StealthGas Inc. (GASS) fundamental analysis — strengths, weaknesses & financial health based on data analysis
* These insights are generated automatically based on available financial data. Please conduct your own research before making investment decisions.
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) stock price & volume — 10-year historical chart
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) revenue, earnings & EPS growth — 3, 5 & 10-year CAGR
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) EPS & revenue vs analyst estimates — last 4 quarters
| Quarter | Date | EPS (Act vs Est) | Revenue (Act vs Est) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q2 2026Latest | Mar 2, 2026 | $0.36vs $0.32+12.5% | $39Mvs $40M-1.1% |
| Q4 2025 | Nov 25, 2025 | $0.39vs $0.31+25.8% | $45Mvs $40M+12.4% |
| Q3 2025 | Aug 25, 2025 | $0.59vs $0.30+96.7% | $47Mvs $44M+8.6% |
| Q2 2025 | May 28, 2025 | $0.44vs $0.33+33.3% | $42Mvs $40M+6.4% |
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) competitors in Gas Carriers (LNG and LPG) — business model, growth, and fundamentals comparison
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) vs competitors — business, growth, and fundamentals comparison against the closest industry rivals.
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) annual income statement — 10-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 154.31M | 164.33M | 144.26M | 145M | 150.2M | 152.76M | 143.53M | 167.26M | 173.16M |
| Revenue Growth % | 7.06% | 6.49% | -12.21% | 0.52% | 3.59% | 1.7% | -6.04% | 16.54% | 3.53% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 82.19M | 90.89M | 73.94M | 71.31M | 89M | 80.08M | 92.68M | 92.88M | 105.3M |
| COGS % of Revenue | 53.26% | 55.31% | 51.25% | 49.18% | 59.26% | 52.42% | 64.57% | 55.53% | 60.81% |
| Gross Profit | 72.12M▲ 0% | 73.44M▲ 1.8% | 70.32M▼ 4.2% | 73.69M▲ 4.8% | 61.2M▼ 16.9% | 72.68M▲ 18.8% | 50.85M▼ 30.0% | 74.38M▲ 46.3% | 67.86M▼ 8.8% |
| Gross Margin % | 46.74% | 44.69% | 48.75% | 50.82% | 40.74% | 47.58% | 35.43% | 44.47% | 39.19% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 15.86% | 1.83% | -4.25% | 4.79% | -16.95% | 18.76% | -30.04% | 46.27% | -8.76% |
| Operating Expenses | 57.74M | 63.28M | 48.01M | 47.98M | 84.58M | 28.8M | 9.86M | 14.57M | 12.78M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 37.42% | 38.51% | 33.28% | 33.09% | 56.31% | 18.85% | 6.87% | 8.71% | 7.38% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 10.1M | 10.07M | 9.44M | 7.9M | 10.17M | 8.65M | 9.86M | 14.57M | 12.78M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 6.55% | 6.13% | 6.54% | 5.45% | 6.77% | 5.66% | 6.87% | 8.71% | 7.38% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | -16.72M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating Income | 22.04M▲ 0% | 22.06M▲ 0.1% | 23.19M▲ 5.1% | 28.33M▲ 22.2% | 13.91M▼ 50.9% | 36.22M▲ 160.5% | 40.99M▲ 13.2% | 59.86M▲ 46.0% | 55.08M▼ 8.0% |
| Operating Margin % | 14.28% | 13.42% | 16.07% | 19.54% | 9.26% | 23.71% | 28.56% | 35.79% | 31.81% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 73.54% | 0.09% | 5.13% | 22.19% | -50.92% | 160.49% | 13.16% | 46.03% | -7.98% |
