JOBY vs CAT

For growth investors, Joby Aviation, Inc.

(JOBY) is the stronger pick with 391. 8% revenue growth year-over-year, versus 4. 3% for Caterpillar Inc. (CAT). Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) offers the better valuation at 52. 4x trailing P/E (40. 0x forward), making it the more compelling value choice. Analysts rate Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) a "Buy" — based on 53 analyst ratings — the highest consensus in this comparison. The "better buy" depends entirely on your goals: growth investors should weight revenue trajectory, value investors should weight P/E and PEG, and income investors should weight dividend yield and streak.

Over the past 5 years, Caterpillar Inc.

(CAT) delivered a total return of +384. 5%, compared to +0. 4% for Joby Aviation, Inc. (JOBY). Over 10 years, the gap is even starker: CAT returned +1247% versus JOBY's -4. 8%. Past returns do not guarantee future results, and the stock with the higher historical return may already have its best growth priced in.

By beta (market sensitivity over 5 years), Caterpillar Inc.

(CAT) is the lower-risk stock at 1. 64β versus Joby Aviation, Inc. 's 3. 24β — meaning JOBY is approximately 98% more volatile than CAT relative to the S&P 500. On balance sheet safety, Joby Aviation, Inc. (JOBY) carries a lower debt/equity ratio of 4% versus 2% for Caterpillar Inc. — giving it more financial flexibility in a downturn.

By revenue growth (latest reported year), Joby Aviation, Inc.

(JOBY) is pulling ahead at 391. 8% versus 4. 3% for Caterpillar Inc. (CAT). On earnings-per-share growth, the picture is similar: Caterpillar Inc. grew EPS -14. 6% year-over-year, compared to -29. 9% for Joby Aviation, Inc.. Higher growth typically commands a higher valuation multiple — check whether the premium P/E or P/S is justified by the growth rate using the PEG ratio.

Caterpillar Inc.

(CAT) is the more profitable company, earning 13. 1% net margin versus -1740. 5% for Joby Aviation, Inc. — meaning it keeps 13. 1% of every revenue dollar as bottom-line profit. Operating margin tells a similar story: CAT leads at 16. 6% versus -1346. 9% for JOBY. At the gross margin level — before operating expenses — CAT leads at 32. 3%, reflecting greater pricing power or product mix advantage. Stronger margins indicate durable pricing power, lower cost of revenue, or higher mix of software/services. They are one of the clearest signs of business quality.

Analyst consensus price targets imply the most upside for JOBY: 65.

0% to $16. 50.

In this comparison, CAT (0.

6% yield) pays a dividend. JOBY does not pay a meaningful dividend and should not be held primarily for income.

For long-horizon retirement investors, Caterpillar Inc.

(CAT) is the stronger choice — it scores higher on the combination of lower volatility, dividend reliability, and long-term compounding (0. 6% yield, +1247% 10Y return). Joby Aviation, Inc. (JOBY) carries a higher beta of 3. 24 — meaning larger drawdowns in market downturns, which matters significantly when you cannot wait years for a recovery. Both have compounded well over 10 years (CAT: +1247%, JOBY: -4. 8%), confirming both are viable long-term holds — but the lower-volatility option typically results in less emotional selling during corrections. Retirement portfolios generally favour predictability over maximum returns. Consult a financial advisor before making allocation decisions.

Both stocks operate in the Industrials sector, making this a peer-level intra-sector comparison — the same macro tailwinds and headwinds will affect both.

In terms of investment character: JOBY is a small-cap high-growth stock; CAT is a large-cap quality compounder stock. CAT pays a dividend while JOBY does not, making them suitable for different income and tax situations. These fundamental differences mean investors should not choose between them on a single metric — the "better stock" depends entirely on which of these characteristics aligns with your investment strategy.