| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPLTexas Pacific Land Corporation | 22.81B | 330.94 | 16.78 | 11.75% | 61.68% | 34.82% | 2.02% | 0.00 |
| BSMBlack Stone Minerals, L.P. | 3B | 14.15 | 12.30 | -12.31% | 67.81% | 24.36% | 12.84% | 0.02 |
| DMLPDorchester Minerals, L.P. | 1.12B | 23.31 | 10.94 | -1.39% | 35.84% | 16.69% | 11.79% | 0.00 |
| NOGNorthern Oil and Gas, Inc. | 2.2B | 22.56 | 4.39 | 13.46% | 8.26% | 8.07% | 1.02 | |
| KRPKimbell Royalty Partners, LP | 1.16B | 12.46 | -0.16 | 13.72% | 11.14% | 4.66% | 21.54% | 0.28 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 79.41M | 59.91M | 132.33M | 300.22M | 490.5M | 302.55M | 450.96M | 667.42M | 631.6M | 705.82M |
| Revenue Growth % | 0.44% | -0.25% | 1.21% | 1.27% | 0.63% | -0.38% | 0.49% | 0.48% | -0.05% | 0.12% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 35.83K | 43.29K | 867K | 13.75M | 29.71M | 32.6M | 29.49M | 32.89M | 48.32M | 71.29M |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0% | 0% | 0.01% | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.11% | 0.07% | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.1% |
| Gross Profit | 79.38M | 59.87M | 131.46M | 286.47M | 460.78M | 269.95M | 421.47M | 634.53M | 583.27M | 634.54M |
| Gross Margin % | 1% | 1% | 0.99% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.89% | 0.93% | 0.95% | 0.92% | 0.9% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 0.44% | -0.25% | 1.2% | 1.18% | 0.61% | -0.41% | 0.56% | 0.51% | -0.08% | 0.09% |
| Operating Expenses | 4.12M | 4.81M | 11.69M | 25.64M | 59.01M | 52.7M | 59.08M | 72.22M | 97.22M | 95.4M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.12% | 0.17% | 0.13% | 0.11% | 0.15% | 0.14% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 2.64M | 3.02M | 8.52M | 25.64M | 59.01M | 52.7M | 59.08M | 63.49M | 89.83M | 34.48M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.03% | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.09% | 0.12% | 0.17% | 0.13% | 0.1% | 0.14% | 0.05% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 1.48M | 1.79M | 3.17M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.73M | 7.38M | 60.92M |
| Operating Income | 75.26M | 55.06M | 119.78M | 260.83M | 401.77M | 217.25M | 362.39M | 562.31M | 486.05M | 539.14M |
| Operating Margin % | 0.95% | 0.92% | 0.91% | 0.87% | 0.82% | 0.72% | 0.8% | 0.84% | 0.77% | 0.76% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 0.46% | -0.27% | 1.18% | 1.18% | 0.54% | -0.46% | 0.67% | 0.55% | -0.14% | 0.11% |
| EBITDA | 75.28M | 59.91M | 129.46M | 300.22M | 410.68M | 231.65M | 378.65M | 577.68M | 500.81M | 564.3M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.95% | 1% | 0.98% | 1% | 0.84% | 0.77% | 0.84% | 0.87% | 0.79% | 0.8% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 0.46% | -0.2% | 1.16% | 1.32% | 0.37% | -0.44% | 0.63% | 0.53% | -0.13% | 0.13% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 25.37K | 4.85M | 9.69M | 39.39M | 8.91M | 14.39M | 16.26M | 15.38M | 14.76M | 25.16M |
| EBIT | 75.27M | 55.06M | 144.98M | 260.83M | 399.69M | 217.44M | 362.51M | 562.67M | 486.05M | 539.14M |
| Net Interest Income | 27K | 29.07K | 84K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.14M |
| Interest Income | 27K | 29.07K | 84K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.14M |
| Interest Expense | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Income/Expense | 27.44K | 29.07K | 114K | 916K | 2.68M | 2.4M | 624K | 6.55M | 31.51M | 39.68M |
| Pretax Income | 75.28M | 55.09M | 119.86M | 261.75M | 402.25M | 219.66M | 363.02M | 568.86M | 517.56M | 578.82M |
| Pretax Margin % | 0.95% | 0.92% | 0.91% | 0.87% | 0.82% | 0.73% | 0.8% | 0.85% | 0.82% | 0.82% |
| Income Tax | 25.24M | 17.85M | 43.5M | 52.01M | 83.53M | 43.61M | 93.04M | 122.49M | 111.92M | 124.86M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 0.66% | 0.68% | 0.64% | 0.8% | 0.79% | 0.8% | 0.74% | 0.78% | 0.78% | 0.78% |
| Net Income | 50.04M | 37.24M | 76.36M | 209.74M | 318.73M | 176.05M | 269.98M | 446.36M | 405.64M | 453.96M |
