CTVA vs LIN vs APD vs FMC

For growth investors, Linde plc (LIN) is the stronger pick with 3.

0% revenue growth year-over-year, versus -18. 3% for FMC Corporation (FMC). Linde plc (LIN) offers the better valuation at 33. 8x trailing P/E (27. 7x forward), making it the more compelling value choice. Analysts rate Corteva, Inc. (CTVA) a "Buy" — based on 37 analyst ratings — the highest consensus in this comparison. The "better buy" depends entirely on your goals: growth investors should weight revenue trajectory, value investors should weight P/E and PEG, and income investors should weight dividend yield and streak.

On trailing P/E, Linde plc (LIN) is the cheapest at 33.

8x versus Corteva, Inc. at 49. 4x. On forward P/E, FMC Corporation is actually cheaper at 7. 7x — notably different from the trailing picture, reflecting expected earnings growth. The PEG ratio (P/E divided by earnings growth rate) is the most growth-adjusted single valuation metric: Linde plc wins at 1. 09x versus Corteva, Inc. 's 1. 81x — a reasonable growth-adjusted valuation.

Over the past 5 years, Linde plc (LIN) delivered a total return of +73.

9%, compared to -80. 2% for FMC Corporation (FMC). Over 10 years, the gap is even starker: LIN returned +375. 2% versus FMC's -26. 8%. Past returns do not guarantee future results, and the stock with the higher historical return may already have its best growth priced in.

By beta (market sensitivity over 5 years), Linde plc (LIN) is the lower-risk stock at 0.

24β versus FMC Corporation's 1. 63β — meaning FMC is approximately 577% more volatile than LIN relative to the S&P 500. On balance sheet safety, Corteva, Inc. (CTVA) carries a lower debt/equity ratio of 11% versus 2% for FMC Corporation — giving it more financial flexibility in a downturn.

By revenue growth (latest reported year), Linde plc (LIN) is pulling ahead at 3.

0% versus -18. 3% for FMC Corporation (FMC). On earnings-per-share growth, the picture is similar: Corteva, Inc. grew EPS 23. 1% year-over-year, compared to -757. 4% for FMC Corporation. Over a 3-year CAGR, LIN leads at 0. 6% annualised revenue growth. Higher growth typically commands a higher valuation multiple — check whether the premium P/E or P/S is justified by the growth rate using the PEG ratio.

Linde plc (LIN) is the more profitable company, earning 20.

3% net margin versus -64. 6% for FMC Corporation — meaning it keeps 20. 3% of every revenue dollar as bottom-line profit. Operating margin tells a similar story: LIN leads at 26. 3% versus -54. 4% for FMC. At the gross margin level — before operating expenses — CTVA leads at 43. 6%, reflecting greater pricing power or product mix advantage. Stronger margins indicate durable pricing power, lower cost of revenue, or higher mix of software/services. They are one of the clearest signs of business quality.

The PEG ratio (forward P/E divided by expected earnings growth rate) is the most precise measure of undervaluation relative to growth potential.

By this metric, Linde plc (LIN) is the more undervalued stock at a PEG of 1. 09x versus Corteva, Inc. 's 1. 81x. A PEG below 1. 5 suggests fair-to-attractive pricing relative to expected growth. On forward earnings alone, FMC Corporation (FMC) trades at 7. 7x forward P/E versus 27. 7x for Linde plc — 19. 9x cheaper on a one-year earnings basis. Analyst consensus price targets imply the most upside for FMC: 13. 9% to $15. 58.

All stocks in this comparison pay dividends.

FMC Corporation (FMC) offers the highest yield at 17. 0%, versus 0. 9% for Corteva, Inc. (CTVA).

For long-horizon retirement investors, Linde plc (LIN) is the stronger choice — it scores higher on the combination of lower volatility, dividend reliability, and long-term compounding (low volatility (β 0.

24), 1. 2% yield, +375. 2% 10Y return). FMC Corporation (FMC) carries a higher beta of 1. 63 — meaning larger drawdowns in market downturns, which matters significantly when you cannot wait years for a recovery. Both have compounded well over 10 years (LIN: +375. 2%, FMC: -26. 8%), confirming both are viable long-term holds — but the lower-volatility option typically results in less emotional selling during corrections. Retirement portfolios generally favour predictability over maximum returns. Consult a financial advisor before making allocation decisions.

Both stocks operate in the Basic Materials sector, making this a peer-level intra-sector comparison — the same macro tailwinds and headwinds will affect both.

In terms of investment character: CTVA is a mid-cap quality compounder stock; LIN is a large-cap quality compounder stock; APD is a mid-cap quality compounder stock; FMC is a small-cap income-oriented stock. These fundamental differences mean investors should not choose between them on a single metric — the "better stock" depends entirely on which of these characteristics aligns with your investment strategy.