| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLHClean Harbors, Inc. | 14.27B | 267.00 | 35.98 | 8.89% | 6.51% | 13.99% | 2.42% | 1.18 |
| PESIPerma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. | 271.1M | 14.64 | -11.01 | -34.12% | -19.14% | -20.98% | 0.08 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 62.38M | 51.22M | 49.77M | 49.54M | 73.46M | 105.43M | 72.19M | 70.6M | 89.73M | 59.12M |
| Revenue Growth % | 0.09% | -0.18% | -0.03% | -0% | 0.48% | 0.44% | -0.32% | -0.02% | 0.27% | -0.34% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 48.03M | 44.13M | 41.15M | 41.08M | 57.55M | 89.53M | 65.37M | 60.99M | 73.37M | 59.12M |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.77% | 0.86% | 0.83% | 0.83% | 0.78% | 0.85% | 0.91% | 0.86% | 0.82% | 1% |
| Gross Profit | 14.35M | 7.08M | 8.62M | 8.46M | 15.91M | 15.89M | 6.82M | 9.61M | 16.37M | 2K |
| Gross Margin % | 0.23% | 0.14% | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.22% | 0.15% | 0.09% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 0.21% | -0.51% | 0.22% | -0.02% | 0.88% | -0% | -0.57% | 0.41% | 0.7% | -1% |
| Operating Expenses | 13.3M | 12.77M | 12.7M | 12.11M | 12.95M | 12.56M | 13.59M | 15.01M | 15.61M | 15.68M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.21% | 0.25% | 0.26% | 0.24% | 0.18% | 0.12% | 0.19% | 0.21% | 0.17% | 0.27% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 11M | 10.72M | 11.1M | 10.74M | 0 | 0 | 12.85M | 14.65M | 14.97M | 14.49M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.18% | 0.21% | 0.22% | 0.22% | - | - | 0.18% | 0.21% | 0.17% | 0.25% |
| Research & Development | 2.3M | 2.05M | 1.59M | 1.37M | 750K | 762K | 746K | 336K | 561K | 1.17M |
| R&D % of Revenue | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0% | 0.01% | 0.02% |
| Other Operating Expenses | 21K | 22K | 123K | -8K | 12.2M | 11.8M | 2K | 18K | 77K | 21K |
| Operating Income | 1.13M | -15.79M | -4.74M | -3.6M | 2.97M | 3.33M | -6.77M | -5.4M | 756K | -15.68M |
| Operating Margin % | 0.02% | -0.31% | -0.1% | -0.07% | 0.04% | 0.03% | -0.09% | -0.08% | 0.01% | -0.27% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 1.66% | -14.94% | 0.7% | 0.24% | 1.82% | 0.12% | -3.03% | 0.2% | 1.14% | -21.74% |
| EBITDA | 4.85M | -11.63M | -933K | -2.15M | 4.31M | 4.92M | -5.08M | -3.29M | 3.32M | -13.92M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.08% | -0.23% | -0.02% | -0.04% | 0.06% | 0.05% | -0.07% | -0.05% | 0.04% | -0.24% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 0.92% | -3.4% | 0.92% | -1.3% | 3.01% | 0.14% | -2.03% | 0.35% | 2.01% | -5.19% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 3.72M | 4.17M | 3.8M | 1.46M | 1.34M | 1.6M | 1.69M | 2.11M | 2.57M | 1.76M |
| EBIT | 969K | -15.77M | -4.54M | -1.76M | 3.3M | 3.36M | -2.55M | -3.41M | 1.26M | -14.66M |
| Net Interest Income | -664K | -487K | -210K | 6K | -303K | -552K | -221K | -76K | 190K | 382K |
| Interest Income | 53K | 0 | 0 | 295K | 337K | 140K | 26K | 99K | 606K | 921K |
| Interest Expense | 717K | 487K | 210K | 289K | 640K | 692K | 247K | 175K | 416K | 539K |
| Other Income/Expense | -653K | -465K | -87K | 1.59M | -80K | -368K | 3.97M | 1.81M | 179K | 548K |
| Pretax Income | 480K | -16.26M | -4.82M | -2.01M | 2.89M | 2.96M | -2.8M | -3.59M | 935K | -15.13M |
