Free cash flow remains under pressure from extreme capital intensity, with CapEx/Revenue ratios consistently exceeding 39% over the last ten quarters, limiting the company's ability to generate sustained positive cash flow.
| Metric | TTM | Sep'25 | Sep'24 | Sep'23 | Sep'22 | Sep'21 | Sep'20 | Sep'19 | Sep'18 | Sep'17 | Sep'16 | Sep'15 | Sep'14 | Sep'13 | Sep'12 | Sep'11 | Sep'10 | Sep'09 | Sep'08 | Sep'07 | Sep'06 | Sep'05 | Sep'04 | Sep'03 | Sep'02 | Sep'01 | Sep'00 | Sep'99 | Sep'98 | Sep'97 | Sep'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 4.12B | 3.25B | 3.65B | 3.21B | 3.23B | 3.34B | 3.26B | 2.97B | 2.54B | 1.57B | 2.66B | 2.44B | 2.19B | 1.57B | 1.8B | 1.75B | 1.52B | 1.32B | 1.68B | 1.5B | 1.35B | 1.38B | 1.09B | 1.04B | 1.06B | 1.08B | 1.17B | 1.09B | 973.7M | 1.03B | 756M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 26.99% | 30.14% | 25.44% | 25.44% | 32.37% | 36.86% | 33.3% | 28.46% | 19.15% | 35.46% | 31.16% | 20.95% | 15.4% | 18.71% | 17.39% | 16.87% | 16.02% | 16.13% | 16.37% | 15.21% | 16.89% | 14.65% | 16.45% | 19.7% | 18.96% | 21.47% | 21.69% | 19.79% | 22.28% | 18.86% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 246.99% | -10.91% | 13.76% | -0.76% | -3.34% | 2.36% | 9.93% | 16.84% | 62.12% | -41.07% | 9.14% | 11.46% | 39.54% | -12.86% | 2.6% | 15.16% | 15.08% | -21.24% | 12.17% | 11.23% | -2.15% | 26.7% | 4.82% | -2.62% | -1.85% | -7.67% | 7.82% | 11.83% | -5.77% | 36.68% | 5.29% |
| Net Income | 2.11B | 4.9M | 3.84B | 2.29B | 2.24B | 2.03B | 1.9B | 1.76B | 1.46B | 1.13B | 1.1B | 1.28B | 987.1M | 1B | 999.2M | 1.26B | 1.03B | 629.2M | 803.8M | 1.04B | 723.4M | 711.7M | 604.1M | 397.3M | 525.4M | 465.6M | 124.2M | 450.5M | 546.8M | 429.3M | 416M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 1.56B | 1.56B | 1.45B | 1.36B | 1.34B | 1.32B | 1.19B | 1.08B | 970.7M | 865.8M | 854.6M | 936.4M | 956.9M | 907M | 840.8M | 873.9M | 863.4M | 840.3M | 869M | 840M | 756.9M | 728.3M | 714.9M | 640.2M | 581M | 573M | 575.7M | 527.2M | 489.4M | 459.1M | 412M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 48.1M | 76.4M | 61.8M | 59.9M | 48.4M | 44.5M | 53.5M | 41.2M | 38.8M | 39.9M | 31M | 45.7M | 44M | 43.5M | 43.8M | 44.8M | 48.6M | 60.4M | 61.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 168.5M | -554.8M | -69.3M | -24.7M | 32.3M | 94M | 165M | 107M | 185.2M | -38M | 61.8M | 2.9M | 125.5M | 12.8M | 6.9M | 185.7M | 110.2M | -37M | 36.9M | 14M | 7.8M | 69M | 86.2M | 26.8M | 65.2M | 39M | -5.5M | 58.8M | 62.3M | 94.1M | 87M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 612.9M | 3.01B | -1.46B | -55.8M | -316.4M | -163.4M | 300K | 4.2M | 157M | -482.2M | 592.6M | -43.9M | 320.1M | -192.3M | -192.1M | -408.1M | -72.2M | -108M | 47.6M | -34.9M | 20.6M | 7.4M | -25.6M | 83M | -63.1M | -38.6M | 618.4M | 18.1M | -38.3M | 8.9M | -112M |
| Working Capital Changes | -410.5M | -851.6M | -183M | -424.8M | -115.8M | 16.7M | -40.1M | -25.3M | -265.4M | 48M | 21.2M | 218.8M | -246.5M | -207.8M | 100.1M | -204.6M | -456.7M | -62M | -139.1M | -357.3M | -162.5M | -140.6M | -293.7M | -111.3M | -44.6M | 45M | -138.8M | 34.3M | -86.5M | 41.9M | -47M |
