8-K Announcements
6Feb 19, 2026·SEC
Jan 5, 2026·SEC
Nov 3, 2025·SEC
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) fundamental analysis — strengths, weaknesses & financial health based on data analysis
No significant weaknesses identified
* These insights are generated automatically based on available financial data. Please conduct your own research before making investment decisions.
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) stock price & volume — 10-year historical chart
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) revenue, earnings & EPS growth — 3, 5 & 10-year CAGR
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) EPS & revenue vs analyst estimates — last 4 quarters
| Quarter | Date | EPS (Act vs Est) | Revenue (Act vs Est) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2026Latest | Feb 19, 2026 | $1.18vs $1.14+3.5% | $644Mvs $644M+0.1% |
| Q4 2025 | Nov 3, 2025 | $1.13vs $1.08+4.6% | $639Mvs $644M-0.8% |
| Q3 2025 | Aug 5, 2025 | $1.06vs $1.02+3.9% | $620Mvs $635M-2.4% |
| Q2 2025 | May 8, 2025 | $1.00vs $0.96+4.2% | $612Mvs $621M-1.5% |
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) competitors in Communications and contact center software — business model, growth, and fundamentals comparison
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) vs competitors — business, growth, and fundamentals comparison against the closest industry rivals.
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) annual income statement — 10-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 501.53M | 673.62M | 902.86M | 1.18B | 1.59B | 1.99B | 2.2B | 2.4B | 2.52B |
| Revenue Growth % | 32.08% | 34.31% | 34.03% | 31.1% | 34.73% | 24.68% | 10.77% | 8.99% | 4.78% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 121.27M | 157.13M | 231.04M | 323.61M | 448.37M | 641.73M | 664.29M | 705.51M | 724.01M |
| COGS % of Revenue | 24.18% | 23.33% | 25.59% | 27.34% | 28.12% | 32.27% | 30.16% | 29.39% | 28.79% |
| Gross Profit | 380.25M▲ 0% | 516.5M▲ 35.8% | 671.82M▲ 30.1% | 860.05M▲ 28.0% | 1.15B▲ 33.3% | 1.35B▲ 17.5% | 1.54B▲ 14.2% | 1.69B▲ 10.2% | 1.79B▲ 5.7% |
| Gross Margin % | 75.82% | 76.67% | 74.41% | 72.66% | 71.88% | 67.73% | 69.84% | 70.61% | 71.21% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 32.26% | 35.83% | 30.07% | 28.02% | 33.29% | 17.46% | 14.22% | 10.19% | 5.68% |
| Operating Expenses | 407.53M | 532.93M | 717.49M | 973.29M | 1.45B | 2B | 1.74B | 1.69B | 1.66B |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 81.26% | 79.11% | 79.47% | 82.23% | 90.81% | 100.39% | 78.87% | 70.5% | 66.2% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 332.38M | 431.89M | 581.13M | 783.8M | 1.14B | 1.35B | 1.4B | 1.36B | 1.35B |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 66.27% | 64.11% | 64.37% | 66.22% | 71.39% | 67.9% | 63.62% | 56.78% | 53.6% |
| Research & Development | 75.15M | 101.04M | 136.36M | 189.48M | 309.74M | 362.26M | 335.85M | 329.32M | 316.99M |
| R&D % of Revenue | 14.98% | 15% | 15.1% | 16.01% | 19.42% | 18.22% | 15.25% | 13.72% | 12.6% |
| Other Operating Expenses | 1.49M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 283.69M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating Income | -27.27M▲ 0% | -16.44M▲ 39.7% | -45.67M▼ 177.9% | -113.24M▼ 147.9% | -301.79M▼ 166.5% | -649.48M▼ 115.2% | -198.81M▲ 69.4% | 2.67M▲ 101.3% | 126.23M▲ 4627.7% |
| Operating Margin % | -5.44% | -2.44% | -5.06% | -9.57% | -18.92% | -32.66% | -9.03% | 0.11% | 5.02% |
