| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CALIChina Auto Logistics Inc. | 50.59 | 51.10 | 4.64% | -0.26% | -5.43% | 2.55 | ||
| ANAutoNation, Inc. | 7.77B | 214.35 | 12.67 | -0.68% | 2.38% | 26.4% | 3.54 | |
| PAGPenske Automotive Group, Inc. | 10.83B | 164.39 | 11.96 | 3.14% | 3.08% | 16.48% | 7.49% | 1.58 |
| ABGAsbury Automotive Group, Inc. | 4.83B | 248.50 | 11.56 | 16.12% | 2.36% | 10.86% | 7.51% | 1.51 |
| LADLithia Motors, Inc. | 8.06B | 332.38 | 11.21 | 16.58% | 2.39% | 13.23% | 0.91% | 2.08 |
| GPIGroup 1 Automotive, Inc. | 4.79B | 397.10 | 10.81 | 11.53% | 1.67% | 12.33% | 7.13% | 1.76 |
| SAHSonic Automotive, Inc. | 1.43B | 64.36 | 10.41 | -1.03% | 0.86% | 12.19% | 3.89 | |
| CTNTCheetah Net Supply Chain Service Inc. | 3.16M | 1.16 | -0.44 | -98.81% | -11.38% | -46.68% | 0.20 |
| Nov 2007 | Dec 2008 | Dec 2009 | Dec 2010 | Dec 2011 | Dec 2012 | Dec 2013 | Dec 2014 | Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 14.21K | 189.74M | 215.2M | 257.7M | 452.1M | 591.32M | 459.24M | 402.27M | 446.34M | 467.06M |
| Revenue Growth % | - | 13355.12% | 0.13% | 0.2% | 0.75% | 0.31% | -0.22% | -0.12% | 0.11% | 0.05% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 8.2K | 181.07M | 205M | 243.6M | 436M | 580.06M | 452.38M | 397.83M | 442.94M | 464.1M |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.58% | 0.95% | 0.95% | 0.95% | 0.96% | 0.98% | 0.99% | 0.99% | 0.99% | 0.99% |
| Gross Profit | 6.01K | 8.67M | 10.2M | 14.1M | 16.1M | 11.26M | 6.86M | 4.44M | 3.4M | 2.96M |
| Gross Margin % | 0.42% | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | 1442.89% | 0.18% | 0.38% | 0.14% | -0.3% | -0.39% | -0.35% | -0.23% | -0.13% |
| Operating Expenses | 54.05K | 2.52M | 1.98M | 2.84M | 3.87M | 3.01M | 3.93M | 7.14M | 4.97M | 2.73M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 3.8% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 48.05K | 2.52M | 631.37M | 1.12B | 3.5M | 3.52M | 4.15M | 7.03M | 4.98M | 2.63M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 3.38% | 0.01% | 2.93% | 4.34% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 6K | 0 | -629.39M | -1.12B | 371.21K | -511K | -226K | 103.97K | -9.19K | 97.71K |
| Operating Income | -48.04K | 6.15M | 8.25M | 11.22M | 11.38M | 3.58M | 2.93M | -21.74M | -5.5M | 233.35K |
| Operating Margin % | -3.38% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.01% | -0.05% | -0.01% | 0% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 129.1% | 0.34% | 0.36% | 0.01% | -0.69% | -0.18% | -8.42% | 0.75% | 1.04% |
| EBITDA | -42.04K | 6.35M | 8.46M | 11.48M | 11.87M | 3.92M | 3.24M | -19.12M | -3.12M | 314.06K |
| EBITDA Margin % | -2.96% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.01% | -0.05% | -0.01% | 0% |
| EBITDA Growth % | - | 152.16% | 0.33% | 0.36% | 0.03% | -0.67% | -0.17% | -6.89% | 0.84% | 1.1% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 6K | 200.7K | 211.4K | 257.95K | 491.48K | 341.48K | 314.13K | 2.62M | 2.38M | 80.71K |
| EBIT | -48.04K | 6.24M | 206.41M | 155.54M | 11.54M | 4.19M | 2.68M | -27.27M | -2.65M | 2.23M |
| Net Interest Income | 0 | -209K | -198.29M | -144.38M | -80.52K | 214.28K | -16.09K | -89.46K | -6.33M | -2.32M |
