8-K Announcements
6May 6, 2026·SEC
Apr 27, 2026·SEC
Feb 18, 2026·SEC
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) fundamental analysis — strengths, weaknesses & financial health based on data analysis
* These insights are generated automatically based on available financial data. Please conduct your own research before making investment decisions.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) stock price & volume — 10-year historical chart
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) revenue, earnings & EPS growth — 3, 5 & 10-year CAGR
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) EPS & revenue vs analyst estimates — last 4 quarters
| Quarter | Date | EPS (Act vs Est) | Revenue (Act vs Est) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026Latest | May 6, 2026 | $0.15vs $0.14+7.1% | $361Mvs $362M-0.1% |
| Q1 2026 | Feb 12, 2026 | $0.26vs $0.26+0.0% | $342Mvs $343M-0.4% |
| Q4 2025 | Oct 30, 2025 | $0.23vs $0.23+0.0% | $378Mvs $351M+7.6% |
| Q3 2025 | Jul 31, 2025 | $0.17vs $0.19-10.5% | $367Mvs $375M-2.3% |
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) competitors in Snacks and bakery products — business model, growth, and fundamentals comparison
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) vs competitors — business, growth, and fundamentals comparison against the closest industry rivals.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) annual income statement — 10-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Line item | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 772.03M | 768.23M | 964.31M | 1.18B | 1.41B | 1.44B | 1.41B | 1.44B | 1.45B |
| Revenue Growth % | - | -0.49% | 25.52% | 22.44% | 19.28% | 2.12% | -2.01% | 2.09% | 2.34% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 505.33M | 514.43M | 625.78M | 796.8M | 959.34M | 981.75M | 914.5M | 1.12B | 1.13B |
| COGS % of Revenue | 65.45% | 66.96% | 64.89% | 67.48% | 68.12% | 68.26% | 64.89% | 77.61% | - |
| Gross Profit | 266.7M▲ 0% | 253.8M▼ 4.8% | 338.53M▲ 33.4% | 383.91M▲ 13.4% | 449.06M▲ 17.0% | 456.49M▲ 1.7% | 494.78M▲ 8.4% | 322.2M▼ 34.9% | 323M▲ 0% |
| Gross Margin % | 34.55% | 33.04% | 35.11% | 32.52% | 31.88% | 31.74% | 35.11% | 22.39% | 22.31% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | -4.84% | 33.39% | 13.4% | 16.97% | 1.65% | 8.39% | -34.88% | - |
| Operating Expenses | 247.32M | 215.05M | 306.71M | 373.34M | 443.71M | 440.47M | 435.87M | 223.7M | 386.8M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 32.04% | 27.99% | 31.81% | 31.62% | 31.5% | 30.63% | 30.93% | 15.55% | - |
| Selling, General & Admin | 251.39M | 228.31M | 297.52M | 375.21M | 444.4M | 433.12M | 435.79M | 348M | 328M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 32.56% | 29.72% | 30.85% | 31.78% | 31.55% | 30.11% | 30.92% | 24.19% | - |
| Research & Development | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | -4.07M | -13.26M | 9.19M | -1.86M | -691K | 7.35M | 78K | -124.3M | 1.4M |
| Operating Income | 19.38M▲ 0% | 38.75M▲ 99.9% | 31.82M▼ 17.9% | 10.57M▼ 66.8% | 5.34M▼ 49.4% | 16.02M▲ 199.7% | 58.91M▲ 267.8% | 98.5M▲ 67.2% | -63.8M▲ 0% |
| Operating Margin % | 2.51% | 5.04% | 3.3% | 0.89% | 0.38% | 1.11% | 4.18% | 6.85% | -4.41% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 99.9% | -17.87% | -66.8% | -49.42% | 199.72% | 267.77% | 67.22% | - |
| EBITDA | 49.74M | 68.04M | 76.57M | 91.29M | 92.14M | 95.5M | 129.85M | 180.9M | -22.14M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 6.44% | 8.86% | 7.94% | 7.73% | 6.54% | 6.64% | 9.21% | 12.57% | -1.53% |