| Operating Income Growth % | -5.1% | 39.74% | -177.9% | -147.92% | -166.5% | -115.21% | 69.39% | 101.34% | 4627.72% |
| EBITDA | -11.06M | 6.84M | -7.8M | -37.63M | -176.49M | -402.91M | 35.13M | 225.28M | 391.14M |
| EBITDA Margin % | -2.21% | 1.01% | -0.86% | -3.18% | -11.07% | -20.26% | 1.59% | 9.39% | 15.55% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 2.02% | 161.81% | -214.16% | -382.09% | -369.06% | -128.29% | 108.72% | 541.29% | 73.63% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 16.21M | 23.27M | 37.87M | 75.61M | 125.29M | 246.56M | 233.94M | 222.61M | 264.92M |
| EBIT | -3.85M | -9.96M | -36.43M | -32.78M | -309.34M | -869.25M | -120.85M | 13.97M | 116.52M |
| Net Interest Income | -99K | -16.1M | -20.51M | -49.28M | -64.38M | -4.81M | -36M | -65M | -60.28M |
| Interest Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 99K | 16.1M | 20.51M | 49.28M | 64.38M | 4.81M | 36M | 65M | 60.28M |
| Other Income/Expense | 1.39M | -9.63M | -11.27M | 31.18M | -71.94M | -224.58M | 41.97M | -49.9M | -69.99M |
| Pretax Income | -25.88M▲ 0% | -26.06M▼ 0.7% | -56.94M▼ 118.5% | -82.06M▼ 44.1% | -373.72M▼ 355.4% | -874.05M▼ 133.9% | -156.84M▲ 82.1% | -47.23M▲ 69.9% | 56.24M▲ 219.1% |
| Pretax Margin % | -5.16% | -3.87% | -6.31% | -6.93% | -23.43% | -43.96% | -7.12% | -1.97% | 2.24% |
| Income Tax | 258K | 140K | -3.33M | 934K | 2.53M | 5.11M | 8.39M | 11.06M | 12.85M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | -1% | -0.54% | 5.85% | -1.14% | -0.68% | -0.58% | -5.35% | -23.43% | 22.84% |
| Net Income | -26.14M▲ 0% | -26.2M▼ 0.2% | -53.61M▼ 104.6% | -83M▼ 54.8% | -376.25M▼ 353.3% | -879.17M▼ 133.7% | -165.24M▲ 81.2% | -58.29M▲ 64.7% | 43.39M▲ 174.4% |
| Net Margin % | -5.21% | -3.89% | -5.94% | -7.01% | -23.59% | -44.22% | -7.5% | -2.43% | 1.73% |
| Net Income Growth % | 10.81% | -0.24% | -104.58% | -54.82% | -353.34% | -133.67% | 81.2% | 64.73% | 174.44% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -4.2M | -26.2M | -53.61M | -83M | -376.25M | -879.17M | -165.24M | -58.29M | 43.39M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.34▲ 0% | -0.33▲ 2.9% | -0.64▼ 93.9% | -0.94▼ 46.9% | -4.10▼ 336.2% | -9.23▼ 125.1% | -1.74▲ 81.1% | -0.63▲ 63.8% | 0.48▲ 176.2% |
| EPS Growth % | 15% | 2.94% | -93.94% | -46.88% | -336.17% | -125.12% | 81.15% | 63.79% | 176.19% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.34 | -0.33 | -0.64 | -0.94 | -4.10 | -9.23 | -1.74 | -0.63 | 0.50 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 76.28M | 79.5M | 83.13M | 88.68M | 91.74M | 95.24M | 94.91M | 92.11M | 87.96M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 76.28M | 79.5M | 83.13M | 88.68M | 91.74M | 95.24M | 94.91M | 92.11M | 86.11M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) balance sheet — assets, liabilities & shareholders' equity
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 248.04M | 707.51M | 535.54M | 926.13M | 650.74M | 796.02M | 848.65M | 871.12M | 597.85M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 181.19M | 566.33M | 343.61M | 639.85M | 267.16M | 269.98M | 222.19M | 242.81M | 132.56M |
| Cash Only | 181.19M | 566.33M | 343.61M | 639.85M | 267.16M | 269.98M | 222.19M | 242.81M | 132.56M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 46.69M | 94.38M | 129.99M | 176.03M | 232.84M | 311.32M | 364.44M | 386.25M | 384.1M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 33.98 | 51.14 | 52.55 | 54.28 | 53.29 | 57.15 | 60.4 | 58.73 | 55.74 |