| Interest Income | 0 | 85.1K | 10.78K | 58.71K | 63.92K | 230.92K | 515.21K | 909.9K | 327.66K | 541.07K |
| Interest Expense | 850 | 294.59K | 198.31M | 144.44M | 144.44K | 16.64K | 531.3K | 999.36K | 6.66M | 2.86M |
| Other Income/Expense | -850 | -209K | -151K | -121K | 22.91K | 594.52K | -779K | -6.53M | -3.81M | -863K |
| Pretax Income | -48.89K | 5.94M | 8.1M | 11.1M | 11.4M | 4.18M | 2.15M | -28.27M | -9.31M | -629K |
| Pretax Margin % | -3.44% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0% | -0.07% | -0.02% | -0% |
| Income Tax | 0 | 1.53M | 2.1M | 3M | 3.3M | 1.6M | 1.64M | -1.39M | 249.99K | 113.16K |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 1% | 0.67% | 0.68% | 0.72% | 0.7% | 0.61% | 0.24% | 0.95% | 1.29% | -6.33% |
| Net Income | -48.89K | 3.99M | 5.5M | 8M | 8M | 2.57M | 524.26K | -26.86M | -12.02M | 3.98M |
| Net Margin % | -3.44% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0% | 0% | -0.07% | -0.03% | 0.01% |
| Net Income Growth % | - | 82.55% | 0.38% | 0.45% | 0% | -0.68% | -0.8% | -52.24% | 0.55% | 1.33% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | -48.89K | 3.99M | 5.5M | 8M | 8M | 2.57M | 524.26K | -26.86M | -12.02M | 3.98M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | -0.30 | 1.89 | 1.82 | 2.63 | 2.33 | 0.69 | 0.14 | -6.66 | -2.98 | 0.99 |
| EPS Growth % | - | 7.3% | -0.04% | 0.45% | -0.11% | -0.7% | -0.8% | -48.57% | 0.55% | 1.33% |
| EPS (Basic) | -0.30 | 1.89 | 1.82 | 2.63 | 2.33 | 0.69 | 0.14 | -6.66 | -2.98 | 0.99 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 162.12K | 2.1M | 3.02M | 3.05M | 3.44M | 3.69M | 3.72M | 4.03M | 4.03M | 4.03M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 162.12K | 2.1M | 3.02M | 3.05M | 3.44M | 3.69M | 3.72M | 4.03M | 4.03M | 4.03M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nov 2007 | Dec 2008 | Dec 2009 | Dec 2010 | Dec 2011 | Dec 2012 | Dec 2013 | Dec 2014 | Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 15.44K | 40.43M | 51.22M | 95.99M | 195.33M | 165.86M | 167.29M | 206.94M | 226.39M | 160.22M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 7.44K | 1.6M | 2.26M | 17.73M | 8.18M | 8.89M | 15.04M | 7.79M | 7.12M | 3M |
| Cash Only | 7.44K | 1.6M | 2.26M | 17.73M | 8.18M | 8.89M | 15.04M | 7.79M | 7.12M | 3M |
| Short-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 2K | 8.16M | 9.87M | 39.29M | 94.75M | 59.06M | 69.11M | 102.24M | 82.48M | 121.09M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 51.39 | 15.69 | 16.74 | 55.65 | 76.49 | 36.46 | 54.93 | 92.76 | 67.44 | 94.63 |
| Inventory | 0 | 16.43M | 16.62M | 19.05M | 28.7M | 27.14M | 15.34M | 16.04M | 12.16M | 13.05M |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | - | 33.13 | 29.59 | 28.55 | 24.03 | 17.08 | 12.38 | 14.72 | 10.02 | 10.26 |
