Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC) Intrinsic Value

DCF-based fair value calculation with Bear, Base, and Bull scenarios

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Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC)

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Intrinsic Value (DCF)

Current$290.77
Intrinsic$74.63
-74%
$27.21$74.63$169.01
Market implies 32% growth for 5 years
Current price reflects execution expectations above 8% growth — not unreasonable for quality businesses.
At $291, the market prices in continued strong cash flow growth (32%) — likely reflecting buybacks, margin stability, and ecosystem strength.
Range: Bear $27 → Bull $169. Current price implies expectations above the base case, closer to bull expectations.
Discount ↓Growth →4%6%8%10%
8%$107$123$140$159
10%$52$63$75$87
12%$23$31$40$49
14%$5$12$18$26

Bull Case

  • Bull case ($169) with 10% growth, 8% discount rate
  • Conservative 8% growth assumption is achievable based on track record

Bear Case

  • Bear case ($27) implies 91% downside at 6% growth, 12% discount
  • Price reflects 32% growth expectations vs 8% historical — high bar to clear
  • Trading 74% above base case — execution must exceed assumptions to justify
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5-Year Free Cash Flow Projection

Year 1$1.80B
Year 2$1.95B
Year 3$2.10B
Year 4$2.27B
Year 5$2.46B
Terminal$38.91B

📐 Model Inputs

Growth Rate8.0%5Y CAGR (cascade: 5Y→3Y→TTM)
Discount Rate9.5%WACC estimate
Terminal Growth3.0%Perpetuity rate
Base Free Cash Flow$1.67BTTM actual
Bear g×0.8, r+2%
Base Historical CAGR
Bull g×1.2, r−1.5%
ℹ️

DCF estimates based on historical growth rates extrapolated forward. See FAQ below for full methodology.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is NSC stock undervalued or overvalued?
🔴 OVERVALUED

NSC trades at $290.77 vs. our DCF-derived intrinsic value of $74.63, implying -74% downside. Using a 9.5% WACC and 8.0% FCF growth assumption, the current price requires growth rates above our estimates to be justified. Even our bull case ($132.27) suggests limited upside.

What is NSC's intrinsic value?

Using a 5-year DCF model: Base FCF of $1.67B, projected at 8.0% 5Y CAGR (best of revenue, EPS, or FCF growth), discounted at 9.5% WACC, with 3.0% terminal growth. Terminal value calculated via Gordon Growth Model: TV = FCF₅ × (1+g) / (WACC−g). After deducting $15.84B net debt and dividing by 0.23B shares: Bear $32.96 | Base $74.63 | Bull $132.27. Current price $290.77 implies -74% to base case.

How is NSC's fair value calculated?

DCF Methodology:

① Project FCF years 1-5 using 8.0% growth derived from 5-year historical CAGR (best of revenue, EPS, or FCF growth, with 8% floor and 25% cap).

② Calculate terminal value at year 5 using perpetuity growth model with g=3.0%.

③ Discount all cash flows to PV using WACC=9.5%.

④ Sum PV of explicit period + PV of terminal value = Enterprise Value ($32.73B).

⑤ Subtract net debt, divide by shares outstanding.

Sensitivity analysis available above—adjust WACC ±2% or growth ±3% to stress-test the valuation. Implied EV/FCF multiple: 19.6x.