| EBITDA | 60.96M | 63.32M | 62.46M | 66.26M | 51.12M | 64.14M | 64.7M | 86.03M | 80.34M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 39.5% | 38.53% | 43.29% | 45.7% | 34.03% | 41.99% | 45.08% | 51.44% | 46.39% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 17.69% | 3.87% | -1.36% | 6.1% | -22.85% | 25.47% | 0.87% | 32.98% | -6.62% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 38.92M | 41.26M | 39.27M | 37.93M | 37.22M | 27.92M | 23.71M | 26.18M | 25.25M |
| EBIT | 15.44M | 11.01M | 22.58M | 23.4M | -30.77M | 35.47M | 49.58M | 59.81M | 55.08M |
| Net Interest Income | -16.34M | -22.7M | -20.13M | -13.96M | -12.65M | -10.98M | -6.24M | -5.65M | 711.72K |
| Interest Income | 322.87K | 587.48K | 846.27K | 167.79K | 26.38K | 1.1M | 3.71M | 3.42M | 2.95M |
| Interest Expense | 16.66M | 23.29M | 20.98M | 14.13M | 12.68M | 12.08M | 9.96M | 9.06M | 2.24M |
| Other Income/Expense | -23.26M | -34.33M | -21.1M | -16.35M | -49.03M | -1.97M | 10.95M | 10.01M | 5.57M |
| Pretax Income | -1.22M▲ 0% | -12.28M▼ 907.7% | 2.09M▲ 117.0% | 11.98M▲ 472.6% | -35.12M▼ 393.1% | 34.25M▲ 197.5% | 51.94M▲ 51.6% | 69.86M▲ 34.5% | 60.65M▼ 13.2% |
| Pretax Margin % | -0.79% | -7.47% | 1.45% | 8.27% | -23.38% | 22.42% | 36.19% | 41.77% | 35.02% |
| Income Tax | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Net Income | -1.22M▲ 0% | -12.28M▼ 907.7% | 2.09M▲ 117.0% | 11.98M▲ 472.6% | -35.12M▼ 393.1% | 34.25M▲ 197.5% | 51.94M▲ 51.6% | 69.86M▲ 34.5% | 60.65M▼ 13.2% |
| Net Margin % | -0.79% | -7.47% | 1.45% | 8.27% | -23.38% | 22.42% | 36.19% | 41.77% | 35.02% |
| Net Income Growth % | 84.38% | -907.73% | 117.05% | 472.56% | -393.07% | 197.52% | 51.63% | 34.51% | -13.19% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -1.22M | -12.28M | 2.09M | 11.98M | -35.12M | 34.25M | 51.94M | 69.86M | 60.65M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.03▲ 0% | -0.31▼ 913.1% | 0.05▲ 116.9% | 0.31▲ 491.6% | -0.93▼ 400.0% | 0.90▲ 196.8% | 1.37▲ 52.2% | 1.90▲ 38.7% | 1.69▼ 11.1% |
| EPS Growth % | 84.7% | -913.07% | 116.9% | 491.6% | -400% | 196.77% | 52.22% | 38.69% | -11.05% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.03 | -0.31 | 0.05 | 0.31 | -0.93 | 0.90 | 1.38 | 1.90 | 1.69 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 39.81M | 39.86M | 39.8M | 38.36M | 37.86M | 37.96M | 37.24M | 35.33M | 35.88M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 39.81M | 39.6M | 39.8M | 38.36M | 37.86M | 37.96M | 37.17M | 35.24M | 35.88M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) balance sheet — assets, liabilities & shareholders' equity
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 62.84M | 138.87M | 77.93M | 48.05M | 51.71M | 104.73M | 120.82M | 92.07M | 196.53M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 51.75M | 64.5M | 68.47M | 38.24M | 31.3M | 82.27M | 77.2M | 80.65M | 99.08M |
| Cash Only | 51.75M | 64.5M | 68.47M | 38.24M | 31.3M | 55.77M | 77.2M | 80.65M | 99.08M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 3.87M | 2.89M | 4.53M | 3.72M | 2.24M | 4.81M | 4.56M | 6.21M | 69.44M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 9.15 | 6.42 | 11.46 | 9.37 | 5.45 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 13.56 | 146.37 |
| Inventory | 2.76M | 2.35M | 2.45M | 3.69M | 2.77M | 3.06M | 1.98M | 3.89M | 1.9M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | 12.27 | 9.42 | 12.08 | 18.87 | 11.37 | 13.97 | 7.8 | 15.29 | 6.59 |