| Pretax Margin % | 0.01% | -0.32% | -0.1% | -0.04% | 0.04% | 0.03% | -0.04% | -0.05% | 0.01% | -0.26% |
| Income Tax | 543K | -2.99M | -1.28M | -936K | 157K | -189K | -3.89M | -378K | 17K | 4.43M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | -2.19% | 0.82% | 0.76% | 0.71% | 0.8% | 0.97% | -0.3% | 1.06% | 0.52% | 1.32% |
| Net Income | -1.05M | -13.4M | -3.68M | -1.42M | 2.31M | 2.86M | 835K | -3.82M | 485K | -19.98M |
| Net Margin % | -0.02% | -0.26% | -0.07% | -0.03% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.01% | -0.05% | 0.01% | -0.34% |
| Net Income Growth % | 0.14% | -11.77% | 0.73% | 0.61% | 2.63% | 0.24% | -0.71% | -5.57% | 1.13% | -42.19% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -63K | -13.26M | -3.54M | -1.07M | 2.73M | 3.15M | 1.09M | -3.21M | 918K | -19.57M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -541K | -412K | -421K | -605K | -433K | -410K |
| Minority Interest | -137K | -725K | -1.18M | -1.5M | -1.62M | -1.74M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.09 | -1.15 | -0.31 | -0.12 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.07 | -0.29 | 0.04 | -1.33 |
| EPS Growth % | 0.17% | -11.65% | 0.73% | 0.61% | 2.58% | 0.21% | -0.7% | -5.14% | 1.12% | -38.68% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.09 | -1.15 | -0.31 | -0.12 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.07 | -0.29 | 0.04 | -1.33 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 11.55M | 11.61M | 11.71M | 11.86M | 12.06M | 12.35M | 12.67M | 13.28M | 13.74M | 15.07M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 11.52M | 11.61M | 11.71M | 11.86M | 12.05M | 12.14M | 12.43M | 13.28M | 13.51M | 15.07M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 20.12M | 14.61M | 17.31M | 14.76M | 25.13M | 36.63M | 29.97M | 23.53M | 30.56M | 50.22M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 1.44M | 163K | 1.06M | 810K | 390K | 7.92M | 4.44M | 1.87M | 7.5M | 28.98M |
| Cash Only | 1.44M | 163K | 1.06M | 810K | 390K | 7.92M | 4.44M | 1.87M | 7.5M | 28.98M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 14.24M | 11.63M | 12.49M | 10.84M | 21.16M | 24.11M | 20.37M | 15.43M | 18.15M | 16.57M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 83.33 | 82.89 | 91.58 | 79.87 | 105.15 | 83.48 | 102.98 | 79.75 | 73.84 | 102.3 |
| Inventory | 377K | 370K | 393K | 449K | 487K | 610K | 680K | 814K | 1.16M | 1.35M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 2.86 | 3.06 | 3.49 | 3.99 | 3.09 | 2.49 | 3.8 | 4.87 | 5.75 | 8.34 |
| Other Current Assets | 133K | 85K | 89K | 107K | 104K | 22K | 15K | 5.42M | 3.75M | 3.33M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 62.8M | 50.73M | 42.23M | 42.68M | 41.39M | 42.28M | 47.33M | 47.37M | 48.19M | 47.02M |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 19.99M | 17.11M | 14.87M | 15.74M | 19.12M | 20.07M | 21.07M | 20.93M | 21M | 22.83M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 3.12x | 2.99x | 3.35x | 3.15x | 3.84x | 5.25x | 3.43x | 3.37x | 4.27x | 2.59x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intangible Assets | 18.83M | 10.2M | 9.91M | 9.72M | 9.86M | 9.8M | 10.37M | 10.24M | 10.37M | 10.92M |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 2.6M | 1.93M | 1.77M | 17.22M | 12.41M | 12.42M | 12.36M | 12.09M | 12.53M | 13.27M |
