Cash conversion efficiency is highly erratic, evidenced by an operating cash flow to net income ratio that swung from -6.22 in 2024Q1 to 4.34 in 2025Q4.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 21.57M | 18.23M | 11.98M | 28.9M | 2.89M | 5.14M | 5.72M | 14.7M | 4.48M | 4.81M | 8.86M | 1.08M | 4.65M | 6.48M | -1.27M | 2.06M | -1.14M | 6.58M | 3.27M | 2.71M | -823.39K | -438.61K | 4.31M | 1.75M | 1.64M | 2.05M | 506.69K | 495.44K | 600K | -3.4M | 6.2M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 9.28% | 6.16% | 15.09% | 1.49% | 2.82% | 3.49% | 10.32% | 3.26% | 3.69% | 7.11% | 0.98% | 4.34% | 7.23% | -1.51% | 2.81% | -1.8% | 11.13% | 4.75% | 4.28% | -1.45% | -0.88% | 9.94% | 5.01% | 5.32% | 5.67% | 1.47% | 1.43% | 1.64% | -7.34% | 13.05% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 99.56% | 52.23% | -58.56% | 899.38% | -43.75% | -10.15% | -61.09% | 228.52% | -6.98% | -45.68% | 720.31% | -76.77% | -28.21% | 608.83% | -161.69% | 281.75% | -117.25% | 101.54% | 20.69% | 428.62% | -87.73% | -110.17% | 145.96% | 6.72% | -19.87% | 304.47% | 2.27% | -17.43% | 117.65% | -154.84% | 588.89% |
| Net Income | 8.53M | 10.18B | 10.02M | 17.79M | 3.03M | 13.66M | 8.1M | 5.51M | 4.6M | 4.05M | 5.85M | 4.79M | 4.79M | 4M | 3.55M | 2.81M | 2.57M | 2.84M | 4.47M | 4.02M | 3.89M | 2.94M | 3.24M | 1.22M | 659.49K | 1.28M | 1.06M | 2.17M | -1.7M | 200K | -3.2M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 6.35B | 6.35B | 0 | 5.07M | 4.58M | 4.05M | 3.75M | 3.43M | 3.23M | 2.89M | 2.42M | 2.05M | 1.7M | 1.2M | 1.09M | 978.84K | 870.16K | 917.89K | 1.01M | 871.25K | 835.13K | 652.77K | 522.35K | 458.05K | 562.49K | 724.01K | 748.94K | 979.71K | 1.2M | 1.1M | 1.3M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 1.99B | 1.99B | 0 | 1.94M | 1.8M | 1.81M | 1.26M | 968.47K | 869.05K | 684.35K | 440.54K | 513.99K | 561.86K | 490.06K | 427.88K | 428.44K | 385.73K | 308.34K | 277.58K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 2.22B | 2.22B | 0 | 594.06K | -294K | 489.06K | 60.94K | 162.64K | 396.23K | 660.7K | 100.53K | -201.55K | 207.02K | 94.01K | -34.86K | -185.16K | -348.71K | -280.19K | -213.35K | 104.86K | 442.03K | -462.62K | -56.96K | 540.6K | -548.47K | 349.96K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -20.73B | -20.72B | 9.24M | -9.45M | 377.45K | -3.35M | 1.39M | 309.35K | 11.17M | 9.82M | -2 | 0 | -200K | 0 | 427.88K | 0 | -100K | -457.38K | -251.06K | 353.68K | 358.53K | 390.97K | 59.16K | -174.53K | 0 | -140.65K | 374.77K | -1.86M | 100K | -900K | -100K |
| Working Capital Changes | 4.2M | -2.86M | -7.28M | 12.95M | -6.61M | -11.51M | -8.84M | 4.32M | -4.62M | -3.48M | 43.4K | -6.08M | -2.41M | 683.61K | -6.3M | -1.97M | -4.52M | 3.25M | -2.02M | -2.65M | -6.35M | -3.96M | 547.89K | -293.33K | 650.11K | -164.34K | -1.68M | -792.54K | 1.1M | -3.8M | 8.1M |
| Change in Receivables | 1.91M | -592.82K | -2.46M | 6.33M | 1.84M | -7.23M | -2.03M | -784.56K | 807.99K | -5.23M | 499.94K | -16.95K | -1.73M | 785.95K | -3.56M | -76.02K | -1.64M | 49.44K | 1.84M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -2.07M | -3.07M | -329.9K | 3.65M | -9.61M | -3.21M | -10.05M | 2.09M | -1.58M | -1.85M | -1.48M | -2.6M | -4.39M | 2.06M | -5.31M | -1.13M | -5.02M | 4.67M | -3.47M | -2.65M | -2.94M | -4.25M | -64.95K | -1.02M | 2.1M | 1.22M | -1.71M | 1.65M | 800K | -4M | 5.4M |
| Change in Payables | 749.28K | -1.06M | -2.98M | 1.55M | 1.91M | 1.5M | 460.18K | -1.53M | -3.07M | 3.73M | 610.5K | -1.07M | 1.88M | -1.75M | 1.48M | -1.03M | 2.21M | -149.34K | -854.45K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -10.95M | -12.3M | -12.94M | 7.43M | -14.23M | -6.37M | -13.95M | -1.68M | -3.23M | -14.38M | -8.81M | -1.91M | -15.19M | -2.97M | -2.29M | -4.17M | -1.05M | -699.18K | -1.04M | -1.51M | -694.66K | -1.52M | -728.42K | -289.96K | -539.71K | 306.48K | -145.65K | 8.08M | -1.2M | 400K | -2.9M |