| Net Margin % | 0.63% | 0.62% | 0.58% | 0.7% | 0.65% | 0.58% | 0.6% | 0.67% | 0.64% | 0.64% |
| Net Income Growth % | 0.44% | -0.26% | 1.05% | 1.75% | 0.52% | -0.45% | 0.53% | 0.65% | -0.09% | 0.12% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 50.04M | 37.24M | 97.23M | 209.74M | 318.73M | 176.05M | 269.98M | 446.36M | 405.64M | 453.96M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | 2.03 | 1.55 | 3.24 | 8.98 | 13.79 | 7.57 | 11.61 | 19.26 | 17.59 | 19.72 |
| EPS Growth % | 0.47% | -0.24% | 1.09% | 1.77% | 0.54% | -0.45% | 0.53% | 0.66% | -0.09% | 0.12% |
| EPS (Basic) | 2.03 | 1.55 | 3.24 | 8.98 | 13.79 | 7.57 | 11.61 | 19.27 | 17.60 | 19.75 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 24.59M | 23.97M | 23.56M | 23.36M | 23.27M | 23.27M | 23.26M | 23.18M | 23.06M | 23.02M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 24.59M | 23.97M | 23.56M | 23.36M | 23.27M | 23.27M | 23.26M | 23.17M | 23.04M | 22.99M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 0.05% | 0.07% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.44% | 0.32% | 0.55% | 0.25% | 0.77% |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 48.94M | 55.97M | 98.56M | 181.59M | 366.64M | 332.53M | 526.51M | 633.4M | 862.46M | 503.37M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 45.01M | 49.42M | 79.58M | 119.65M | 303.64M | 281.05M | 428.24M | 510.83M | 725.17M | 369.83M |
| Cash Only | 45.01M | 49.42M | 79.58M | 119.65M | 303.64M | 281.05M | 428.24M | 510.83M | 725.17M | 369.83M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 3.93M | 6.65M | 17.77M | 48.75M | 62.99M | 48.22M | 95.22M | 103.98M | 128.97M | 126.67M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 18.05 | 40.49 | 49.02 | 59.27 | 46.88 | 58.17 | 77.07 | 56.87 | 74.53 | 65.5 |
| Inventory | 1.11M | 1.11M | 1.11M | 10.49M | 107.08M | 108.54M | 109.07M | 109.7M | 0 | 0 |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 11.35K | 9.4K | 469.41 | 278.49 | 1.32K | 1.22K | 1.35K | 1.22K | - | - |
| Other Current Assets | -1.11M | -1.11M | -1.11M | -6.69M | -107.08M | -106.56M | -106.02M | -95.93M | 8.32M | 6.86M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 1.5M | 6.49M | 21.48M | 103.48M | 231.54M | 239.1M | 237.55M | 244.03M | 293.93M | 744.65M |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 260.9K | 1.17M | 19.52M | 89.11M | 120.48M | 127.39M | 125.94M | 133.03M | 138.06M | 556.14M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 304.39x | 51.29x | 6.78x | 3.37x | 4.07x | 2.38x | 3.58x | 5.02x | 4.57x | 1.27x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intangible Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.02M | 35.19M |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 1.24M | 1.44M | -5.03M | 14.38M | 111.06M | 111.72M | 111.61M | 111M | 134.85M | 153.32M |
| Total Assets | 50.44M | 62.45M | 127.46M | 285.07M | 598.18M | 571.63M | 764.06M | 877.43M | 1.16B | 1.25B |
| Asset Turnover | 1.57x | 0.96x | 1.04x | 1.05x | 0.82x | 0.53x | 0.59x | 0.76x | 0.55x | 0.57x |
| Asset Growth % | 0.52% | 0.24% | 1.04% | 1.24% | 1.1% | -0.04% | 0.34% | 0.15% | 0.32% | 0.08% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 1.67M | 3.06M | 6.46M | 12.11M | 24.46M | 39.55M | 67.54M | 56.81M | 63.06M | 60.4M |
| Accounts Payable | 868.81K | 827K | 5.61M | 10.51M | 19.19M | 13.32M | 17.91M | 23.44M | 22.5M | 26.96M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 8.85K | 6.97K | 2.36K | 278.84 | 235.76 | 149.19 | 221.64 | 260.13 | 169.96 | 138.03 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Other Current Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Current Ratio | 29.29x | 18.32x | 15.26x | 14.99x | 14.99x | 8.41x | 7.80x | 11.15x | 13.68x | 8.33x |
| Quick Ratio | 28.62x | 17.96x | 15.09x | 14.13x | 10.61x | 5.66x | 6.18x | 9.22x | 13.68x | 8.33x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 2.52K | 2.47K | -1.84K | 58.92 | 1.13K | 1.12K | 1.21K | 1.01K | - | - |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 3.08M | 11.78M | 8.48M | 28.27M | 61.58M | 46.9M | 44.81M | 47.73M | 50.14M | 55.16M |