| Total Assets | 82.91M | 65.33M | 59.54M | 57.44M | 66.52M | 78.92M | 77.3M | 70.9M | 78.75M | 97.25M |
| Asset Turnover | 0.75x | 0.78x | 0.84x | 0.86x | 1.10x | 1.34x | 0.93x | 1.00x | 1.14x | 0.61x |
| Asset Growth % | -0.06% | -0.21% | -0.09% | -0.04% | 0.16% | 0.19% | -0.02% | -0.08% | 0.11% | 0.23% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 17.15M | 16.74M | 19.58M | 21.51M | 25.1M | 32.96M | 25.91M | 22.71M | 25.95M | 21.94M |
| Accounts Payable | 6.11M | 4.24M | 3.54M | 5.5M | 9.28M | 15.38M | 11.97M | 10.32M | 9.58M | 6.37M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 46.42 | 35.1 | 31.37 | 48.84 | 58.84 | 62.71 | 66.87 | 61.79 | 47.67 | 39.35 |
| Short-Term Debt | 2.43M | 1.18M | 1.18M | 1.18M | 1.3M | 3.6M | 393K | 476K | 773K | 550K |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Other Current Liabilities | 2.96M | 5.66M | 7.16M | 4.42M | 994K | 898K | 506K | 362K | 3.51M | 244K |
| Current Ratio | 1.17x | 0.87x | 0.88x | 0.69x | 1.00x | 1.11x | 1.16x | 1.04x | 1.18x | 2.29x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.15x | 0.85x | 0.86x | 0.67x | 0.98x | 1.09x | 1.13x | 1.00x | 1.13x | 2.23x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 39.77 | 50.85 | 63.69 | 35.01 | 49.4 | 23.26 | 39.91 | 22.83 | 31.92 | 71.29 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 21.35M | 17.73M | 12.8M | 9.8M | 12.18M | 13.51M | 10.8M | 10.66M | 13.43M | 12.92M |
| Long-Term Debt | 7.41M | 7.65M | 2.66M | 2.12M | 2.58M | 3.13M | 600K | 563K | 1.98M | 1.76M |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 268K | 2.81M | 2.73M | 2.91M | 1.9M | 2.45M | 1.92M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 5.42M | 2.36M | 1.69M | 586K | 590K | 471K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 8.52M | 7.71M | 8.44M | 6.83M | 6.2M | 7.17M | 7.29M | 8.19M | 9M | 9.23M |
| Total Liabilities | 38.5M | 34.46M | 32.38M | 31.31M | 37.28M | 46.47M | 36.72M | 33.37M | 39.37M | 34.86M |
| Total Debt | 9.84M | 8.83M | 3.85M | 3.75M | 7.4M | 10.26M | 4.64M | 3.51M | 5.87M | 4.86M |
| Net Debt | 8.4M | 8.67M | 2.78M | 2.49M | 7.01M | 2.33M | 205K | 1.65M | -1.64M | -24.11M |
| Debt / Equity | 0.22x | 0.29x | 0.14x | 0.14x | 0.25x | 0.32x | 0.11x | 0.09x | 0.15x | 0.08x |
| Debt / EBITDA | 2.03x | - | - | - | 1.72x | 2.08x | - | - | 1.76x | - |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 1.73x | - | - | - | 1.63x | 0.47x | - | - | -0.49x | - |
| Interest Coverage | 1.58x | -32.43x | -22.55x | -12.47x | 4.64x | 4.81x | -27.40x | -30.84x | 1.82x | -29.09x |
| Total Equity | 44.42M | 30.87M | 27.16M | 26.13M | 29.24M | 32.45M | 40.58M | 37.53M | 39.38M | 62.39M |
| Equity Growth % | -0.01% | -0.3% | -0.12% | -0.04% | 0.12% | 0.11% | 0.25% | -0.08% | 0.05% | 0.58% |
| Book Value per Share | 3.84 | 2.66 | 2.32 | 2.20 | 2.42 | 2.63 | 3.20 | 2.83 | 2.87 | 4.14 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 44.55M | 31.6M | 28.34M | 27.63M | 30.86M | 34.19M | 40.58M | 37.53M | 39.38M | 62.39M |
| Common Stock | 11K | 11K | 12K | 12K | 12K | 12K | 13K | 13K | 14K | 18K |
| Retained Earnings | -60.81M | -74.21M | -77.89M | -79.63M | -77.31M | -74.45M | -73.62M | -77.44M | -76.95M | -96.93M |