| Capital Expenditures | -10.66B | -10.65B | -7.15M | -4.67M | -4.3M | -6.37M | -2.57M | -1.68M | -3.23M | -7.15M | -1.84M | -1.92M | -2.16M | -4.69M | -814.57K | -1.04M | -1.05M | -699.18K | -1.04M | -1.51M | -707.51K | -1.43M | -443.33K | -540.15K | -598.3K | -308.06K | -456.82K | -459.71K | -1.6M | -1.8M | -1.1M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 7076% | 5419.66% | 3.68% | 2.44% | 2.22% | 3.5% | 1.57% | 1.18% | 2.35% | 5.47% | 1.48% | 1.75% | 2.02% | 5.24% | 0.97% | 1.42% | 1.67% | 1.18% | 1.51% | 2.4% | 1.24% | 2.86% | 1.02% | 1.54% | 1.94% | 0.85% | 1.33% | 1.33% | 4.38% | 3.89% | 2.32% |
| Acquisitions | -1.65M | -1.65M | -5.79M | 12.4M | -9.62M | 0 | -11.38M | 0 | 0 | -7.23M | -6.97M | 4.98K | -13.81M | 0 | -1.47M | -3.13M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.16M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 10.65B | 10.64B | 0 | -301.74K | -300K | 0 | 0 | 0 | -379.92K | -11.23B | -29.37K | 4.98K | 773.1K | 1.73M | -1.61M | -3.23B | -117.41M | -132.24M | 0 | 0 | 12.85K | -92.42K | -285.09K | 250.2K | 58.6K | 139.99K | 311.18K | 384.43K | 400K | 2.2M | -1.8M |
| Cash from Financing | -10.57M | -8.88M | 2M | -38.44M | 14.28M | 2.04M | 5.29M | -10.61M | -6.05M | 12.91M | 3.47M | 1.14M | 1.31M | -1.61M | 5.39M | 3.43M | 2.31M | -4.92M | -1.37M | -688.8K | 4.31M | 1.06M | -3.17M | -666.64K | -682.47K | -2.11M | -339.41K | -8.47M | 700K | 2.5M | -3.5M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -8.92M | -6.2M | 4.06M | -37.25M | 16.45M | 2.56M | 8.77M | -7.31M | -3.43M | 14.49M | 7.02M | 1.77M | 1.24M | -1.41M | 6.75M | 4.05M | 4.37M | -2.56M | 1.57M | -37K | 4.63M | 4.16M | -3.47M | -197.25K | -567.75K | -1.8M | -112K | -8.4M | 700K | 2.4M | -3.6M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 697.53K | 697.53K | 1.62M | 1.45M | 84.72K | 1.62M | -228.23K | 0 | -365.15K | 649.23K | -512.56K | -679.7K | 0 | 529.18K | -267.02K | 153.53K | -1.4M | -1.69M | -2.34M | -122K | 108.75K | -2.72M | 441.38K | -469.38K | -125.93K | -289K | 3K | 0 | 0 | 200K | 200K |
| Dividends Paid | -1.78M | -2.34M | -2.22M | -1.99M | -1.9M | -1.79M | -1.6M | -1.61M | -1.48M | -1.41M | -1.33M | -1.2M | -1.06M | -728.39K | -1.09M | -771.58K | -655.83K | -662.55K | -594.63K | -529.33K | -428.93K | -380.98K | -143.01K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.47M | -286.99K | 0 | -365.15K | 0 | -907.09K | -679.7K | 0 | 0 | -438.9K | -133.74K | -1.57M | -1.74M | -2.48M | -491K | 0 | -3.56M | -252.8K | -470.25K | -214.71K | -289K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -572.89K | -1.04M | -1.46M | -655.42K | -351.62K | -342.29K | -1.64M | -1.69M | -768.08K | -823.53K | -1.71M | 1.25M | 1.14M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.21K | -27.52K | -230.41K | -72.28K | 0 | -100K | -100K |
| Net Change in Cash | 149.98K | -2.8M | 852.74K | -2.05M | 2.76M | 675.97K | -2.65M | 2.41M | -4.93M | 3.43M | 3.48M | 140.23K | -9.36M | 1.89M | 1.9M | 1.25M | 82.35K | 1.29M | 236.57K | 1.15M | 2.76M | -812.02K | 539.75K | 792.97K | 426.13K | 150.03K | -66.96K | 48.66K | 700K | 2.5M | -100K |
| Free Cash Flow | 12.27M | 7.58M | 4.83M | 23.92M | -1.71M | -1.23M | 3.15M | 13.02M | 1.24M | -2.34M | 7.02M | -838.87K | 2.49M | 1.78M | -2.09M | 1.02M | -2.19M | 5.88M | 2.23M | 1.19M | -1.53M | -1.87M | 3.87M | 1.21M | 1.04M | 1.74M | 49.87K | 35.74K | -1M | -5.2M | 5.1M |
| FCF Margin % | 8.14% | 3.86% | 2.48% | 12.49% | -0.88% | -0.68% | 1.92% | 9.14% | 0.91% | -1.79% | 5.63% | -0.76% | 2.32% | 1.99% | -2.47% | 1.39% | -3.47% | 9.94% | 3.24% | 1.89% | -2.69% | -3.74% | 8.92% | 3.47% | 3.38% | 4.81% | 0.14% | 0.1% | -2.74% | -11.23% | 10.74% |
| FCF Growth % | 2.95% | 57% | -79.83% | 1497% | -39% | -139.09% | -75.8% | 946.47% | 153.28% | -133.28% | 936.6% | -133.71% | 39.69% | 185.35% | -304.53% | 146.61% | -137.22% | 164.03% | 86.87% | 177.87% | 18.1% | -148.33% | 218.98% | 16.14% | -40.05% | 3392.01% | 39.54% | 103.57% | 80.77% | -201.96% | 5200% |
