | 252.9M | 303.4M | 310.6M | 335.6M |
| Performance Brands Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.97% | 2.37% | 8.05% |
| Fuel Product | 2.56B | 117.5M | 135M | 2.12B | 2.1B | 1.14B | - | - | - | - |
| Fuel Product Growth | - | -95.41% | 14.89% | 1466.74% | -0.78% | -45.49% | - | - | - | - |
| Specialty Product | 1.37B | 128.7M | 117.2M | 1.38B | 1.35B | 1.12B | - | - | - | - |
| Specialty Product Growth | - | -90.59% | -8.94% | 1079.52% | -2.05% | -16.97% | - | - | - | - |
| Oilfield Services | 282.5M | 125.1M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oilfield Services Growth | - | -55.72% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Calumet, Inc. (CLMT) reported $4.05B in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 29% increase from $3.13B in 2011.
Calumet, Inc. (CLMT) grew revenue by 0.2% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Calumet, Inc. (CLMT) reported a net loss of $37.2M for fiscal year 2024.
Calumet, Inc. (CLMT) had negative free cash flow of $75.6M in fiscal year 2024, likely due to heavy capital investments.