| Change in Receivables | -118.4M | -36.3M | -76.6M | 130.7M | -475.2M | -130.5M | 43.2M | -69M | -42.8M | -73.6M | -44.8M | -29.7M | -2.7M | 4.8M | -55.1M | -103.5M | -142.5M | 159M | -218M | 0 | -94.8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63.9M | 0 | 0 | 11.2M | -151.8M | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -6.4M | -35.8M | -137.8M | -129.4M | -94.3M | -47.2M | -5.2M | -3M | -64.2M | 6.4M | 32.2M | 8.3M | -23.5M | 75M | 1.3M | -101.8M | -65.9M | -17.7M | -34.9M | -300K | -103.9M | -10.3M | -27.9M | -53.2M | 55.1M | 2.6M | -57.4M | 37M | -2.7M | -13.3M | -28M |
| Change in Payables | -222.5M | -224M | -338.7M | -307.1M | 532.5M | 263.4M | 52.5M | 38M | -149.4M | 269.2M | 81.6M | 244.5M | -273.2M | -223.5M | 188.5M | -18.2M | -293.6M | -294.7M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -5.07B | -6.58B | -4.92B | -5.68B | -3.86B | -2.73B | -3.56B | -2.11B | -1.63B | 2.33B | -1.07B | -1.6B | -1.63B | -1.7B | -1.67B | -1.21B | -1.06B | -1.04B | -919.8M | -1.48B | -946.7M | -973.4M | -762.7M | -1.05B | -493.6M | -277.7M | -1.23B | -1.04B | -684.3M | -1.1B | -1.08B |
| Capital Expenditures | -3.01B | -7.02B | -6.8B | -4.63B | -2.93B | -2.46B | -2.51B | -1.99B | -1.57B | -1.04B | -907.7M | -1.61B | -1.68B | -1.52B | -1.52B | -1.35B | -1.03B | -1.18B | -1.09B | -1.05B | -1.26B | -929.5M | -705.5M | -612.9M | -627.6M | -708.3M | -767.7M | -888.9M | -770.9M | -870.2M | -951M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 24.18% | 58.34% | 56.17% | 36.72% | 23.05% | 23.87% | 28.33% | 22.31% | 17.56% | 12.7% | 12.1% | 20.64% | 16.13% | 14.97% | 15.82% | 13.41% | 11.42% | 14.28% | 10.42% | 11.53% | 14.25% | 11.41% | 9.52% | 9.73% | 11.62% | 12.39% | 14.04% | 17.71% | 15.67% | 18.76% | 23.73% |
| Acquisitions | -59.9M | 773.3M | 0 | 260.3M | -1.72B | -86.5M | -207.7M | -138.9M | -345.4M | -16.3M | 44.6M | -38.8M | 2M | -223.6M | -1.04B | -56.6M | -42M | -57.2M | -72M | -539.1M | -127M | -97.2M | -84.6M | -529.6M | -114.8M | -59.2M | -170.4M | -83M | -182.2M | 0 | -6M |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -2.16B | 53.5M | 1.55B | -659.7M | 53.2M | 43.3M | 84.2M | -3.2M | 65.4M | 3.79B | -161.3M | 53.9M | 54M | 49.6M | 890M | 19.8M | 33.6M | 87M | -203.1M | 19.4M | 47.1M | 53.3M | 27.4M | 95.9M | 248.8M | 489.8M | -289.5M | -66.7M | 268.8M | -232.7M | -122M |
| Cash from Financing | 379M | 2.21B | 2.62B | 1.37B | -1B | -1.56B | 3.28B | -1.37B | -1.36B | -1.97B | -304.3M | -945.4M | -661.4M | 115.4M | -78.4M | -484.5M | -579.7M | 101.5M | -698.5M | -14.9M | -422.6M | -492.7M | -256.8M | -182.7M | -385M | -832.9M | 80.1M | -51.6M | -279.9M | 43.5M | 316M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 1.69B | 3.88B | 3.9B | 3.17B | 384.1M | -283M | 4.43B | -424.7M | -496.7M | -1.28B | -237.7M | -359.1M | -145.2M | 927.4M | 419.6M | 457M | -284.4M | 404.9M | 305.5M | 611.8M | 238.7M | 146M | -183.9M | -70.6M | -313.2M | -667.6M | 220.8M | 94.1M | 205.9M | 270.9M | 512.8M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -1.1M | 1.1M | 7.9M | 24M | 19.3M | 10.6M | 34.1M | 68.1M | 76.2M | 68.4M | 141.3M | 0 | 0 | -461.6M | -53.1M | -501M | 88.1M | 54.4M | -793.4M | -372.4M | -379.4M | -362.5M | 146M | 76.5M | 103.8M | -100K | 0 | -24.6M | -365M | -135M | -100.3M |