| Other Current Assets | 3.23M | 68.04M | 1.74M | 1.62M | 14.75M | 13.9M | 35.67M | 580.87K | 24.97M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 933.39M | 897.86M | 875.5M | 895.95M | 746.96M | 716.81M | 576.39M | 640.17M | 515.16M |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 923.64M | 884.75M | 838.61M | 838.87M | 681.44M | 651.88M | 504.39M | 608.21M | 491.52M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 0.17x | 0.19x | 0.17x | 0.17x | 0.22x | 0.23x | 0.28x | 0.28x | 0.35x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intangible Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Long-Term Investments | 8.81M | 13.11M | 24.5M | 43.18M | 53.32M | 46.63M | 41.53M | 27.72M | 23.64M |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 941.76K | 0 | 12.39M | 13.9M | 12.2M | 18.3M | 30.46M | 4.24M | 0 |
| Total Assets | 996.23M▲ 0% | 1.04B▲ 4.1% | 953.44M▼ 8.0% | 944.01M▼ 1.0% | 798.67M▼ 15.4% | 821.53M▲ 2.9% | 697.21M▼ 15.1% | 732.24M▲ 5.0% | 711.69M▼ 2.8% |
| Asset Turnover | 0.15x | 0.16x | 0.15x | 0.15x | 0.19x | 0.19x | 0.21x | 0.23x | 0.24x |
| Asset Growth % | -0.57% | 4.06% | -8.03% | -0.99% | -15.4% | 2.86% | -15.13% | 5.02% | -2.81% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 78.75M | 103.49M | 66.38M | 63.06M | 58.71M | 56.56M | 38.67M | 43.94M | 21.14M |
| Accounts Payable | 10.51M | 10.35M | 9.03M | 9.97M | 8.59M | 11.84M | 9.95M | 10.99M | 9.88M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 46.67 | 41.56 | 44.59 | 51.05 | 35.24 | 53.96 | 39.2 | 43.2 | 34.25 |
| Short-Term Debt | 41.97M | 41.73M | 40.74M | 40.55M | 31.84M | 30.08M | 16.62M | 23.33M | 104.8K |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 6.18M | 6.53M | 3.81M | 3.96M | 5.67M | 6.37M | 5.39M | 0 | 5.67M |
| Other Current Liabilities | 14.21M | 30.08M | 37.57K | 141.45K | 7.17M | 1.34M | 0 | 4.69M | 5.49M |
| Current Ratio | 0.80x | 1.34x | 1.17x | 0.76x | 0.88x | 1.85x | 3.12x | 2.10x | 9.30x |
| Quick Ratio | 0.76x | 1.32x | 1.14x | 0.70x | 0.83x | 1.80x | 3.07x | 2.01x | 9.21x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | -25.25 | -25.72 | -21.04 | -22.81 | -18.41 | -28.49 | -19.8 | -14.36 | 118.71 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 344M | 371.98M | 327.87M | 316.35M | 265.19M | 247.05M | 108.88M | 61.77M | 222.6K |
| Long-Term Debt | 342.94M | 371.51M | 325.25M | 311.25M | 261.96M | 247.03M | 106.92M | 61.56M | 0 |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28.21K | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 1.05M | 465.39K | 2.62M | 5.1M | 3.15M | 0 | 0 | 213.56K | 0 |
| Total Liabilities | 422.75M | 475.47M | 394.25M | 379.41M | 323.9M | 303.61M | 147.55M | 105.71M | 21.36M |
| Total Debt | 384.91M | 413.24M | 366.46M | 351.8M | 293.9M | 277.11M | 123.64M | 84.89M | 104.8K |
| Net Debt | 333.15M | 348.74M | 297.99M | 313.55M | 262.6M | 221.34M | 46.44M | 4.24M | -98.97M |
| Debt / Equity | 0.67x | 0.74x | 0.66x | 0.62x | 0.62x | 0.54x | 0.22x | 0.14x | 0.00x |
| Debt / EBITDA | 6.31x | 6.53x | 5.87x | 5.31x | 5.75x | 4.32x | 1.91x | 0.99x | 0.00x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 5.47x | 5.51x | 4.77x | 4.73x | 5.14x | 3.45x | 0.72x | 0.05x | -1.23x |
| Interest Coverage | 1.32x | 0.95x | 1.11x | 2.01x | 1.10x | 3.00x | 4.12x | 6.60x | 24.57x |
| Total Equity | 573.48M▲ 0% | 561.25M▼ 2.1% | 559.19M▼ 0.4% | 564.6M▲ 1.0% | 474.77M▼ 15.9% | 517.93M▲ 9.1% | 549.66M▲ 6.1% | 626.53M▲ 14.0% | 690.33M▲ 10.2% |