| EBITDA Growth % | - | 36.78% | 12.54% | 19.23% | 0.94% | 3.65% | 35.96% | 39.32% | -117.53% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 30.36M | 29.29M | 44.74M | 80.72M | 86.8M | 79.49M | 70.94M | 82.4M | 41.66M |
| EBIT | 15.31M | 25.49M | 41.02M | 46.95M | 4.53M | 19.76M | 111.17M | 98.5M | -58.5M |
| Net Interest Income | 2.05M | 8.97M | -39.96M | -34.71M | -44.42M | -60.59M | -44.86M | -43.1M | -65.9M |
| Interest Income | 2.05M | 8.97M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 0 | 0 | 39.96M | 34.71M | 44.42M | 60.59M | 44.86M | 43.1M | 65.9M |
| Other Income/Expense | -45.11M | -48.96M | -132.6M | 5.52M | -43.3M | -55.29M | 10.56M | -99.1M | 64.6M |
| Pretax Income | -25.73M▲ 0% | -10.22M▲ 60.3% | -100.78M▼ 886.2% | 16.08M▲ 116.0% | -37.96M▼ 336.0% | -39.27M▼ 3.5% | 69.47M▲ 276.9% | -600K▼ 100.9% | -1.7M▲ 0% |
| Pretax Margin % | -3.33% | -1.33% | -10.45% | 1.36% | -2.7% | -2.73% | 4.93% | -0.04% | -0.12% |
| Income Tax | 1.92M | 3.15M | 3.71M | 8.09M | -23.92M | 757K | 38.73M | 7.1M | 10.8M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | -7.46% | -30.79% | -3.68% | 50.27% | 63.01% | -1.93% | 55.75% | -1183.33% | -635.29% |
| Net Income | -30.5M▲ 0% | -16.17M▲ 47.0% | -96.51M▼ 496.8% | 20.55M▲ 121.3% | -392K▼ 101.9% | -24.94M▼ 6261.5% | 15.97M▲ 164.1% | 800K▼ 95.0% | -5.8M▲ 0% |
| Net Margin % | -3.95% | -2.11% | -10.01% | 1.74% | -0.03% | -1.73% | 1.13% | 0.06% | -0.4% |
| Net Income Growth % | - | 46.98% | -496.77% | 121.3% | -101.91% | -6261.48% | 164.06% | -94.99% | -121.12% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -27.64M | -13.36M | -104.48M | 8M | -14.04M | -40.03M | 30.74M | -7.7M | -10.1M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | -7.31M | 831.99M | 754.97M | 748.54M | 714.19M | 685.29M | 631.2M | 627.9M |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.55▲ 0% | -0.29▲ 47.3% | -1.64▼ 465.5% | 0.25▲ 115.2% | -0.00▼ 102.0% | -0.31▼ 6226.5% | 0.19▲ 161.3% | 0.01▼ 95.2% | -0.07▲ 0% |
| EPS Growth % | - | 47.27% | -465.52% | 115.24% | -101.96% | - | 161.29% | -95.21% | -124.45% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.55 | -0.29 | -1.64 | 0.27 | -0.00 | -0.31 | 0.19 | 0.01 | - |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 55.88M | 55.88M | 71.09M | 81.09M | 80.09M | 81.08M | 85.43M | 87.77M | 88.35M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 55.88M | 55.88M | 71.09M | 76.68M | 80.09M | 81.08M | 82.1M | 86.58M | 88.35M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | 57.93% | - | - | 136% | 2787.5% | - |
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) balance sheet — assets, liabilities & shareholders' equity
| Line item | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 1.27M | 184.08M | 244.19M | 277.9M | 372.19M | 328.05M | 317.26M | 384.4M | 359.9M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 944.89K | 15.05M | 46.83M | 41.9M | 72.93M | 52.02M | 56.14M | 120.4M | 73.7M |
| Cash Only | 944.89K | 15.05M | 46.83M | 41.9M | 72.93M | 52.02M | 56.14M | 120.4M | 73.7M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 0 | 106.82M | 125.97M | 138.09M | 146.26M | 140.37M | 124.49M | 104.8M | 128.2M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | - | 50.75 | 47.68 | 42.69 | 37.9 | 35.62 | 32.24 | 26.59 | 33.89 |
