No significant weaknesses identified
| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPBP p.l.c. | 90.33B | 35.15 | 251.07 | -9.2% | 0.81% | 1.96% | 13.28% | 0.91 |
| EEni S.p.A. | 56.41B | 38.19 | 23.29 | -5.25% | 2.89% | 4.62% | 9.03% | 0.63 |
| SHELShell plc | 208.21B | 73.42 | 14.51 | -10.2% | 5.43% | 8.21% | 16.85% | 0.43 |
| TTETotalEnergies SE | 140.7B | 65.67 | 9.82 | -10.66% | 7.72% | 12.03% | 11.33% | 0.45 |
| EQNREquinor ASA | 61.71B | 24.70 | 7.94 | -4.07% | 5.35% | 14.11% | 12.85% | 0.71 |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 57.64B | 45.69B | 60.97B | 78.77B | 62.91B | 45.75B | 88.74B | 149B | 106.85B | 102.5B |
| Revenue Growth % | -0.4% | -0.21% | 0.33% | 0.29% | -0.2% | -0.27% | 0.94% | 0.68% | -0.28% | -0.04% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 50.21B | 43.16B | 47.88B | 59.47B | 42.74B | 36.22B | 46.88B | 60.2B | 58.81B | 59.88B |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.87% | 0.94% | 0.79% | 0.76% | 0.68% | 0.79% | 0.53% | 0.4% | 0.55% | 0.58% |
| Gross Profit | 7.43B | 2.53B | 13.09B | 19.3B | 20.18B | 9.53B | 41.87B | 88.81B | 48.04B | 42.63B |
| Gross Margin % | 0.13% | 0.06% | 0.21% | 0.24% | 0.32% | 0.21% | 0.47% | 0.6% | 0.45% | 0.42% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | -0.64% | -0.66% | 4.18% | 0.47% | 0.05% | -0.53% | 3.39% | 1.12% | -0.46% | -0.11% |
| Operating Expenses | 396.42M | 762M | 738M | 758M | 10.88B | 12.96B | 8.2B | 10B | 12.27B | 11.7B |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.17% | 0.28% | 0.09% | 0.07% | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 582.25M | 464M | 431M | 443M | 809M | 706M | 780M | 986M | 1.22B | 1.25B |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Research & Development | 334.48M | 298M | 307M | 315M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 11.56B | 12.09B | 10.21B | 10.65B | 10.07B | 12.25B | 7.42B | 9.01B | 11.05B | 10.45B |
| Operating Income | 7.04B | 1.77B | 12.36B | 18.54B | 9.3B | -3.42B | 33.66B | 78.81B | 35.77B | 30.93B |
| Operating Margin % | 0.12% | 0.04% | 0.2% | 0.24% | 0.15% | -0.07% | 0.38% | 0.53% | 0.33% | 0.3% |
| Operating Income Growth % | -0.65% | -0.75% | 5.99% | 0.5% | -0.5% | -1.37% | 10.83% | 1.34% | -0.55% | -0.14% |
| EBITDA | 18.68B | 12.44B | 22.47B | 28.85B | 22.5B | 11.81B | 45.38B | 85.54B | 46.35B | 40.83B |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.32% | 0.27% | 0.37% | 0.37% | 0.36% | 0.26% | 0.51% | 0.57% | 0.43% | 0.4% |
| EBITDA Growth % | -0.44% | -0.33% | 0.81% | 0.28% | -0.22% | -0.48% | 2.84% | 0.88% | -0.46% | -0.12% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 11.64B | 10.67B | 10.11B | 10.31B | 13.2B | 15.23B | 11.72B | 6.73B | 10.58B | 9.91B |
| EBIT | 1.07B | 565M | 13.72B | 19.16B | 10.29B | -3.28B | 32.35B | 79.53B | 39.01B | 32.04B |
| Net Interest Income | -185.82M | -234M | -174M | -374M | -568M | -759M | -657M | 200M | 1.11B | 744M |
| Interest Income | 309.71M | 390M | 316M | 204M | 425M | 221M | 112M | 1.13B | 2.23B | 1.8B |
| Interest Expense | 495.53M | 624M | 490M | 578M | 993M | 980M | 769M | 929M | 1.12B | 1.06B |