| Other Current Assets | 6K | 14.23M | 22.48M | 19.91M | 63.69M | 70.77M | 67.8M | 80.87M | 124.64M | 23.08M |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 14.65K | 626.26K | 487.93K | 6.81M | 5.84M | 337.69K | 94.26M | 71.57M | 61.83M | 347.61K |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 0 | 622.6K | 487.93K | 756.11K | 642.67K | 314.13K | 72.98M | 67.13M | 61.29M | 317.28K |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | - | 304.75x | 441.04x | 340.82x | 703.47x | 1882.41x | 6.29x | 5.99x | 7.28x | 1472.07x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.32M | 3.74M | 0 | 20.16M | 4.01M | 0 | 0 |
| Intangible Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.68M | 1.42M | 0 | 547.15K | 433.87K | 0 | 0 |
| Long-Term Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 577.9K | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 14.65K | 3.66K | 0 | 54.03K | 37.64K | 23.56K | 0 | 0 | 541.16K | 30.33K |
| Total Assets | 30.09K | 41.05M | 51.71M | 102.8M | 201.17M | 166.2M | 261.56M | 278.51M | 288.22M | 160.57M |
| Asset Turnover | 0.47x | 4.62x | 4.16x | 2.51x | 2.25x | 3.56x | 1.76x | 1.44x | 1.55x | 2.91x |
| Asset Growth % | - | 1363.14% | 0.26% | 0.99% | 0.96% | -0.17% | 0.57% | 0.06% | 0.03% | -0.44% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 8.53K | 18.28M | 23.44M | 61.48M | 144.11M | 106.7M | 151.28M | 214.24M | 257.2M | 136.65M |
| Accounts Payable | 4.53K | 503.02K | 995.31K | 573.92K | 1.57K | 400.93K | 15.71M | 99.71K | 1.33M | 365.12K |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 201.42 | 1.01 | 1.77 | 0.86 | 0 | 0.25 | 12.67 | 0.09 | 1.1 | 0.29 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 8.52M | 13.92M | 36.04M | 92M | 71.2M | 96.15M | 150.73M | 175.94M | 60.04M |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 4K | 13.68K | 82.19K | 260.7K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Other Current Liabilities | 0 | 9.24M | 8.45M | 24.61M | 4.93M | 15.72M | 4.02M | 24.4M | 39.9M | 30.14M |
| Current Ratio | 1.81x | 2.21x | 2.19x | 1.56x | 1.36x | 1.55x | 1.11x | 0.97x | 0.88x | 1.17x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.81x | 1.31x | 1.48x | 1.25x | 1.16x | 1.30x | 1.00x | 0.89x | 0.83x | 1.08x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | - | 47.81 | 44.55 | 83.34 | 100.52 | 53.28 | 54.63 | 107.39 | 76.37 | 104.6 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 10.69K | 0 | 0 | 419.41K | 359.34K | 0 | 47.55M | 28.74M | 9.25M | 0 |
| Long-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 419.41K | 359.34K | 0 | 12.24M | 10.5M | 9.25M | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 10.69K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35.31M | 18.24M | 0 | 0 |
| Total Liabilities | 19.21K | 18.28M | 23.44M | 61.9M | 144.47M | 106.7M | 198.83M | 242.98M | 266.45M | 136.65M |
| Total Debt | 0 | 8.52M | 13.92M | 36.04M | 92M | 71.2M | 96.15M | 150.73M | 175.94M | 60.04M |
| Net Debt | -7.44K | 6.92M | 11.66M | 18.31M | 83.81M | 62.31M | 81.11M | 142.94M | 168.82M | 57.04M |
| Debt / Equity | - | 0.40x | 0.50x | 0.89x | 1.64x | 1.21x | 1.55x | 4.31x | 8.22x | 2.55x |
| Debt / EBITDA | - | 1.34x | 1.64x | 3.14x | 7.75x | 18.15x | 29.64x | - | - | 191.19x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | - | 1.09x | 1.38x | 1.59x | 7.06x | 15.88x | 25.00x | - | - | 181.62x |
| Interest Coverage | -56.52x | 20.89x | 0.04x | 0.08x | 78.77x | 215.25x | 5.51x | -21.76x | -0.83x | 0.08x |