| Inventory | 198K | 199K | 401K | 551K | 5.66M | 1.21M | 1.49M | 1.24M | 0 |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 0.6 | 0.46 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 4.6 | 0.69 | 0.82 | 0.64 | - |
| Other Current Assets | 23.05M | 31.81M | 45.29M | 91.19M | 118.83M | 190.2M | 228.08M | 200.96M | 81.19M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 57.13M | 186.81M | 915.21M | 1.26B | 1.93B | 1.28B | 1.1B | 908.75M | 883.6M |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 43.3M | 70.2M | 128.5M | 193.32M | 214.2M | 220.83M | 227.38M | 227.11M | 217.43M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 11.58x | 9.60x | 7.03x | 6.12x | 7.45x | 9.00x | 9.69x | 10.57x | 11.57x |
| Goodwill | 9.39M | 31.24M | 55.28M | 57.31M | 55.49M | 54.34M | 67.37M | 82.99M | 97.79M |
| Intangible Assets | 1.46M | 19.48M | 127.34M | 118.31M | 716.61M | 528.05M | 393.77M | 258.53M | 135.41M |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 132.19M | 213.18M | 210.44M | 4.56M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 2.97M | 65.89M | 471.9M | 676.34M | 731.55M | 469.87M | 407.75M | 340.13M | 432.97M |
| Total Assets | 305.17M▲ 0% | 894.33M▲ 193.1% | 1.45B▲ 62.2% | 2.18B▲ 50.6% | 2.58B▲ 18.1% | 2.07B▼ 19.6% | 1.94B▼ 6.2% | 1.78B▼ 8.5% | 1.48B▼ 16.8% |
| Asset Turnover | 1.64x | 0.75x | 0.62x | 0.54x | 0.62x | 0.96x | 1.13x | 1.35x | 1.70x |
| Asset Growth % | 20.8% | 193.06% | 62.22% | 50.58% | 18.06% | -19.6% | -6.21% | -8.49% | -16.77% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 126.71M | 199.36M | 280.71M | 438.07M | 526.27M | 652.56M | 632.55M | 748.8M | 1.22B |
| Accounts Payable | 7.32M | 10.14M | 34.61M | 54.04M | 70.02M | 62.72M | 53.3M | 21.87M | 27.68M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 22.04 | 23.57 | 54.68 | 60.96 | 57 | 35.67 | 29.28 | 11.31 | 13.95 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.15M | 0 | 0 | 20M | 181.25M | 624.22M |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 64.42M | 88.53M | 107.37M | 142.22M | 176.45M | 209.72M | 233.62M | 261.88M | 269.12M |
| Other Current Liabilities | 62.92M | 65.36M | 30.54M | 43.23M | 48.91M | 53.42M | 63.01M | 47.41M | 297.63M |
| Current Ratio | 1.96x | 3.55x | 1.91x | 2.11x | 1.24x | 1.22x | 1.34x | 1.16x | 0.49x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.96x | 3.55x | 1.91x | 2.11x | 1.23x | 1.22x | 1.34x | 1.16x | 0.49x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 12.54 | 28.03 | -1.5 | -6.05 | 0.89 | 22.16 | 31.93 | 48.06 | - |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 6.25M | 377.36M | 424.33M | 1.43B | 1.71B | 1.9B | 1.81B | 1.58B | 850.93M |
| Long-Term Debt | 0 | 366.55M | 386.89M | 1.38B | 1.4B | 1.64B | 1.53B | 1.35B | 843.4M |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 28.52M | 38.72M | 31.81M | 20.18M | 28.18M | 29.73M | 14.37M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 6.25M | 10.81M | 8.93M | 20.24M | 283.5M | 245.3M | 261.28M | 204.38M | -6.85M |
| Total Liabilities | 132.97M | 576.72M | 705.05M | 1.87B | 2.24B | 2.56B | 2.45B | 2.33B | 2.07B |
| Total Debt | 0 | 366.55M | 429.65M | 1.46B | 1.45B | 1.68B | 1.59B | 1.58B | 1.48B |
| Net Debt | -181.19M | -199.78M | 86.05M | 821.6M | 1.18B | 1.41B | 1.37B | 1.34B | 1.35B |
| Debt / Equity | - | 1.15x | 0.58x | 4.68x | 4.27x | - | - | - | - |
| Debt / EBITDA | - | 53.61x | - | - | - | - | 45.27x | 7.01x | 3.79x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | - | -29.22x | - | - | - | - | 38.95x | 5.93x | 3.45x |