| Other Income/Expense | -6.5B | -1.95B | 1.06B | 335M | -7M | -836M | -2.08B | -207M | 2.11B | 59M |
| Pretax Income | 532.69M | -178M | 13.42B | 18.87B | 9.29B | -4.26B | 31.58B | 78.6B | 37.88B | 30.99B |
| Pretax Margin % | 0.01% | -0% | 0.22% | 0.24% | 0.15% | -0.09% | 0.36% | 0.53% | 0.35% | 0.3% |
| Income Tax | 5.15B | 2.72B | 8.82B | 11.34B | 7.44B | 1.24B | 23.01B | 49.86B | 25.98B | 22.16B |
| Effective Tax Rate % | -8.01% | 16.42% | 0.34% | 0.4% | 0.2% | 1.29% | 0.27% | 0.37% | 0.31% | 0.28% |
| Net Income | -4.27B | -2.92B | 4.59B | 7.54B | 1.84B | -5.51B | 8.56B | 28.75B | 11.88B | 8.81B |
| Net Margin % | -0.07% | -0.06% | 0.08% | 0.1% | 0.03% | -0.12% | 0.1% | 0.19% | 0.11% | 0.09% |
| Net Income Growth % | -2.45% | 0.32% | 2.57% | 0.64% | -0.76% | -3.99% | 2.55% | 2.36% | -0.59% | -0.26% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -4.62B | -2.9B | 4.6B | 7.54B | 1.85B | -5.5B | 8.58B | 28.74B | 11.9B | 8.83B |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 34.13M | 27M | 24M | 19M | 20M | 19M | 14M | 1M | 10M | 38M |
| EPS (Diluted) | -1.34 | -0.91 | 1.40 | 2.27 | 0.55 | -1.68 | 2.63 | 9.03 | 3.93 | 3.11 |
| EPS Growth % | -2.46% | 0.32% | 2.54% | 0.62% | -0.76% | -4.05% | 2.57% | 2.43% | -0.56% | -0.21% |
| EPS (Basic) | -1.34 | -0.91 | 1.40 | 2.27 | 0.55 | -1.68 | 2.64 | 9.06 | 3.93 | 3.12 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 3.18B | 3.19B | 3.27B | 3.33B | 3.33B | 3.27B | 3.25B | 3.18B | 3.03B | 2.83B |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 3.18B | 3.19B | 3.27B | 3.33B | 3.33B | 3.27B | 3.25B | 3.17B | 3.02B | 2.82B |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | 0.32% | 0.35% | 1.81% | - | 0.21% | 0.09% | 0.28% | 0.97% |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 28.22B | 25.4B | 27.19B | 26.06B | 24.78B | 30.82B | 62.5B | 78.17B | 60.99B | 53.19B |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 18.49B | 13.3B | 12.84B | 14.6B | 12.6B | 18.62B | 33.28B | 39.31B | 38.87B | 23.45B |
| Cash Only | 8.65B | 5.09B | 4.39B | 7.56B | 5.18B | 3.14B | 12.03B | 9.44B | 9.64B | 8.12B |
| Short-Term Investments | 9.84B | 8.21B | 8.45B | 7.04B | 7.43B | 15.48B | 21.25B | 29.88B | 29.22B | 15.34B |
| Accounts Receivable | 6.67B | 7.84B | 9.43B | 9B | 8.23B | 8.23B | 17.93B | 22.45B | 16.93B | 17.46B |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 42.24 | 62.63 | 56.42 | 41.69 | 47.77 | 65.67 | 73.74 | 55 | 57.84 | 62.16 |
| Inventory | 2.5B | 3.23B | 3.4B | 2.14B | 3.36B | 3.08B | 3.4B | 5.21B | 3.81B | 4.03B |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 18.19 | 27.29 | 25.91 | 13.16 | 28.72 | 31.08 | 26.43 | 31.56 | 23.67 | 24.57 |
| Other Current Assets | 1.08B | 1.56B | 1.97B | 318M | 578M | 886M | 7.9B | 11.2B | 1.38B | 8.25B |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 81.77B | 79.13B | 83.91B | 86.45B | 95.08B | 93.98B | 84.62B | 79.85B | 82.59B | 77.95B |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 62.14B | 59.56B | 63.64B | 65.26B | 71.75B | 68.51B | 64.03B | 58.1B | 58.82B | 55.56B |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 0.93x | 0.77x | 0.96x | 1.21x | 0.88x | 0.67x | 1.39x | 2.56x | 1.82x | 1.84x |