| Equity Growth % | -0.09% | -2.13% | -0.37% | 0.97% | -15.91% | 9.09% | 6.13% | 13.98% | 10.18% |
| Book Value per Share | 14.41 | 14.08 | 14.05 | 14.72 | 12.54 | 13.64 | 14.76 | 17.73 | 19.24 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 573.48M | 561.25M | 559.19M | 564.6M | 474.77M | 517.93M | 549.66M | 626.53M | 690.33M |
| Common Stock | 442.85K | 445.5K | 445.5K | 431.84K | 435.27K | 435.27K | 453.43K | 370.41K | 371.86K |
| Retained Earnings | 93.47M | 80.85M | 82.94M | 94.93M | 59.8M | 94.06M | 145.99M | 215.86M | 276.5M |
| Treasury Stock | -22.52M | -22.52M | -24.36M | -25.37M | -25.37M | -25.37M | -44.45M | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | 617.89K | 673.98K | -2.26M | -4.95M | -3.1M | 5.19M | 731.81K | 387.61K | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) cash flow — operating, investing & free cash flow history
| Line item | Dec'17 | Dec'18 | Dec'19 | Dec'20 | Dec'21 | Dec'22 | Dec'23 | Dec'24 | Dec'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 52.35M | 37.81M | 30.82M | 52.11M | 41.04M | 66.56M | 77.44M | 103.5M | 85.18M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 33.93% | 23.01% | 21.36% | 35.94% | 27.32% | 43.57% | 53.95% | 61.88% | 49.19% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 44.81% | -27.78% | -18.49% | 69.1% | -21.25% | 62.19% | 16.34% | 33.65% | -17.7% |
| Net Income | -1.22M | -12.28M | 2.09M | 11.98M | -35.12M | 34.25M | 51.94M | 69.86M | 60.65M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 38.92M | 41.26M | 39.27M | 37.93M | 37.22M | 27.92M | 23.71M | 26.89M | 25.25M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 129.25K | 338.36K | 611.64K | 0 | 610.79K | 610.79K | 2.59M | 7.33M | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 6.51M | 12.09M | 1.1M | 0 | 36.35M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 495.8K | 668.5K | 885.19K | 2.94M | 1.16M | 1.09M | -321.75K | 3.86M | 3.58M |
| Working Capital Changes | 7.51M | -4.27M | -13.14M | -741.59K | 824.19K | 2.69M | -472.07K | -4.44M | -4.3M |
| Change in Receivables | -179.04K | 531.8K | -1.51M | 874.83K | -977K | -2.68M | 238.63K | -1.97M | -5.48M |
| Change in Inventory | 46.82K | -302.87K | 617.47K | -1.24M | 644.08K | -819.07K | 1.37M | -1.67M | 2.15M |
| Change in Payables | 1.3M | 381.94K | -1.32M | 761.19K | 262.57K | 3.33M | -1.81M | 0 | -1.68M |
| Cash from Investing | -48.91M | -78.55M | 34.24M | -58.07M | -19.25M | -17.26M | 111.34M | -64.48M | 16.68M |
| Capital Expenditures | -60.61M | -108.3M | -2.99M | -48.12M | -25.22M | -24.23M | -85.2K | -106.17M | -412.43K |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 39.28% | 65.9% | 2.07% | 33.19% | 16.79% | 15.86% | 0.06% | 63.47% | 0.24% |
| Acquisitions | 11.48M | 29.74M | 17.51M | -15.22M | -1.82M | 8.07M | 4.69M | 0 | 17.1M |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 11.7M | 29.74M | 23.67M | 20.48M | 9.61M | 17.34M | 80.24M | 41.69M | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | -14.07M | 57.27M | -62.37M | -23.12M | -29.13M | -25.85M | -174.18M | -38.25M | -87.31M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -13.25M | 59M | -63.89M | -14.7M | -22.36M | -24.18M | -154.87M | -38.24M | -85.88M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 0 | 0 | -1000K | -1000K | 0 | 0 | -1000K | -338K | -1000K |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | -1.84M | -3.88M | 0 | 0 | -19.08M | -338K | -1.78M |
