RELX Plc (RELX) fundamental analysis — strengths, weaknesses & financial health based on data analysis
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RELX Plc (RELX) stock price & volume — 10-year historical chart
RELX Plc (RELX) revenue, earnings & EPS growth — 3, 5 & 10-year CAGR
RELX Plc (RELX) EPS & revenue vs analyst estimates — last 4 quarters
| Quarter | Date | EPS (Act vs Est) | Revenue (Act vs Est) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2026Latest | Feb 12, 2026 | $0.79vs $0.85-6.7% | $6.6Bvs $6.7B-1.2% |
| Q3 2025 | Jul 24, 2025 | $0.72vs $0.56+28.1% | $6.5Bvs $6.5B+0.1% |
| Q1 2025 | Feb 14, 2025 | $0.64vs $0.80-19.1% | $6.0Bvs $6.5B-7.0% |
| Q4 2024 | Oct 24, 2024 | $0.66vs $0.77-14.5% | $5.9Bvs $6.1B-4.0% |
RELX Plc (RELX) competitors in Education and academic publishers — business model, growth, and fundamentals comparison
RELX Plc (RELX) vs competitors — business, growth, and fundamentals comparison against the closest industry rivals.
RELX Plc (RELX) annual income statement — 10-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Metric | Dec'16 | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sales/Revenue | 6.89B | 7.36B | 7.49B | 7.87B | 7.11B | 7.24B | 8.55B | 9.16B | 9.43B | 18.84B |
Revenue Growth % | 15.47% | 6.67% | 1.86% | 5.1% | -9.7% | 1.88% | 18.07% | 7.11% | 2.98% | 11.45% |
Cost of Goods Sold | 2.49B | 2.63B | 2.64B | 2.75B | 2.49B | 2.56B | 3.04B | 3.22B | 3.3B | 6.66B |
COGS % of Revenue | 36.08% | 35.77% | 35.29% | 34.99% | 34.98% | 35.37% | 35.6% | 35.11% | 34.98% | - |
Gross Profit | 4.41B▲ 0% | 4.72B▲ 7.2% | 4.85B▲ 2.6% | 5.12B▲ 5.6% | 4.62B▼ 9.7% | 4.68B▲ 1.3% | 5.51B▲ 17.6% | 5.95B▲ 7.9% | 6.13B▲ 3.2% | 12.18B▲ 0% |
Gross Margin % | 63.92% | 64.23% | 64.71% | 65.01% | 65.02% | 64.63% | 64.4% | 64.89% | 65.02% | 64.67% |
Gross Profit Growth % | 14.71% | 7.19% | 2.62% | 5.59% | -9.69% | 1.28% | 17.64% | 7.93% | 3.18% | - |
Operating Expenses | 2.74B | 2.86B | 2.92B | 3.06B | 3.11B | 2.83B | 3.2B | 3.26B | 3.27B | 6.45B |
OpEx % of Revenue | 39.68% | 38.83% | 38.92% | 38.85% | 43.78% | 39.03% | 37.46% | 35.62% | 34.69% | - |
Selling, General & Admin | 2.74B | 2.86B | 2.92B | 3.06B | 3.11B | 2.83B | 3.2B | 3.31B | 3.32B | 6.52B |
SG&A % of Revenue | 39.68% | 38.83% | 38.92% | 38.85% | 43.78% | 39.03% | 37.46% | 36.12% | 35.15% | - |
Research & Development | 189M | 203M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 295M | 309M | 330M | 364M | 694M |
R&D % of Revenue | 2.74% | 2.76% | - | - | - | 4.07% | 3.61% | 3.6% | 3.86% | - |
Other Operating Expenses | -40M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -376M | -407M | -3M |
Operating Income | 1.71B▲ 0% | 1.91B▲ 11.5% | 1.96B▲ 3.1% | 2.1B▲ 7.0% | 1.52B▼ 27.4% | 1.88B▲ 23.5% | 2.32B▲ 23.3% | 2.68B▲ 15.5% | 2.86B▲ 6.7% | 5.73B▲ 0% |
Operating Margin % | 24.77% | 25.9% | 26.21% | 26.68% | 21.45% | 26.01% | 27.16% | 29.28% | 30.33% | 30.44% |
Operating Income Growth % | 14.09% | 11.53% | 3.1% | 6.98% | -27.42% | 23.54% | 23.3% | 15.45% | 6.67% | - |
EBITDA | 2.31B | 2.56B | 2.62B | 2.78B | 2.37B | 2.61B | 3.11B | 3.4B | 3.15B | 5.97B |