| Goodwill | 329.9M | 328M | 339M | 565M | 1.46B | 1.48B | 1.47B | 1.38B | 1.73B | 1.44B |
| Intangible Assets | 9.16B | 8.91B | 8.28B | 9.11B | 9.28B | 475M | 3.03B | 2.18B | 770M | 4.21B |
| Long-Term Investments | 3.17B | 4.59B | 5.39B | 5.32B | 5.04B | 9.44B | 6.03B | 5.49B | 5.95B | 8.09B |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 4.96B | 3.55B | 3.82B | 2.9B | 3.67B | 9.11B | 3.8B | 3.97B | 7.38B | 3.74B |
| Total Assets | 109.96B | 104.53B | 111.1B | 112.51B | 119.86B | 124.81B | 147.12B | 158.02B | 143.58B | 131.14B |
| Asset Turnover | 0.52x | 0.44x | 0.55x | 0.70x | 0.52x | 0.37x | 0.60x | 0.94x | 0.74x | 0.78x |
| Asset Growth % | -0.17% | -0.05% | 0.06% | 0.01% | 0.07% | 0.04% | 0.18% | 0.07% | -0.09% | -0.09% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 15.39B | 16.8B | 19.02B | 16.6B | 19.56B | 19.5B | 39.14B | 43.8B | 35.72B | 36.05B |
| Accounts Payable | 2.67B | 2.98B | 3.18B | 2.53B | 10.45B | 2.75B | 6.25B | 6.21B | 11.87B | 6.84B |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 19.44 | 25.19 | 24.25 | 15.54 | 89.25 | 27.69 | 48.65 | 37.64 | 73.67 | 41.68 |
| Short-Term Debt | 2.33B | 3.67B | 4.09B | 2.46B | 2.94B | 5.78B | 5.27B | 4.36B | 6B | 7.22B |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Current Liabilities | 10.39B | 10.15B | -3.49B | 6.9B | 462M | 9.83B | 6.7B | 5.28B | 10.82B | 5.11B |
| Current Ratio | 1.83x | 1.51x | 1.43x | 1.57x | 1.27x | 1.58x | 1.60x | 1.78x | 1.71x | 1.48x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.67x | 1.32x | 1.25x | 1.44x | 1.09x | 1.42x | 1.51x | 1.67x | 1.60x | 1.36x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 41 | 64.73 | 58.08 | 39.31 | -12.76 | 69.06 | 51.52 | 48.92 | 7.84 | 45.05 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 54.18B | 52.63B | 52.2B | 52.91B | 59.15B | 71.42B | 68.96B | 60.23B | 59.36B | 52.71B |
| Long-Term Debt | 30.03B | 28B | 24.18B | 23.26B | 21.75B | 29.12B | 27.4B | 24.14B | 22.23B | 19.36B |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 375M | 3.19B | 3.22B | 2.45B | 2.41B | 2.29B | 2.26B |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 7.44B | 6.43B | 7.65B | 8.67B | 9.41B | 11.22B | 14.04B | 12B | 13.35B | 12.73B |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 24.15B | 1M | 20.36B | 20.6B | 24.79B | 27.85B | 25.07B | 21.68B | 21.5B | 18.36B |
| Total Liabilities | 69.58B | 69.43B | 71.22B | 69.52B | 78.7B | 90.92B | 108.1B | 104.03B | 95.08B | 88.76B |
| Total Debt | 32.36B | 31.67B | 28.27B | 25.73B | 29.03B | 38.12B | 36.24B | 32.17B | 31.8B | 30.09B |
| Net Debt | 23.72B | 26.58B | 23.88B | 18.17B | 23.86B | 34.98B | 24.21B | 22.73B | 22.16B | 21.97B |
| Debt / Equity | 0.80x | 0.90x | 0.71x | 0.60x | 0.71x | 1.12x | 0.93x | 0.60x | 0.66x | 0.71x |
| Debt / EBITDA | 1.73x | 2.55x | 1.26x | 0.89x | 1.29x | 3.23x | 0.80x | 0.38x | 0.69x | 0.74x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 1.27x | 2.14x | 1.06x | 0.63x | 1.06x | 2.96x | 0.53x | 0.27x | 0.48x | 0.54x |