| Treasury Stock | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K | -88K |
| Accumulated OCI | -117K | -162K | -112K | -214K | -211K | -207K | -28K | -165K | -100K | -200K |
| Minority Interest | -137K | -725K | -1.18M | -1.5M | -1.62M | -1.74M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | -1.16M | 104K | 442K | 1.96M | -4.68M | 7.37M | -6.84M | -553K | 6.47M | -14.74M |
| Operating CF Margin % | -0.02% | 0% | 0.01% | 0.04% | -0.06% | 0.07% | -0.09% | -0.01% | 0.07% | -0.25% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 0.19% | 1.09% | 3.25% | 3.43% | -3.39% | 2.57% | -1.93% | 0.92% | 12.7% | -3.28% |
| Net Income | -63K | -13.26M | -3.54M | -1.07M | 2.73M | 3.15M | 1.09M | -3.21M | 918K | -19.57M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 3.72M | 4.17M | 3.8M | 1.46M | 1.34M | 1.6M | 1.69M | 2.11M | 2.57M | 1.76M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 92K | 98K | 144K | 198K | 179K | 236K | 250K | 408K | 548K | 656K |
| Deferred Taxes | 418K | -3.06M | -668K | -1.11M | 4K | -119K | -3.86M | -390K | -66K | 4.45M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -3.01M | 9.24M | 736K | -1.97M | 181K | -9K | -4.34M | -178K | 95K | 188K |
| Working Capital Changes | -2.32M | 2.92M | -35K | 4.46M | -9.12M | 2.52M | -1.67M | 709K | 2.41M | -2.23M |
| Change in Receivables | -968K | 1.07M | 515K | 139K | -10.71M | -2.85M | -1.74M | 4.96M | -2.77M | 1.37M |
| Change in Inventory | -782K | 5M | 625K | -765K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | -3.66M | -3.19M | 1.09M | 765K | 664K | 4.22M | -6.55M | -6.27M | 665K | -6.67M |
| Cash from Investing | -492K | -415K | -340K | -1.32M | -1.41M | -1.59M | -1.56M | -997K | -2.04M | -4.13M |
| Capital Expenditures | -623K | -436K | -439K | -1.43M | -1.53M | -1.72M | -1.58M | -1.02M | -1.71M | -3.4M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.06% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 177K | 21K | 99K | 114K | 123K | 122K | 17K | 26K | -324K | -725K |
| Cash from Financing | -530K | -956K | -5.02M | -580K | 992K | 1.89M | 4.94M | -921K | 1.7M | 40.95M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | 0 | 156K | 0 | 36K | 21K | -79K | -48K | -83K | 94K | 219K |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | -1.78M | -332K | 3K | 528K | -6.22M | 5.65M | -8.41M | -1.58M | 4.43M | -18.82M |
| FCF Margin % | -0.03% | -0.01% | 0% | 0.01% | -0.08% | 0.05% | -0.12% | -0.02% | 0.05% | -0.32% |
| FCF Growth % | 0.06% | 0.81% | 1.01% | 175% | -12.78% | 1.91% | -2.49% | 0.81% | 3.81% | -5.25% |
| FCF per Share | -0.15 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | -0.52 | 0.46 | -0.66 | -0.12 | 0.32 | -1.25 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.10x | -0.01x | -0.12x | -1.38x | -2.02x | 2.58x | -8.19x | 0.14x | 13.34x | 0.74x |
| Interest Paid | 903K | 424K | 318K | 248K | 422K | 366K | 230K | 173K | 308K | 478K |
| Taxes Paid | 116K | 41K | 58K | 160K | 245K | 70K | 47K | 6K | 0 | 53K |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -2.35% | -35.61% | -12.68% | -5.33% | 8.36% | 9.27% | 2.29% | -9.77% | 1.26% | -39.26% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 1.61% | -25.65% | -10.22% | -9.16% | 6.82% | 7.03% | -13.44% | -10.12% | 1.47% | -30.94% |