| Interest Coverage | -38.86x | -0.62x | -1.78x | -0.67x | -4.80x | -180.83x | -3.36x | 0.21x | 1.93x |
| Total Equity | 172.2M▲ 0% | 317.61M▲ 84.4% | 745.7M▲ 134.8% | 312.25M▼ 58.1% | 338.97M▲ 8.6% | -482.79M▼ 242.4% | -502.57M▼ 4.1% | -550.92M▼ 9.6% | -588.12M▼ 6.8% |
| Equity Growth % | 32.42% | 84.44% | 134.79% | -58.13% | 8.56% | -242.43% | -4.1% | -9.62% | -6.75% |
| Book Value per Share | 2.26 | 4.00 | 8.97 | 3.52 | 3.69 | -5.07 | -5.30 | -5.98 | -6.69 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 172.2M | 317.61M | 745.7M | 312.25M | 338.97M | -482.79M | -502.57M | -550.92M | -588.12M |
| Common Stock | 8K | 8K | 9K | 9K | 9K | 10K | 9K | 9K | 9K |
| Retained Earnings | -265.64M | -235.7M | -289.31M | -372.31M | -748.56M | -1.53B | -1.7B | -1.76B | -1.71B |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | 3M | 2.23M | 1.95M | 6.81M | 644K | -8.78M | -8.22M | -8.88M | 2.46M |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) cash flow — operating, investing & free cash flow history
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 41.16M | 72.13M | 64.85M | -35.19M | 152.15M | 191.31M | 399.66M | 483.28M | 617.43M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 8.21% | 10.71% | 7.18% | -2.97% | 9.54% | 9.62% | 18.15% | 20.13% | 24.55% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 38.57% | 75.22% | -10.1% | -154.27% | 532.36% | 25.73% | 108.91% | 20.92% | 27.76% |
| Net Income | -26.14M | -26.2M | -53.61M | -83M | -376.25M | -879.17M | -165.24M | -58.29M | 43.39M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 16.21M | 23.27M | 37.87M | 75.61M | 125.29M | 246.56M | 233.94M | 222.61M | 222.6M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 42.06M | 68.09M | 101.35M | 189.6M | 357.96M | 386.01M | 426.68M | 339.06M | 269.66M |
| Deferred Taxes | -47K | -303K | -3.95M | -499K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 1.19M | 40.33M | 56.35M | 12.72M | 171.41M | 662.09M | 119.61M | 187.79M | 228.6M |
| Working Capital Changes | 7.89M | -33.05M | -73.17M | -229.63M | -126.27M | -224.19M | -215.33M | -207.89M | -146.83M |
| Change in Receivables | -16.77M | -47.88M | -37.16M | -51.98M | -64.94M | -87.84M | -57.82M | -30.48M | -13.81M |
| Change in Inventory | 5.23M | 32.49M | 25.69M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 176K | 2.78M | 21.75M | 21.92M | 17.85M | -6.17M | -21.21M | -29.79M | 4.1M |
| Cash from Investing | -26.39M | -83.45M | -296.78M | -107.69M | -396.83M | -87.21M | -90.45M | -109.36M | -107.97M |
| Capital Expenditures | -26.92M | -57.01M | -133.35M | -43.62M | -28.96M | -32.71M | -23.51M | -24.99M | -30.1M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 5.37% | 8.46% | 14.77% | 3.69% | 1.82% | 1.65% | 1.07% | 1.04% | 1.2% |
| Acquisitions | 0 | -26.43M | -27.87M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -14.71M | -26.29M | -20.75M |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -6.89M | -29.89M | -105.59M | -64.07M | -355.99M | -57.72M | -52.23M | -55.53M | -57.11M |
| Cash from Financing | 6.78M | 397.25M | 9.04M | 437.59M | -127.05M | -98.22M | -358.02M | -351.08M | -623.42M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -15.02M | 448.72M | -943K | 539.42M | -333.63M | 0 | -45.21M | -20M | -291.13M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 0 | -22.17M | 0 | 0 | 199.45M | -99.79M | -311.09M | -322.36M | -319.73M |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -3.69M | -15M | -14.67M | 0 | 0 | -99.79M | -311.09M | -322.36M | -334.45M |