| FCF per Share | 2.95 | 1.85 | 1.18 | 6.54 | -0.46 | -0.31 | 0.90 | 3.77 | 0.35 | -0.63 | 1.96 | -0.23 | 0.71 | 0.54 | -0.67 | 0.33 | -0.69 | 1.75 | 0.62 | 0.32 | -0.41 | -0.50 | 1.02 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.49 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.29 | -1.55 | 1.56 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.44x | 1.79x | 1.19x | 1.62x | 0.95x | 0.38x | 0.71x | 2.67x | 0.97x | 1.19x | 1.51x | 0.23x | 0.97x | 1.62x | -0.36x | 0.73x | -0.44x | 2.32x | 0.73x | 0.67x | -0.21x | -0.15x | 1.33x | 1.43x | 2.49x | 1.60x | 0.48x | 0.23x | -0.35x | -17.00x | -1.94x |
| Interest Paid | 1.2M | 1.57M | 1.9M | 3.18M | 2.12M | 908.78K | 930.36K | 1.86M | 1.86M | 1.26M | 841.63K | 563.84K | 489.35K | 505.23K | 436.08K | 390.42K | 278.17K | 165.09K | 495.11K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 475.72K | 560.72K | 2.25M | 5.77M | 978.38K | 875K | 755.34K | 422.34K | 887.59K | 1.57M | 1.78M | 2.41M | 1.42M | 1.82M | 1.02M | 129.04K | 464.58K | 1.33M | 1.7M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volatile working capital cycles
As reported in financial statements, ACU's operating cash flow to net income ratio has fluctuated wildly, ranging from a negative 6.22 in 2024Q1 to a positive 4.34 in 2025Q4, suggesting that reported net income is a poor proxy for the company's actual cash-generating capability.
The extreme variance in the OCF/NI ratio indicates that accruals and non-cash adjustments are significantly distorting the bottom line. Investors should monitor whether this volatility stems from seasonal inventory builds or inconsistent collection cycles, as it complicates the assessment of true underlying profitability.
Based on the provided quarterly data, ACU's free cash flow trajectory remains highly erratic, with margins swinging from a negative 26.2% in 2024Q1 to a peak of 15.6% in 2024Q3, highlighting a lack of predictable cash conversion across the company's diverse product segments.
The inability to maintain positive free cash flow consistently suggests that the business model may be sensitive to timing differences in procurement and sales. This inconsistency warrants further investigation into whether the company's cash flow profile is structurally tied to the lumpy nature of its safety segment replenishment cycles.
According to recent SEC filings, ACU's working capital changes have been highly unpredictable, oscillating between a $7.1M outflow in 2025Q1 and a $4.1M inflow in 2024Q3, which suggests that the company struggles to manage its inventory and receivables in alignment with its sales volume.
The frequent swings in working capital indicate potential inefficiencies in inventory management or aggressive credit terms offered to retail partners. Such fluctuations may imply that the company is forced to absorb significant cash hits to maintain its shelf space, which could be a drag on long-term liquidity.
As reported in financial statements, ACU's capital expenditure reached an anomalous 224.1% of revenue in 2025Q4, a massive deviation from the typical low-single-digit intensity, suggesting that either a major infrastructure investment occurred or the reported data reflects a significant non-recurring accounting adjustment.
This extreme spike in capital intensity is difficult to reconcile with the company's stagnant revenue growth and warrants immediate clarification. If this represents growth-oriented capex, it has yet to translate into meaningful top-line expansion, raising questions about the return on invested capital for these specific outlays.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying ACU stock.
Acme United Corporation (ACU) generated $18.2M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Acme United Corporation (ACU) generated $7.6M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Acme United Corporation (ACU) spent $10.65B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Acme United Corporation (ACU) returned $2.3M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.