| Inventory | 0 | 50.89M | 59.81M | 79.52M | 118.01M | 104.67M | 101.36M | 119.3M | 122.5M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | - | 36.11 | 34.89 | 36.43 | 44.9 | 38.91 | 40.46 | 39 | 38.95 |
| Other Current Assets | 0 | 6.75M | 11.57M | 0 | 34.99M | 31M | 35.27M | 39.9M | 35.5M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 442.05M | 594.47M | 2.35B | 2.44B | 2.47B | 2.42B | 2.41B | 2.41B | 2.43B |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 0 | 171.72M | 270.42M | 303.81M | 345.2M | 318.88M | 345.21M | 379.2M | 379.9M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | - | 4.47x | 3.57x | 3.89x | 4.08x | 4.51x | 4.08x | 3.79x | 3.75x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 202.41M | 862.18M | 915.44M | 915.29M | 915.29M | 870.7M | 865.2M | 865.2M |
| Intangible Assets | 0 | 184.01M | 1.17B | 1.14B | 1.1B | 1.06B | 996.51M | 963.9M | 956.5M |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 20M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.19M | 10.8M | 32.8M |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 442.05M | 36.33M | 15.67M | 76.69M | 108.12M | 121.09M | 189.55M | 190.1M | 799.1M |
| Total Assets | 443.31M▲ 0% | 778.55M▲ 75.6% | 2.6B▲ 233.8% | 2.72B▲ 4.5% | 2.84B▲ 4.6% | 2.75B▼ 3.3% | 2.73B▼ 0.7% | 2.79B▲ 2.4% | 2.79B▲ 0% |
| Asset Turnover | 1.74x | 0.99x | 0.37x | 0.43x | 0.50x | 0.52x | 0.52x | 0.52x | 0.52x |
| Asset Growth % | - | 75.62% | 233.81% | 4.52% | 4.57% | -3.3% | -0.67% | 2.39% | 14.72% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 149.39K | 107.52M | 200.11M | 188.02M | 237.43M | 230.69M | 285.27M | 323.2M | 315M |
| Accounts Payable | 115.11K | 49.03M | 57.25M | 95.37M | 114.36M | 124.36M | 150.93M | 197.4M | 188.3M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 0.08 | 34.79 | 33.39 | 43.69 | 43.51 | 46.24 | 60.24 | 64.53 | 60.54 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 14.28M | 9.49M | 21.37M | 31.06M | 28.73M | 23.01M | 37.9M | 36.4M |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2M | 0 | 0 |
| Other Current Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 96.4M | 33.25M | 40.65M | 41.13M | 41.64M | 60.3M | 90.3M |
| Current Ratio | 8.48x | 1.71x | 1.22x | 1.48x | 1.57x | 1.42x | 1.11x | 1.19x | 1.19x |
| Quick Ratio | 8.48x | 1.24x | 0.92x | 1.06x | 1.07x | 0.97x | 0.76x | 0.82x | 0.82x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | - | 52.07 | 49.17 | 35.43 | 39.29 | 28.3 | 12.46 | 1.06 | 12.3 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 15.45M | 704.38M | 1.01B | 1.09B | 1.15B | 1.13B | 1.06B | 1.13B | 1.13B |
| Long-Term Debt | 0 | 659.57M | 802.56M | 855.26M | 913.67M | 897.68M | 767.47M | 971.6M | 13.1M |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 6.05M | 0 | 23.23M | 35.33M | 43.93M | 133M | 139.2M | 426.2M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 88.48M | 136.33M | 124.8M | 114.69M | 123.74M | 126.6M | 506.2M |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 15.45M | 38.76M | 122.8M | 78.84M | 77.44M | 76.06M | 31.19M | -111.9M | 938.5M |
| Total Liabilities | 15.6M | 811.9M | 1.21B | 1.28B | 1.39B | 1.36B | 1.34B | 1.45B | 1.45B |
| Total Debt | 0 | 679.91M | 812.05M | 909.01M | 992.46M | 985.34M | 940.82M | 1.17B | 49.5M |
| Net Debt | -944.89K | 664.86M | 765.22M | 867.11M | 919.52M | 933.32M | 884.68M | 1.05B | -24.2M |
| Debt / Equity | - | - | 0.59x | 0.63x | 0.68x | 0.71x | 0.68x | 0.87x | 0.87x |
| Debt / EBITDA | - | 9.99x | 10.61x | 9.96x | 10.77x | 10.32x | 7.25x | 6.45x | -2.24x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | -0.02x | 9.77x | 9.99x | 9.50x | 9.98x | 9.77x | 6.81x | 5.79x | 5.79x |