| Total Equity | 10.88K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58.93M | 62.16M | 34.98M | 21.41M | 23.56M |
| Equity Growth % | - | -1% | - | - | - | - | 0.05% | -0.44% | -0.39% | 0.1% |
| Book Value per Share | 0.07 | 10.19 | 9.27 | 13.29 | 16.33 | 15.95 | 16.70 | 8.67 | 5.31 | 5.84 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 10.88K | 21.46M | 27.97M | 40.47M | 56.14M | 58.93M | 62.16M | 34.98M | 21.41M | 23.56M |
| Common Stock | 1.51K | 18.1K | 18.1K | 19.16K | 22.16K | 3.69K | 4.03K | 4.03K | 4.03K | 4.03K |
| Retained Earnings | -80.79K | 6.85M | 12.4M | 20.41M | 28.44M | 31.01M | 31.53M | 4.67M | -7.35M | -3.36M |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | 0 | 2.49M | 2.28M | 3.31M | 5.7M | 5.92M | 7.64M | 7.33M | 5.78M | 3.94M |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 2007 | Dec 2008 | Dec 2009 | Dec 2010 | Dec 2011 | Dec 2012 | Dec 2013 | Dec 2014 | Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | -52.25K | -6.83M | 6.04M | 16.43M | -16.08M | -15.35M | 35.48M | -54.44M | -7.38M | -50.31M |
| Operating CF Margin % | -3.68% | -0.04% | 0.03% | 0.06% | -0.04% | -0.03% | 0.08% | -0.14% | -0.02% | -0.11% |
| Operating CF Growth % | - | -129.82% | 1.88% | 1.72% | -1.98% | 0.05% | 3.31% | -2.53% | 0.86% | -5.82% |
| Net Income | -48.89K | 3.99M | 5.5M | 8M | 8M | 2.57M | 524.26K | -26.86M | -12.01M | 3.98M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 0 | 200.7K | 211.4K | 257.95K | 491.48K | 341.48K | 314.13K | 2.62M | 2.38M | 80.71K |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -32.42K | -1.37M | -976.05K | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 0 | 410.74K | 272.3K | 125.36K | 1.03M | 3.71M | 1.25M | 22.2M | 6.48M | -4.97M |
| Working Capital Changes | -3.36K | -11.43M | 54.77K | 8.04M | -25.6M | -21.97M | 33.42M | -51.03M | -3.25M | -49.41M |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | -2.28M | 11.08K | 44.05K | 43.31K | 107.89K | 0 | -67.94M | 5.86M | 29.32M |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | -7.92M | -21.38K | -1.89M | -8.26M | 1.56M | 13.71M | -1.39M | -282.01K | -2.01M |
| Change in Payables | 0 | -433.15K | 28.48K | 9.9M | -26.11K | -1.56K | 0 | 99.06K | 1.3M | -922.58K |
| Cash from Investing | 0 | 6.39M | -4.72M | 1.46M | -97.14K | -6.06K | -31.48M | -18.2M | 4.92M | 21.06M |
| Capital Expenditures | 0 | -186.77K | -76.22K | -298.2K | -127.14K | -6.06K | -14.84K | -11.07K | -3.6K | -336.95K |
| CapEx % of Revenue | - | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 0 | 6.57M | -4.2M | 78.99K | 30K | 0 | 7.11M | -18.19M | 1.88M | 8.43K |
| Cash from Financing | 58.87K | -3.99M | -662.65K | -2.71M | 6.21M | 16.06M | 1.95M | 65.47M | 2.19M | 25.43M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | 58.87K | -3.99M | -662.65K | -2.71M | 6.21M | 16.06M | 1.95M | 65.47M | 2.19M | 25.43M |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | -52.25K | -7.02M | 5.96M | 16.13M | -16.2M | -15.36M | 35.46M | -54.45M | -7.38M | -50.65M |
| FCF Margin % | -3.68% | -0.04% | 0.03% | 0.06% | -0.04% | -0.03% | 0.08% | -0.14% | -0.02% | -0.11% |