| Interest Coverage | 14.20x | 2.83x | 25.22x | 32.07x | 9.36x | -3.49x | 43.78x | 84.83x | 31.88x | 29.26x |
| Total Equity | 40.38B | 35.1B | 39.88B | 42.99B | 41.16B | 33.89B | 39.02B | 53.99B | 48.5B | 42.38B |
| Equity Growth % | -0.21% | -0.13% | 0.14% | 0.08% | -0.04% | -0.18% | 0.15% | 0.38% | -0.1% | -0.13% |
| Book Value per Share | 12.70 | 10.99 | 12.20 | 12.93 | 12.35 | 10.37 | 11.99 | 16.96 | 16.02 | 14.99 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 40.35B | 35.07B | 39.86B | 42.97B | 41.14B | 33.87B | 39.01B | 53.99B | 48.49B | 42.34B |
| Common Stock | 910.08M | 1.16B | 1.18B | 1.19B | 1.19B | 1.16B | 1.16B | 1.14B | 1.1B | 1.05B |
| Retained Earnings | 24.47B | 32.57B | 34.41B | 38.79B | 37.48B | 30.05B | 36.68B | 58.24B | 56.52B | 52.41B |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | 10.42B | -5.26B | -3.66B | -5.25B | -5.26B | -4.19B | -5.25B | -8.43B | -9.13B | -11.12B |
| Minority Interest | 34.13M | 27M | 24M | 19M | 20M | 19M | 14M | 1M | 10M | 38M |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 12.4B | 9.03B | 14.36B | 19.69B | 13.75B | 10.39B | 28.82B | 35.14B | 24.7B | 20.11B |
| Operating CF Margin % | 0.22% | 0.2% | 0.24% | 0.25% | 0.22% | 0.23% | 0.32% | 0.24% | 0.23% | 0.2% |
| Operating CF Growth % | -0.27% | -0.27% | 0.59% | 0.37% | -0.3% | -0.24% | 1.77% | 0.22% | -0.3% | -0.19% |
| Net Income | 489.17M | -178M | 13.42B | 18.87B | 9.29B | -4.26B | 8.56B | 28.75B | 11.88B | 8.81B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 15.22B | 11.55B | 8.64B | 9.25B | 13.2B | 15.23B | 10.61B | 9.22B | 11.17B | 10.36B |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 167K | 102K | 175K | 197K | 147K | 100K | 100K | 200K | 300K | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -147K | -100K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -4.32B | -718M | -7.16B | -9.52B | -9.01B | -66M | 14.19B | 1.79B | -3.32B | -1.27B |
| Working Capital Changes | 1.01B | -1.62B | -542M | 1.09B | 259M | -524M | -4.55B | -4.62B | 4.96B | 2.22B |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -13.09B | -10.45B | -9.68B | -11.21B | -10.59B | -12.09B | -16.21B | -15.86B | -12.41B | -3.53B |
| Capital Expenditures | -14.19B | -12.19B | -10.76B | -11.37B | -10.2B | -8.48B | -8.04B | -8.76B | -10.57B | -12.18B |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.25% | 0.27% | 0.18% | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.19% | 0.09% | 0.06% | 0.1% | 0.12% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 1.49B | 984M | 1.08B | 3.71B | -10M | 707M | -8.06B | -7.25B | -639M | 10.36B |
| Cash from Financing | -853.2M | -1.96B | -5.82B | -5.02B | -5.5B | 2.99B | -4.84B | -15.41B | -18.14B | -17.74B |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | -2.61B | -1.88B | -1.49B | -2.67B | -3.34B | -2.33B | -1.8B | -5.38B | -10.91B | -8.58B |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | 0 | 0 | 444M | 0 | -278M | 0 | 1.2B | -5.1B | 0 | 933M |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | -1.79B | -3.16B | 3.61B | 8.33B | 3.54B | 1.91B | 20.78B | 26.38B | 14.13B | 7.93B |