| Interest Coverage | - | - | 1.03x | 1.35x | 0.10x | 0.33x | 2.48x | 2.29x | -0.89x |
| Total Equity | 427.72M▲ 0% | -33.35M▼ 107.8% | 1.38B▲ 4252.4% | 1.43B▲ 3.6% | 1.45B▲ 1.2% | 1.38B▼ 4.7% | 1.39B▲ 0.3% | 1.34B▼ 3.1% | 1.34B▲ 0% |
| Equity Growth % | - | -107.8% | 4252.38% | 3.59% | 1.19% | -4.68% | 0.29% | -3.09% | -9.61% |
| Book Value per Share | 7.65 | -0.60 | 19.48 | 17.69 | 18.12 | 17.07 | 16.24 | 15.32 | 15.14 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 427.72M | -26.04M | 552.91M | 679.71M | 703.15M | 669.5M | 702.45M | 713.7M | 709.5M |
| Common Stock | 422.72M | -27.45M | 13K | 14K | 14K | 14K | 8K | 0 | 0 |
| Retained Earnings | 1.91M | 0 | -241.49M | -236.6M | -254.56M | -298.05M | -304.66M | -326.6M | -334.4M |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | 0 | 1.41M | 924K | 3.71M | 30.78M | 22.96M | 18.59M | 3.3M | 4.7M |
| Minority Interest | 0 | -7.31M | 831.99M | 754.97M | 748.54M | 714.19M | 685.29M | 631.2M | 627.9M |
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) cash flow — operating, investing & free cash flow history
| Line item | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 15.75M | 27.99M | 29.7M | 48.39M | 48.19M | 76.64M | 106.17M | 112.2M | 112.2M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 2.04% | 3.64% | 3.08% | 4.1% | 3.42% | 5.33% | 7.53% | 7.8% | - |
| Operating CF Growth % | - | 77.76% | 6.08% | 62.95% | -0.4% | 59.03% | 38.53% | 5.68% | -179.97% |
| Net Income | -27.64M | -13.36M | -96.62M | 8M | -14.04M | -40.03M | 30.74M | -3.3M | -5.8M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 30.36M | 29.29M | 44.74M | 80.72M | 86.8M | 79.49M | 70.94M | 82.4M | 63.8M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | -1.17M | 0 | 0 | 12.96M | 10.63M | 17.07M | 18.3M | 17.1M | 6.57M |
| Deferred Taxes | 900K | 1.95M | 2.63M | 4.83M | -29.36M | -8.94M | 14.14M | 2.4M | 4.6M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 2.35M | -4.09M | 95.98M | -34.62M | 5.2M | 19.25M | -49.73M | -33.9M | -44.09M |
| Working Capital Changes | 10.95M | 14.21M | -17.03M | -23.5M | -11.04M | 9.8M | 21.78M | 47.5M | 31.03M |
| Change in Receivables | -76K | 11.54M | 4.83M | -4.53M | -5.6M | 1.85M | 6.78M | 19.1M | -10.87M |
| Change in Inventory | 2.93M | 3.48M | -6M | -10.6M | -38.49M | 12.65M | -4.63M | -17.9M | -8.49M |
| Change in Payables | 7.51M | 1.18M | -5.34M | -5.45M | 51.43M | 9.73M | 123.09M | 54.5M | 8.48M |
| Cash from Investing | -2.17M | -115.88M | -703.4M | -136.1M | -76.07M | -48.49M | 74.96M | -86.9M | -69.97M |
| Capital Expenditures | -13.04M | -20M | -101.38M | -33.5M | -87.97M | -55.72M | -98.64M | -102.8M | -37.3M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 1.69% | 2.6% | 10.51% | 2.84% | 6.25% | 3.87% | 7% | 7.14% | - |
| Acquisitions | 0 | -137.84M | -598.79M | -117.58M | -75K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100K |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 10.87M | 41.96M | -3.22M | 14.98M | 8.04M | 5.53M | 173.6M | 15.9M | -32.77M |
| Cash from Financing | -16.37M | 96.03M | 231.52M | 82.78M | 58.91M | -49.05M | -177.01M | 39M | -37.06M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -4.25M | -13.89M | 125.97M | 65.65M | 67.56M | -15.73M | -134.83M | 80.6M | 241K |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 0 | 123.91M | 124.5M | 0 | 28M | 0 | -1.4M | 0 | -32K |