| Other Financing | 21.8M | -29.29M | 9.98M | -101.83M | 7.13M | 1.57M | -1.72M | -8.72M | -12.56M |
| Net Change in Cash | 20.84M▲ 0% | 385.14M▲ 1748.3% | -222.72M▼ 157.8% | 296.25M▲ 233.0% | -372.69M▼ 225.8% | 2.82M▲ 100.8% | -47.79M▼ 1793.4% | 20.62M▲ 143.1% | -110.25M▼ 634.8% |
| Free Cash Flow | 14.25M▲ 0% | 15.12M▲ 6.1% | -68.51M▼ 553.2% | -142.88M▼ 108.6% | -244.68M▼ 71.3% | 100.87M▲ 141.2% | 323.92M▲ 221.1% | 400.21M▲ 23.6% | 587.32M▲ 46.8% |
| FCF Margin % | 2.84% | 2.24% | -7.59% | -12.07% | -15.34% | 5.07% | 14.71% | 16.67% | 23.35% |
| FCF Growth % | 7.05% | 6.09% | -553.21% | -108.56% | -71.25% | 141.23% | 221.12% | 23.55% | 46.75% |
| FCF per Share | 0.19 | 0.19 | -0.82 | -1.61 | -2.67 | 1.06 | 3.41 | 4.34 | 6.68 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -1.57x | -2.75x | -1.21x | 0.42x | -0.40x | -0.22x | -2.42x | -8.29x | 14.23x |
| Interest Paid | 116K | 40K | 189K | 220K | 309K | 347K | 16.63M | 59.05M | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 216K | 433K | 996K | 870K | 1.39M | 3.73M | 10.94M | 17.75M | 0 |
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) financial ratios — P/E, ROE, debt and 30+ core market and balance-sheet ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -24.41% | -17.3% | -10.7% | -10.08% | -15.69% | -115.55% | - | - | - | - |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | - | - | -22.65% | -7.22% | -8.64% | -17.05% | -39.86% | -16.67% | 0.24% | 12.24% |
| Gross Margin | 75.72% | 75.82% | 76.67% | 74.41% | 72.66% | 71.88% | 67.73% | 69.84% | 70.61% | 71.21% |
| Net Margin | -7.72% | -5.21% | -3.89% | -5.94% | -7.01% | -23.59% | -44.22% | -7.5% | -2.43% | 1.73% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.12x | - | 1.15x | 0.58x | 4.68x | 4.27x | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Coverage | -37.97x | -38.86x | -0.62x | -1.78x | -0.67x | -4.80x | -180.83x | -3.36x | 0.21x | 1.93x |
| FCF Conversion | -1.01x | -1.57x | -2.75x | -1.21x | 0.42x | -0.40x | -0.22x | -2.42x | -8.29x | 14.23x |
| Revenue Growth | 28.19% | 32.08% | 34.31% | 34.03% | 31.1% | 34.73% | 24.68% | 10.77% | 8.99% | 4.78% |
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) SEC filings — annual & quarterly reports (10-K, 10-Q)
Feb 19, 2026·SEC
Jan 5, 2026·SEC
Nov 3, 2025·SEC
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) stock FAQ — growth, dividends, profitability & financials explained
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) reported $2.52B in revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 3089% increase from $78.9M in 2011.
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) grew revenue by 4.8% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Yes, RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) is profitable, generating $43.4M in net income for fiscal year 2025 (1.7% net margin).
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) generated $636.2M in free cash flow for fiscal year 2025. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.
RingCentral, Inc. (RNG) financial analysis — history, returns, DCA and operating performance tools
Historical returns with dividends reinvested
Dollar cost averaging vs lump sum
Yield, growth, payout safety & DRIP
EPS trends, net income & profitability
Long-term charts & historical price data
Sales growth patterns & revenue breakdown
30 years of market, efficiency and balance-sheet ratios
DCF intrinsic value, peer multiples & estimates