| Long-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.37M | 2.03M | 1.45M | 1.96M | 1.17M | 453K |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 163.21K | 0 | 114K | 14.9M | 40.83M | 38.73M | 38.95M | 41.15M | 42.37M | 47.4M |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 333.24K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.15M | 611K | 131K | 274K | 504K |
| Total Liabilities | 4.75M | 14.83M | 48.27M | 40.38M | 86.04M | 86.45M | 112.35M | 104.54M | 113.2M | 115.56M |
| Total Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.37M | 2.03M | 1.45M | 1.96M | 1.17M | 453K |
| Net Debt | -45.01M | -49.42M | -79.58M | -119.65M | -300.28M | -279.02M | -426.8M | -508.88M | -724M | -369.38M |
| Debt / Equity | - | - | - | - | 0.01x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x |
| Debt / EBITDA | - | - | - | - | 0.01x | 0.01x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | -0.60x | -0.82x | -0.61x | -0.40x | -0.73x | -1.20x | -1.13x | -0.88x | -1.45x | -0.65x |
| Interest Coverage | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total Equity | 45.69M | 47.62M | 105.1M | 244.69M | 512.14M | 485.18M | 651.71M | 772.89M | 1.04B | 1.13B |
| Equity Growth % | 0.71% | 0.04% | 1.21% | 1.33% | 1.09% | -0.05% | 0.34% | 0.19% | 0.35% | 0.09% |
| Book Value per Share | 1.86 | 1.99 | 4.46 | 10.47 | 22.01 | 20.85 | 28.02 | 33.34 | 45.24 | 49.20 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 45.69M | 47.62M | 79.19M | 244.69M | 512.14M | 485.18M | 651.71M | 772.89M | 1.04B | 1.13B |
| Common Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78K | 78K | 78K | 231K |
| Retained Earnings | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 668.03M | 866.14M | 1.17B | 1.28B |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -15.42M | -104.14M | -145M | -168.84M |
| Accumulated OCI | -1.25M | -959.56K | -804K | -1.08M | -1.46M | -2.69M | -1.01M | 2.52M | 1.83M | 3.58M |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 49.57M | 40.96M | 93.83M | 195.45M | 342.79M | 207.04M | 265.16M | 447.15M | 418.29M | 490.67M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 0.62% | 0.68% | 0.71% | 0.65% | 0.7% | 0.68% | 0.59% | 0.67% | 0.66% | 0.7% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 0.28% | -0.17% | 1.29% | 1.08% | 0.75% | -0.4% | 0.28% | 0.69% | -0.06% | 0.17% |
| Net Income | 50.04M | 42.27M | 97.23M | 209.74M | 318.73M | 176.05M | 269.98M | 446.36M | 405.64M | 453.96M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 25K | 43K | 376K | 2.58M | 8.91M | 14.39M | 16.26M | 15.38M | 14.76M | 25.16M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28K | 8.43M | 10.34M | 12.5M |
| Deferred Taxes | -129.93K | -1.26M | 1.1M | 14.79M | 25.92M | -2.1M | 220K | 1.26M | 1.4M | 4.6M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -1K | 8K | 0 | 0 | -22M | -1.42M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4.62M |
| Working Capital Changes | -367K | -105K | -4.88M | -31.66M | 11.23M | 20.11M | -21.32M | -24.28M | -13.86M | -936K |
| Change in Receivables | -1.14M | -1.33M | -7.63M | -29M | -9.79M | 27.61M | -47.6M | -13.83M | -24.46M | -610K |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | -270K | -89K | 4.94M | 4.78M | 7.96M | -6.29M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -196.46K | -958.87K | -18.72M | -81.53M | -111.69M | -26M | -15M | -21.4M | -60.31M | -471.75M |
| Capital Expenditures | -221K | -977K | -18.75M | -72.18M | -37.23M | -22.03M | -15.55M | -20.87M | -18.59M | -425.27M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0% | 0.02% | 0.14% | 0.24% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.6% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 25K | 18K | 27K | -9.35M | -74.47M | -3.97M | 551K | -527K | -41.72M | -1.48M |