| Dividends Paid | -10.16M | -11.46M | -9.38M | -11.91M | -17.16M | -18.55M | -21.72M | -22.3M | -17.7M |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.4M | 0 | -32K |
| Other Financing | -1.95M | -2.53M | -9.56M | 29.04M | -19.49M | -14.78M | -19.06M | -19.3M | -19.57M |
| Net Change in Cash | -2.79M▲ 0% | 8.14M▲ 391.9% | 46.25M▲ 468.2% | -4.93M▼ 110.7% | 31.03M▲ 729.1% | -20.91M▼ 167.4% | 4.12M▲ 119.7% | 64.3M▲ 1462.6% | 10.95M▲ 0% |
| Free Cash Flow | 2.71M▲ 0% | 8M▲ 195.2% | 7.97M▼ 0.3% | 14.89M▲ 86.7% | -39.77M▼ 367.1% | 20.92M▲ 152.6% | 7.53M▼ 64.0% | 9.4M▲ 24.9% | -8.89M▲ 0% |
| FCF Margin % | 0.35% | 1.04% | 0.83% | 1.26% | -2.82% | 1.45% | 0.53% | 0.65% | -0.61% |
| FCF Growth % | - | 195.16% | -0.26% | 86.72% | -367.09% | 152.59% | -64.01% | 24.88% | 76.62% |
| FCF per Share | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.18 | -0.50 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -0.52x | -1.73x | -0.31x | 2.35x | -122.94x | -3.07x | 6.65x | 140.25x | 1.53x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.64M | 41.71M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.65M | 6.99M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) financial ratios — P/E, ROE, debt and 30+ core market and balance-sheet ratios
| Metric | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -8.2% | -14.28% | 1.46% | -0.03% | -1.76% | 1.15% | 0.06% | -0.43% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 5.49% | 1.72% | 0.36% | 0.17% | 0.51% | 1.93% | 3.17% | 3.17% |
| Gross Margin | 33.04% | 35.11% | 32.52% | 31.88% | 31.74% | 35.11% | 22.39% | 22.31% |
| Net Margin | -2.11% | -10.01% | 1.74% | -0.03% | -1.73% | 1.13% | 0.06% | -0.4% |
| Debt / Equity | - | 0.59x | 0.63x | 0.68x | 0.71x | 0.68x | 0.87x | 0.87x |
| Interest Coverage | - | 1.03x | 1.35x | 0.10x | 0.33x | 2.48x | 2.29x | -0.89x |
| FCF Conversion | -1.73x | -0.31x | 2.35x | -122.94x | -3.07x | 6.65x | 140.25x | 1.53x |
| Revenue Growth | -0.49% | 25.52% | 22.44% | 19.28% | 2.12% | -2.01% | 2.09% | 2.34% |
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) SEC filings — annual & quarterly reports (10-K, 10-Q)
May 6, 2026·SEC
Apr 27, 2026·SEC
Feb 18, 2026·SEC
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) stock FAQ — growth, dividends, profitability & financials explained
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) reported $1.45B in revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 88% increase from $772.0M in 2018.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) grew revenue by 2.1% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) reported a net loss of $5.8M for fiscal year 2025.
Yes, Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) pays a dividend with a yield of 3.06%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) has a return on equity (ROE) of 0.1%. This is below average, suggesting room for improvement.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) had negative free cash flow of $8.9M in fiscal year 2025, likely due to heavy capital investments.
Utz Brands, Inc. (UTZ) financial analysis — history, returns, DCA and operating performance tools
Historical returns with dividends reinvested
Dollar cost averaging vs lump sum
Yield, growth, payout safety & DRIP
EPS trends, net income & profitability
Long-term charts & historical price data
Sales growth patterns & revenue breakdown
30 years of market, efficiency and balance-sheet ratios
DCF intrinsic value, peer multiples & estimates