EBITDA Margin % | 33.46% | 34.82% | 34.9% | 35.36% | 33.31% | 36% | 36.34% | 37.1% | 33.42% | 31.68% |
EBITDA Growth % | 14.38% | 11.01% | 2.11% | 6.46% | -14.94% | 10.14% | 19.17% | 9.36% | -7.24% | -3.13% |
D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 599M | 656M | 651M | 683M | 843M | 724M | 785M | 717M | 292M | 234M |
EBIT | 1.65B | 1.9B | 1.92B | 2.15B | 1.63B | 1.92B | 2.28B | 2.6B | 2.84B | 5.63B |
Net Interest Income | -183M | -191M | -200M | -309M | -159M | -133M | -183M | -293M | -272M | -660M |
Interest Income | 8M | 4M | 6M | 9M | 3M | 8M | 4M | 7M | 9M | 11M |
Interest Expense | 203M | 186M | 217M | 314M | 175M | 150M | 205M | 300M | 281M | 671M |
Other Income/Expense | -235M | -184M | -244M | -254M | -57M | -87M | -229M | -387M | -304M | -749M |
Pretax Income | 1.47B▲ 0% | 1.73B▲ 17.7% | 1.72B▼ 0.8% | 1.85B▲ 7.4% | 1.47B▼ 20.5% | 1.8B▲ 22.4% | 2.09B▲ 16.5% | 2.29B▲ 9.6% | 2.56B▲ 11.4% | 4.98B▲ 0% |
Pretax Margin % | 21.36% | 23.58% | 22.96% | 23.46% | 20.65% | 24.81% | 24.48% | 25.05% | 27.1% | 26.43% |
Income Tax | 304M | 67M | 292M | 338M | 275M | 326M | 481M | 507M | 613M | 1.16B |
Effective Tax Rate % | 20.64% | 3.86% | 16.98% | 18.3% | 18.73% | 18.14% | 22.97% | 22.09% | 23.97% | 23.3% |
Net Income | 1.16B▲ 0% | 1.66B▲ 42.9% | 1.42B▼ 14.3% | 1.5B▲ 5.8% | 1.22B▼ 18.7% | 1.47B▲ 20.2% | 1.63B▲ 11.1% | 1.78B▲ 9.0% | 1.93B▲ 8.6% | 3.82B▲ 0% |
Net Margin % | 16.84% | 22.56% | 18.98% | 19.11% | 17.22% | 20.31% | 19.1% | 19.44% | 20.5% | 20.26% |
Net Income Growth % | 15.18% | 42.89% | -14.29% | 5.84% | -18.67% | 20.18% | 11.08% | 9% | 8.59% | 15.14% |
Net Income (Continuing) | 1.17B | 1.66B | 1.4B | 1.47B | 1.19B | 1.44B | 1.61B | 1.79B | 1.94B | 3.84B |
Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Minority Interest | 38M | 21M | 30M | 24M | 2M | -8M | -22M | -21M | 23M | 14M |
EPS (Diluted) | 0.56▲ 0% | 0.81▲ 44.6% | 0.71▼ 12.3% | 0.77▲ 8.5% | 0.63▼ 18.2% | 0.76▲ 20.6% | 0.85▲ 11.8% | 0.94▲ 10.6% | 1.03▲ 9.6% | 2.07▲ 0% |
EPS Growth % | 21.74% | 44.64% | -12.35% | 8.45% | -18.18% | 20.63% | 11.84% | 10.59% | 9.57% | 18.6% |
EPS (Basic) | 0.56 | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 1.03 | - |
Diluted Shares Outstanding | 2.08B | 2.04B | 1.99B | 1.96B | 1.94B | 1.94B | 1.93B | 1.9B | 1.88B | 1.84B |
Basic Shares Outstanding | 2.06B | 2.02B | 1.98B | 1.94B | 1.93B | 1.93B | 1.92B | 1.9B | 1.88B | 1.87B |
Dividend Payout Ratio | 58.83% | 45.93% | 55.98% | 55.95% | 71.9% | 62.54% | 60.16% | 59.46% | 57.96% | - |
RELX Plc (RELX) balance sheet — assets, liabilities & shareholders' equity
| Metric | Dec'16 | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Current Assets | 2.35B | 2.16B | 2.35B | 2.44B | 2.27B | 2.36B | 3.07B | 2.87B | 3B | 2.73B |
Cash & Short-Term Investments | 162M | 111M | 114M | 138M | 88M | 113M | 334M | 155M | 119M | 211M |
Cash Only | 162M | 111M | 114M | 138M | 88M | 113M | 334M | 155M | 119M | 211M |
Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Accounts Receivable | 2.02B | 1.66B | 1.79B | 2.07B | 1.93B | 1.96B | 2.4B | 2.03B | 2.47B | 2.16B |
Days Sales Outstanding | 106.67 | 82.38 | 87.26 | 95.82 | 98.92 | 98.76 | 102.63 | 80.84 | 95.45 | 44.1 |