| Dividends Paid | -1.59B | -1.58B | -1.56B | -1.5B | -1.38B | -1.26B | -1.1B | -994M | -897.8M | -787.9M | -721.2M | -677.5M | -627.7M | -565.6M | -514.9M | -456.7M | -398.7M | -373.3M | -349.3M | -312M | -293.6M | -276.2M | -218.9M | -188.6M | -175.6M | -165.2M | -155.7M | -146.2M | -134M | -123.8M | -117M |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -461.6M | -53.1M | -649.2M | 0 | 0 | -793.4M | -575.2M | -482.3M | -500M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -87.2M | 0 | -24.6M | -365M | -135M | -100.3M |
| Other Financing | 287.3M | -91.3M | 270.2M | -321.7M | -20.7M | -28.4M | -80.1M | -19.9M | -41.5M | 96.6M | 510.4M | 91.2M | 111.5M | 215.2M | 70M | 16.2M | 15.7M | 15.5M | 138.7M | 57.7M | 11.7M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15M | 25.1M | 13.2M | 31.4M | 20.3M |
| Net Change in Cash | -540.4M | -1.12B | 1.36B | -1.09B | -1.76B | -784.1M | 3B | -542.6M | -482.3M | 1.94B | 1.29B | -130.2M | -113.8M | -4M | 31.9M | 48.2M | -113.9M | 384.7M | 63M | 7.1M | -20.6M | -90.5M | 70.1M | -177.5M | 187.5M | -27.9M | 32.5M | 100K | 9M | -26.2M | -8M |
| Free Cash Flow | 1.11B | -3.77B | -3.15B | -1.42B | 303.7M | 877.7M | 755.7M | 980.2M | 973.5M | 528.2M | 1.75B | 823M | 502.9M | 43.2M | 277.7M | 401.5M | 491.5M | 143.8M | 594.5M | 442.4M | 84.9M | 446.3M | 380.4M | 423.1M | 436.3M | 375.7M | 406.3M | 200M | 202.8M | 163.1M | -195M |
| FCF Margin % | 8.89% | -31.28% | -26.03% | -11.27% | 2.39% | 8.5% | 8.53% | 10.99% | 10.9% | 6.45% | 23.36% | 10.52% | 4.82% | 0.42% | 2.89% | 3.98% | 5.45% | 1.74% | 5.71% | 4.84% | 0.96% | 5.48% | 5.13% | 6.72% | 8.08% | 6.57% | 7.43% | 3.98% | 4.12% | 3.52% | -4.87% |
| FCF Growth % | 125.57% | -19.55% | -121.82% | -567.6% | -65.4% | 16.14% | -22.9% | 0.69% | 84.31% | -69.87% | 113% | 63.65% | 1064.12% | -84.44% | -30.83% | -18.31% | 241.79% | -75.81% | 34.38% | 421.08% | -80.98% | 17.32% | -10.09% | -3.03% | 16.13% | -7.53% | 103.15% | -1.38% | 24.34% | 183.64% | -28.29% |
| FCF per Share | 4.97 | -16.89 | -14.14 | -6.38 | 1.36 | 3.94 | 3.40 | 4.42 | 4.41 | 2.40 | 8.03 | 3.79 | 2.34 | 0.20 | 1.29 | 1.85 | 2.26 | 0.67 | 2.71 | 1.98 | 0.37 | 1.93 | 1.66 | 1.89 | 1.96 | 1.71 | 1.88 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.73 | -0.86 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.53x | -8.24x | 0.95x | 1.39x | 1.43x | 1.59x | 1.73x | 1.69x | 1.70x | 0.52x | 4.22x | 1.91x | 2.21x | 1.58x | 1.54x | 1.43x | 1.48x | 2.10x | 1.85x | 1.45x | 1.86x | 1.93x | 1.80x | 2.61x | 2.02x | 2.33x | 9.45x | 2.42x | 1.78x | 2.41x | 1.82x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 126.9M | 127.6M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | -123.6M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 192M | 124.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Megaproject capital intensity risk