| FCF Margin % | -0.03% | -0.07% | 0.06% | 0.11% | 0.06% | 0.04% | 0.23% | 0.18% | 0.13% | 0.08% |
| FCF Growth % | -4.4% | -0.77% | 2.14% | 1.31% | -0.57% | -0.46% | 9.88% | 0.27% | -0.46% | -0.44% |
| FCF per Share | -0.56 | -0.99 | 1.10 | 2.50 | 1.06 | 0.58 | 6.38 | 8.29 | 4.67 | 2.81 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -2.91x | -3.09x | 3.13x | 2.61x | 7.46x | -1.88x | 3.37x | 1.22x | 2.08x | 2.28x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 698M | 747M | 0 | 891M |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -9.31% | -7.74% | 12.24% | 18.18% | 4.38% | -14.68% | 23.49% | 61.81% | 23.19% | 19.38% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 7.8% | 2.11% | 14.77% | 22.26% | 11.05% | -3.84% | 38.23% | 84.47% | 36.41% | 34.36% |
| Gross Margin | 12.89% | 5.54% | 21.48% | 24.5% | 32.07% | 20.83% | 47.17% | 59.6% | 44.96% | 41.59% |
| Net Margin | -7.4% | -6.4% | 7.53% | 9.57% | 2.93% | -12.04% | 9.65% | 19.29% | 11.12% | 8.59% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.80x | 0.90x | 0.71x | 0.60x | 0.71x | 1.12x | 0.93x | 0.60x | 0.66x | 0.71x |
| Interest Coverage | 14.20x | 2.83x | 25.22x | 32.07x | 9.36x | -3.49x | 43.78x | 84.83x | 31.88x | 29.26x |
| FCF Conversion | -2.91x | -3.09x | 3.13x | 2.61x | 7.46x | -1.88x | 3.37x | 1.22x | 2.08x | 2.28x |
| Revenue Growth | -40.1% | -20.74% | 33.45% | 29.19% | -20.13% | -27.27% | 93.96% | 67.9% | -28.29% | -4.07% |
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Oil | - | - | - | - | - | 56.86B |
| Crude Oil Growth | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Natural gas | 14.56B | 11.28B | - | - | 65.23B | 26.39B |
| Natural gas Growth | - | -22.52% | - | - | - | -59.55% |
| Natural gas liquids | 7.17B | 5.81B | 5.07B | 8.49B | - | 23.17B |
| Natural gas liquids Growth | - | -18.98% | -12.71% | 67.49% | - | - |
| Refined products | 13.12B | 10.65B | 6.53B | 11.47B | 11.09B | 10.08B |
| Refined products Growth | - | -18.84% | -38.66% | 75.59% | -3.31% | -9.10% |
| Other products | 903M | 445M | 681M | 1.01B | 4.7B | 3.03B |
| Other products Growth | - | -50.72% | 53.03% | 47.72% | 367.40% | -35.52% |
| Trasnsportation | 1.03B | 967M | 1.08B | 921M | 1.47B | 1.43B |
| Trasnsportation Growth | - | -6.39% | 12.00% | -14.96% | 59.61% | -3.06% |
Equinor ASA (EQNR) has a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 7.9x. This may indicate the stock is undervalued or faces growth challenges.
Equinor ASA (EQNR) reported $107.07B in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 7% decrease from $115.16B in 2011.
Equinor ASA (EQNR) saw revenue decline by 4.1% over the past year.
Yes, Equinor ASA (EQNR) is profitable, generating $5.73B in net income for fiscal year 2024 (8.6% net margin).
Yes, Equinor ASA (EQNR) pays a dividend with a yield of 12.28%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
Equinor ASA (EQNR) has a return on equity (ROE) of 19.4%. This is reasonable for most industries.
Equinor ASA (EQNR) generated $6.83B in free cash flow for fiscal year 2024. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.