Inventory | 209M | 197M | 212M | 217M | 0 | 253M | 309M | 318M | 331M | 307M |
Days Inventory Outstanding | 30.66 | 27.33 | 29.27 | 28.75 | - | 36.04 | 37.04 | 36.09 | 36.61 | 17.58 |
Other Current Assets | 1.98B | 29M | 11M | 51M | 63M | 41M | 36M | 84M | 35M | 59M |
Total Non-Current Assets | 10.97B | 10.12B | 11.65B | 11.34B | 11.87B | 11.5B | 12.76B | 12.04B | 12.14B | 11.59B |
Property, Plant & Equipment | 242M | 209M | 461M | 444M | 378M | 292M | 271M | 212M | 171M | 74M |
Fixed Asset Turnover | 28.49x | 35.19x | 16.25x | 17.73x | 18.81x | 24.81x | 31.56x | 43.21x | 55.17x | 115.39x |
Goodwill | 6.39B | 5.96B | 6.9B | 6.82B | 7.22B | 7.37B | 8.39B | 8.02B | 8.22B | 7.8B |
Intangible Assets | 3.6B | 3.19B | 3.53B | 3.45B | 3.42B | 3.3B | 3.52B | 3.24B | 3.16B | 3.02B |
Long-Term Investments | 288M | 329M | 292M | 340M | 527M | 283M | 302M | 275M | 261M | 997M |
Other Non-Current Assets | 0 | 22M | 6M | 45M | 47M | 46M | 129M | 295M | 325M | 500M |
Total Assets | 13.32B▲ 0% | 12.28B▼ 7.8% | 14B▲ 14.0% | 13.79B▼ 1.5% | 14.14B▲ 2.6% | 13.86B▼ 2.0% | 15.83B▲ 14.2% | 14.92B▼ 5.8% | 15.13B▲ 1.4% | 14.32B▲ 0% |
Asset Turnover | 0.52x | 0.60x | 0.54x | 0.57x | 0.50x | 0.52x | 0.54x | 0.61x | 0.62x | 1.28x |
Asset Growth % | 19.11% | -7.81% | 13.97% | -1.5% | 2.58% | -2.03% | 14.22% | -5.76% | 1.45% | 21.97% |
Total Current Liabilities | 5.31B | 4.53B | 5.33B | 5.95B | 4.37B | 3.75B | 5.19B | 5.49B | 5.72B | 5.77B |
Accounts Payable | 297M | 240M | 187M | 173M | 154M | 109M | 129M | 171M | 223M | 3.69B |
Days Payables Outstanding | 43.57 | 33.3 | 25.82 | 22.92 | 22.6 | 15.53 | 15.46 | 19.41 | 24.67 | 105.41 |
Short-Term Debt | 1.16B | 673M | 1.3B | 1.97B | 755M | 163M | 803M | 1.26B | 1.37B | 1.94B |
Deferred Revenue (Current) | -3.13B | -3B | -3.25B | 2.07B | 1.95B | 1.96B | 2.37B | 0 | 0 | 163M |
Other Current Liabilities | 1.29B | 975M | 2.91B | 830M | 619M | 592M | 817M | 2.99B | 184M | 134M |
Current Ratio | 0.44x | 0.48x | 0.44x | 0.41x | 0.52x | 0.63x | 0.59x | 0.52x | 0.52x | 0.47x |
Quick Ratio | 0.40x | 0.43x | 0.40x | 0.37x | 0.52x | 0.56x | 0.53x | 0.47x | 0.47x | 0.42x |
Cash Conversion Cycle | 93.76 | 76.41 | 90.71 | 101.65 | - | 119.27 | 124.21 | 97.52 | 107.39 | -43.74 |
Total Non-Current Liabilities | 5.66B | 5.38B | 6.32B | 5.65B | 7.67B | 6.89B | 6.89B | 5.99B | 5.91B | 6.36B |
Long-Term Debt | 3.68B | 4.19B | 4.71B | 4.11B | 6.09B | 5.8B | 5.75B | 5.1B | 5.07B | 5.59B |
Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 302M | 268M | 249M | 183M | 139M | 115M | 84M | 65M | 224M |
Deferred Tax Liabilities | 1.14B | 738M | 830M | 593M | 665M | 591M | 590M | 473M | 0 | 1.38B |
Other Non-Current Liabilities | 840M | 426M | 512M | 705M | 729M | 360M | 438M | 331M | 779M | 309M |
Total Liabilities | 10.96B | 9.91B | 11.64B | 11.6B | 12.04B | 10.63B | 12.07B | 11.48B | 11.63B | 12.13B |
Total Debt | 4.84B | 4.89B | 6.37B | 6.41B | 7.12B | 6.17B | 6.73B | 6.5B | 6.54B | 7.54B |
Net Debt | 4.68B | 4.78B | 6.25B | 6.28B | 7.04B | 6.05B | 6.4B | 6.34B | 6.42B | 7.32B |
Debt / Equity | 2.05x | 2.06x | 2.70x | 2.93x | 3.39x | 1.91x | 1.79x | 1.89x | 1.87x | 3.43x |