| Other Financing | -815.26K | -1.72M | 4.11M | -4.54M | -6.77M | -1.67M | -228.82K | 322.24K | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -10.63M▲ 0% | 16.53M▲ 255.5% | 2.69M▼ 83.7% | -29.08M▼ 1181.3% | -7.34M▲ 74.8% | 23.45M▲ 419.6% | 14.6M▼ 37.7% | 765.45K▼ 94.8% | 18.42M▲ 2307.0% |
| Free Cash Flow | -8.26M▲ 0% | -70.49M▼ 753.5% | 27.83M▲ 139.5% | 3.99M▼ 85.7% | 15.81M▲ 296.2% | 42.33M▲ 167.7% | 77.36M▲ 82.7% | -2.67M▼ 103.5% | 84.77M▲ 3276.1% |
| FCF Margin % | -5.35% | -42.89% | 19.29% | 2.75% | 10.53% | 27.71% | 53.9% | -1.6% | 48.95% |
| FCF Growth % | 58.83% | -753.47% | 139.48% | -85.66% | 296.17% | 167.68% | 82.74% | -103.45% | 3276.11% |
| FCF per Share | -0.21 | -1.77 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 1.12 | 2.08 | -0.08 | 2.36 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -42.98x | -3.08x | 14.72x | 4.35x | -1.17x | 1.94x | 1.49x | 1.48x | 1.40x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) financial ratios — P/E, ROE, debt and 30+ core market and balance-sheet ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -1.35% | -0.21% | -2.16% | 0.37% | 2.13% | -6.76% | 6.9% | 9.73% | 11.88% | 9.21% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 1.05% | 1.82% | 1.82% | 1.97% | 2.45% | 1.29% | 3.68% | 4.6% | 7.32% | 6.76% |
| Gross Margin | 43.19% | 46.74% | 44.69% | 48.75% | 50.82% | 40.74% | 47.58% | 35.43% | 44.47% | 39.19% |
| Net Margin | -5.41% | -0.79% | -7.47% | 1.45% | 8.27% | -23.38% | 22.42% | 36.19% | 41.77% | 35.02% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.69x | 0.67x | 0.74x | 0.66x | 0.62x | 0.62x | 0.54x | 0.22x | 0.14x | 0.00x |
| Interest Coverage | 0.89x | 1.32x | 0.95x | 1.11x | 2.01x | 1.10x | 3.00x | 4.12x | 6.60x | 24.57x |
| FCF Conversion | -4.64x | -42.98x | -3.08x | 14.72x | 4.35x | -1.17x | 1.94x | 1.49x | 1.48x | 1.40x |
| Revenue Growth | 1.99% | 7.06% | 6.49% | -12.21% | 0.52% | 3.59% | 1.7% | -6.04% | 16.54% | 3.53% |
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) stock FAQ — growth, dividends, profitability & financials explained
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) reported $173.2M in revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 11797% increase from $1.5M in 2004.
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) grew revenue by 3.5% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Yes, StealthGas Inc. (GASS) is profitable, generating $60.6M in net income for fiscal year 2025 (35.0% net margin).
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) has a return on equity (ROE) of 9.2%. This is below average, suggesting room for improvement.
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) generated $84.3M in free cash flow for fiscal year 2025. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.
StealthGas Inc. (GASS) financial analysis — history, returns, DCA and operating performance tools
Historical returns with dividends reinvested
Dollar cost averaging vs lump sum
Yield, growth, payout safety & DRIP
EPS trends, net income & profitability
Long-term charts & historical price data
Sales growth patterns & revenue breakdown
30 years of market, efficiency and balance-sheet ratios
DCF intrinsic value, peer multiples & estimates