| Cash from Financing | -31.17M | -35.59M | -44.95M | -70.05M | -50.9M | -201.66M | -104.95M | -336.81M | -144.61M | -378.09M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | -2.4M | -2.51M | -10.68M | -31.65M | -46.55M | -201.66M | -85.26M | -247.28M | -99.97M | -347.31M |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | 49.34M | 39.98M | 75.08M | 147.57M | 310.58M | 201.95M | 249.62M | 427.94M | 403.26M | 460.98M |
| FCF Margin % | 0.62% | 0.67% | 0.57% | 0.49% | 0.63% | 0.67% | 0.55% | 0.64% | 0.64% | 0.65% |
| FCF Growth % | 0.27% | -0.19% | 0.88% | 0.97% | 1.1% | -0.35% | 0.24% | 0.71% | -0.06% | 0.14% |
| FCF per Share | 2.01 | 1.67 | 3.19 | 6.32 | 13.35 | 8.68 | 10.73 | 18.46 | 17.49 | 20.03 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.99x | 1.10x | 1.23x | 0.93x | 1.08x | 1.18x | 0.98x | 1.00x | 1.03x | 1.08x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 24.39M | 20.73M | 49M | 45.88M | 44.44M | 46.62M | 68.22M | 151.96M | 104.08M | 120.67M |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | 138.21% | 79.82% | 100% | 119.92% | 84.23% | 35.3% | 47.49% | 62.67% | 44.67% | 41.73% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 19403.5% | - | 757.31% | 259.86% | 178.88% | 77.96% | 126.1% | 172.51% | 125.01% | 74.72% |
| Gross Margin | 99.95% | 99.93% | 99.34% | 95.42% | 93.94% | 89.22% | 93.46% | 95.07% | 92.35% | 89.9% |
| Net Margin | 63.01% | 62.16% | 57.71% | 69.86% | 64.98% | 58.19% | 59.87% | 66.88% | 64.23% | 64.32% |
| Debt / Equity | - | - | - | - | 0.01x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x |
| FCF Conversion | 0.99x | 1.10x | 1.23x | 0.93x | 1.08x | 1.18x | 0.98x | 1.00x | 1.03x | 1.08x |
| Revenue Growth | 43.86% | -24.56% | 120.87% | 126.87% | 63.38% | -38.32% | 49.05% | 48% | -5.37% | 11.75% |
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil And Gas Royalties | 123.83M | 154.73M | 137.95M | 286.47M | 452.43M | 357.39M | 373.33M |
| Oil And Gas Royalties Growth | - | 24.95% | -10.85% | 107.66% | 57.94% | -21.01% | 4.46% |
| Water Sales And Royalties | 63.91M | 84.95M | 54.86M | 67.77M | 84.72M | 112.2M | 150.72M |
| Water Sales And Royalties Growth | - | 32.91% | -35.42% | 23.52% | 25.03% | 32.43% | 34.33% |
| Produced Water Royalties | - | - | - | 58.08M | 72.23M | 84.26M | 104.12M |
| Produced Water Royalties Growth | - | - | - | - | 24.37% | 16.65% | 23.57% |
| Easement and Sundry | 88.74M | 115.36M | 92.04M | 37.62M | 48.06M | 70.93M | 73.26M |
| Easement and Sundry Growth | - | 30.00% | -20.22% | -59.13% | 27.76% | 47.60% | 3.28% |
| Land Sales | 4.37M | 135.02M | 17.38M | - | - | - | 4.39M |
| Land Sales Growth | - | 2991.83% | -87.13% | - | - | - | - |
| Land Sales and Other Revenue | - | - | - | 1.03M | 9.97M | 6.81M | - |
| Land Sales and Other Revenue Growth | - | - | - | - | 870.98% | -31.75% | - |
| Other Revenues | 492K | 436K | 323K | - | - | - | - |
| Other Revenues Growth | - | -11.38% | -25.92% | - | - | - | - |
| Oil And Gas Royalty Interests | 18.88M | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oil And Gas Royalty Interests Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) has a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 16.8x. This is roughly in line with market averages.
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) reported $772.4M in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 2211% increase from $33.4M in 2011.
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) grew revenue by 11.8% over the past year. This is steady growth.
Yes, Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) is profitable, generating $476.4M in net income for fiscal year 2024 (64.3% net margin).
Yes, Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) pays a dividend with a yield of 4.56%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) has a return on equity (ROE) of 41.7%. This is excellent, indicating efficient use of shareholder capital.
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL) generated $514.7M in free cash flow for fiscal year 2024. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.