| FCF Growth % | - | -133.39% | 1.85% | 1.7% | -2% | 0.05% | 3.31% | -2.54% | 0.86% | -5.86% |
| FCF per Share | -0.32 | -3.34 | 1.98 | 5.29 | -4.71 | -4.16 | 9.53 | -13.50 | -1.83 | -12.56 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.07x | -1.71x | 1.10x | 2.05x | -2.01x | -5.98x | 67.68x | 2.03x | 0.61x | -12.63x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Metric | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | -449.23% | 37.15% | 22.26% | 23.38% | 16.56% | 4.46% | 0.87% | -55.31% | -42.61% | 17.72% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | - | 32.52% | 18.2% | 17.1% | 8.59% | 2.06% | 1.66% | -10.15% | -2.24% | 0.13% |
| Gross Margin | 42.28% | 4.57% | 4.74% | 5.47% | 3.56% | 1.9% | 1.49% | 1.1% | 0.76% | 0.63% |
| Net Margin | -344.15% | 2.1% | 2.56% | 3.1% | 1.77% | 0.43% | 0.11% | -6.68% | -2.69% | 0.85% |
| Debt / Equity | - | 0.40x | 0.50x | 0.89x | 1.64x | 1.21x | 1.55x | 4.31x | 8.22x | 2.55x |
| Interest Coverage | -56.52x | 20.89x | 0.04x | 0.08x | 78.77x | 215.25x | 5.51x | -21.76x | -0.83x | 0.08x |
| FCF Conversion | 1.07x | -1.71x | 1.10x | 2.05x | -2.01x | -5.98x | 67.68x | 2.03x | 0.61x | -12.63x |
| Revenue Growth | - | 1335511.71% | 13.42% | 19.75% | 75.44% | 30.79% | -22.34% | -12.4% | 10.96% | 4.64% |
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automobiles | 581.29M | - | - | 440.73M | 462.71M |
| Automobiles Growth | - | - | - | - | 4.99% |
| Financing Services | 7.09M | 6.89M | 7.4M | 5.57M | 4.31M |
| Financing Services Growth | - | -2.70% | 7.39% | -24.80% | -22.51% |
| Other Services | - | - | - | 48.76K | 33.66K |
| Other Services Growth | - | - | - | - | -30.96% |
| Airport Auto Mall Automotive Services | - | 15.79K | 665.69K | 1.79M | - |
| Airport Auto Mall Automotive Services Growth | - | - | 4116.45% | 168.49% | - |
| Sales of Automobiles | - | 450.14M | 393.67M | - | - |
| Sales of Automobiles Growth | - | - | -12.55% | - | - |
| Web Based Advertising Services | 819.34K | 471.28K | 242.25K | - | - |
| Web Based Advertising Services Growth | - | -42.48% | -48.60% | - | - |
| Auto Mall Management Services | 939.76K | 970.25K | 164.62K | - | - |
| Auto Mall Management Services Growth | - | 3.24% | -83.03% | - | - |
| Automobile Value Added Services | 1.18M | 740.34K | 124.84K | - | - |
| Automobile Value Added Services Growth | - | -37.17% | -83.14% | - | - |
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) has a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 51.1x. This suggests investors expect higher future growth.
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) reported $514.4M in revenue for fiscal year 2016. This represents a 3620969% increase from $0.0M in 2007.
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) grew revenue by 4.6% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) reported a net loss of $1.4M for fiscal year 2016.
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) has a return on equity (ROE) of 17.7%. This is reasonable for most industries.
China Auto Logistics Inc. (CALI) generated $0.5M in free cash flow for fiscal year 2016. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.