| Gross Margin | 23% | 13.83% | 17.32% | 17.08% | 21.66% | 15.07% | 9.45% | 13.61% | 18.24% | 0% |
| Net Margin | -1.68% | -26.17% | -7.39% | -2.87% | 3.15% | 2.71% | 1.16% | -5.41% | 0.54% | -33.8% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.22x | 0.29x | 0.14x | 0.14x | 0.25x | 0.32x | 0.11x | 0.09x | 0.15x | 0.08x |
| Interest Coverage | 1.58x | -32.43x | -22.55x | -12.47x | 4.64x | 4.81x | -27.40x | -30.84x | 1.82x | -29.09x |
| FCF Conversion | 1.10x | -0.01x | -0.12x | -1.38x | -2.02x | 2.58x | -8.19x | 0.14x | 13.34x | 0.74x |
| Revenue Growth | 9.32% | -17.9% | -2.83% | -0.46% | 48.29% | 43.52% | -31.52% | -2.21% | 27.11% | -34.12% |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Segments Total | - | - | - | - | - | 105.43M | 72.19M | 70.6M | - | 59.12M |
| Segments Total Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | -31.52% | -2.21% | - | - |
| Treatment | 9.31M | 29.79M | 21.43M | 27.59M | 29.7M | 30.14M | 32.99M | 33.36M | 31.45M | 34.95M |
| Treatment Growth | - | 219.97% | -28.04% | 28.73% | 7.64% | 1.49% | 9.45% | 1.11% | -5.73% | 11.15% |
| Services | 963K | 4.99M | 5.92M | 9.06M | 30.29M | 75.28M | 39.2M | 37.24M | 39.19M | 24.16M |
| Services Growth | - | 418.59% | 18.54% | 53.09% | 234.17% | 148.57% | -47.93% | -5.00% | 5.24% | -38.35% |
| USEC | 10.27M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| USEC Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| CH Plateau Remediation Company | 5.76M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| CH Plateau Remediation Company Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Segments Total | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 59.12M |
| Segments Total Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| UNITED STATES | - | - | - | - | - | - | 62.26M | 69.37M | - | - |
| UNITED STATES Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.43% | - | - |
| GERMANY | - | - | - | - | - | - | 567K | 678K | - | - |
| GERMANY Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.58% | - | - |
| CANADA | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.28M | 406K | - | - |
| CANADA Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -95.62% | - | - |
| ITALY | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14K | - | - |
| ITALY Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| United States | - | - | - | - | - | 99.79M | - | - | - | - |
| United States Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Canada | - | - | - | - | - | 5.55M | - | - | - | - |
| Canada Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (PESI) reported $60.7M in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 49% decrease from $118.6M in 2011.
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (PESI) saw revenue decline by 34.1% over the past year.
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (PESI) reported a net loss of $11.6M for fiscal year 2024.
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (PESI) has a return on equity (ROE) of -39.3%. Negative ROE indicates the company is unprofitable.
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (PESI) had negative free cash flow of $15.8M in fiscal year 2024, likely due to heavy capital investments.