Debt / EBITDA | 2.10x | 1.91x | 2.43x | 2.30x | 3.01x | 2.36x | 2.17x | 1.91x | 2.08x | 1.26x |
Net Debt / EBITDA | 2.03x | 1.86x | 2.39x | 2.25x | 2.97x | 2.32x | 2.06x | 1.87x | 2.04x | 1.23x |
Interest Coverage | 8.41x | 10.24x | 9.05x | 6.69x | 8.71x | 12.56x | 11.33x | 8.94x | 10.18x | 8.39x |
Total Equity | 2.36B▲ 0% | 2.37B▲ 0.7% | 2.36B▼ 0.6% | 2.19B▼ 7.2% | 2.1B▼ 4.1% | 3.22B▲ 53.5% | 3.75B▲ 16.4% | 3.44B▼ 8.4% | 3.5B▲ 1.9% | 2.19B▲ 0% |
Equity Growth % | 8.26% | 0.68% | -0.63% | -7.16% | -4.06% | 53.45% | 16.44% | -8.39% | 1.89% | -39.57% |
Book Value per Share | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.66 | 1.95 | 1.81 | 1.87 | 1.19 |
Total Shareholders' Equity | 2.32B | 2.35B | 2.33B | 2.17B | 2.1B | 3.23B | 3.78B | 3.46B | 3.48B | 2.18B |
Common Stock | 226M | 224M | 290M | 286M | 286M | 286M | 279M | 275M | 272M | 272M |
Retained Earnings | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.89B |
Treasury Stock | -1.47B | -1.63B | -734M | -834M | -887M | -876M | -414M | -553M | -722M | -1.66B |
Accumulated OCI | 562M | 595M | 1.36B | 1.27B | 1.24B | 2.33B | 2.39B | 0 | 0 | 52M |
Minority Interest | 38M | 21M | 30M | 24M | 2M | -8M | -22M | -21M | 23M | 14M |
RELX Plc (RELX) cash flow — operating, investing & free cash flow history
| Metric | Dec'16 | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cash from Operations | 1.68B | 1.85B | 1.99B | 2.09B | 1.6B | 2.02B | 2.4B | 2.46B | 2.61B | 5.31B |
Operating CF Margin % | 24.39% | 25.13% | 26.49% | 26.53% | 22.45% | 27.83% | 28.07% | 26.82% | 27.64% | - |
Operating CF Growth % | 19.55% | 9.87% | 7.41% | 5.24% | -23.6% | 26.32% | 19.1% | 2.33% | 6.15% | 20.71% |
Net Income | 1.71B | 1.91B | 1.96B | 2.1B | 1.52B | 1.88B | 2.32B | 1.78B | 1.93B | 3.82B |
Depreciation & Amortization | 599M | 585M | 651M | 683M | 843M | 724M | 713M | 717M | 783M | 1.18B |
Stock-Based Compensation | 38M | 39M | 41M | 32M | 25M | 45M | 46M | 56M | 66M | 94M |
Deferred Taxes | -786M | -816M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -904M |
Other Non-Cash Items | 195M | 182M | -602M | -676M | -683M | -489M | -607M | 17M | -29M | 2.21B |
Working Capital Changes | -72M | -47M | -69M | -51M | -114M | -148M | -74M | -114M | -146M | -186M |
Change in Receivables | -146M | 37M | -89M | -116M | 149M | -103M | -251M | -24M | 0 | -24M |
Change in Inventory | -24M | 2M | -7M | -14M | -18M | -13M | -103M | -90M | 0 | -90M |
Change in Payables | 98M | -76M | 27M | 79M | -245M | -32M | 280M | -1M | 0 | -1M |
Cash from Investing | -668M | -422M | -1.27B | -733M | -1.17B | -384M | -859M | -569M | -575M | -1.33B |
Capital Expenditures | -333M | -354M | -362M | -380M | -362M | -337M | -436M | -30M | -20M | -282M |
CapEx % of Revenue | 4.83% | 4.81% | 4.83% | 4.83% | 5.09% | 4.65% | 5.1% | 0.33% | 0.21% | 1.5% |
Acquisitions | -374M | -97M | -930M | -381M | -840M | -64M | -390M | -112M | -170M | -362M |
Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Other Investing | 45M | 39M | -272M | -297M | -288M | -284M | 33M | -419M | -385M | -875M |
Cash from Financing | -1B | -1.47B | -713M | -1.33B | -474M | -1.61B | -1.33B | -2.06B | -2.06B | -3.85B |
Debt Issued (Net) | 47M | 13M | 652M | 0 | 673M | -614M | 261M | -112M | -369M | 794M |
Equity Issued (Net) | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -4M |
Dividends Paid | -683M | -762M | -796M | -842M | -880M | -920M | -983M | -1.06B | -1.12B | -2.27B |
Share Repurchases | -729M | -739M | -743M | -637M | -187M | -1M | -550M | -800M | -1B | -2.33B |
Other Financing | 360M | -56M | 174M | -111M | -80M | -71M | -62M | -77M | 500M | -75M |
Net Change in Cash | 40M▲ 0% | -51M▼ 227.5% | 3M▲ 105.9% | 24M▲ 700.0% | -50M▼ 308.3% | 25M▲ 150.0% | 221M▲ 784.0% | -179M▼ 181.0% | -36M▲ 79.9% | 148M▲ 0% |
Free Cash Flow | 1.35B▲ 0% | 1.49B▲ 10.7% | 1.62B▲ 8.6% | 1.71B▲ 5.3% | 1.23B▼ 27.8% | 1.68B▲ 36.1% | 1.97B▲ 17.0% | 1.98B▲ 0.8% | 2.59B▲ 30.7% | 5.03B▲ 0% |
FCF Margin % | 19.56% | 20.31% | 21.66% | 21.7% | 17.36% | 23.18% | 22.97% | 21.61% | 27.43% | 26.69% |
FCF Growth % | 22.64% | 10.75% | 8.63% | 5.3% | -27.79% | 36.06% | 17.03% | 0.76% | 30.71% | 34.3% |
FCF per Share | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.64 | 0.87 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.38 | 2.73 |
FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.45x | 1.11x | 1.40x | 1.39x | 1.30x | 1.37x | 1.47x | 1.38x | 1.35x | 1.32x |
Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 257M | 275M |
Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300M |
RELX Plc (RELX) financial ratios — P/E, ROE, debt and 30+ core market and balance-sheet ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Return on Equity (ROE) | 51.19% | 70.12% | 60.09% | 66.17% | 57.05% | 55.25% | 46.83% | 49.52% | 55.71% | 173.97% |
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 19.71% | 20.14% | 18.69% | 18.46% | 13% | 15.35% | 17.94% | 20.18% | 21.77% | 43.85% |
Gross Margin | 63.92% | 64.23% | 64.71% | 65.01% | 65.02% | 64.63% | 64.4% | 64.89% | 65.02% | 64.67% |
Net Margin | 16.84% | 22.56% | 18.98% | 19.11% | 17.22% | 20.31% | 19.1% | 19.44% | 20.5% | 20.26% |
Debt / Equity | 2.05x | 2.06x | 2.70x | 2.93x | 3.39x | 1.91x | 1.79x | 1.89x | 1.87x | 3.43x |
Interest Coverage | 8.41x | 10.24x | 9.05x | 6.69x | 8.71x | 12.56x | 11.33x | 8.94x | 10.18x | 8.39x |
FCF Conversion | 1.45x | 1.11x | 1.40x | 1.39x | 1.30x | 1.37x | 1.47x | 1.38x | 1.35x | 1.32x |
Revenue Growth | 15.47% | 6.67% | 1.86% | 5.1% | -9.7% | 1.88% | 18.07% | 7.11% | 2.98% | 11.45% |
RELX Plc (RELX) stock FAQ — growth, dividends, profitability & financials explained
RELX Plc (RELX) reported $18.84B in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 876% increase from $1.93B in 1995.
RELX Plc (RELX) grew revenue by 3.0% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Yes, RELX Plc (RELX) is profitable, generating $3.82B in net income for fiscal year 2024 (20.5% net margin).
Yes, RELX Plc (RELX) pays a dividend with a yield of 2.55%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
RELX Plc (RELX) has a return on equity (ROE) of 55.7%. This is excellent, indicating efficient use of shareholder capital.
RELX Plc (RELX) generated $5.03B in free cash flow for fiscal year 2024. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.