According to recent quarterly filings, the relationship between net income and operating cash flow has been highly erratic, with the OCF/NI ratio swinging from a negative 0.19 in 2025Q2 to an extreme 257.39 in 2025Q4, indicating that reported earnings are currently poor proxies for cash generation.
The massive divergence between net income and operating cash flow suggests that significant non-cash charges and impairment events are distorting the company's true earnings power. Investors should monitor whether this disconnect persists as the company attempts to transition from heavy construction phases to operational cash generation.
As reported in financial statements, APD has struggled to generate positive free cash flow, recording a negative FCF margin of 53.6% in 2025Q2 and remaining largely cash-negative through 2026Q1, with only a brief return to positive territory in the most recent 2026Q2 quarter.
The consistent inability to cover capital expenditures with operating cash flow highlights the extreme capital intensity of the current hydrogen-focused strategy. This trajectory suggests that the company is currently reliant on external financing or balance sheet liquidity to sustain its dividend and ongoing project commitments.
Based on reported figures, the company's capital expenditure intensity has been aggressive, with CapEx/Revenue ratios peaking at 72.2% in 2025Q1 and remaining elevated above 39% throughout the last ten quarters, reflecting a massive commitment to long-term infrastructure projects that have yet to reach full utilization.
This level of capital intensity is significantly higher than traditional industrial gas peers, suggesting that the company is in a high-risk phase of asset deployment. The persistent spending warrants further investigation into whether these assets will achieve the projected returns once they come online.
As indicated by quarterly data, working capital changes have been a significant source of cash flow instability, with a notable outflow of $687 million in 2025Q2 followed by a $226.8 million inflow in 2025Q4, reflecting the lumpy nature of large-scale project-based equipment contracts.
The volatility in working capital suggests that the company's cash position is highly sensitive to the timing of project milestones and customer payments. This variability complicates short-term cash flow forecasting and may indicate potential inefficiencies in managing the cash conversion cycle for its global energy projects.
According to financial disclosures, the company has maintained a consistent dividend payout of approximately $390 million to $398 million per quarter, even during periods of significant negative free cash flow, which suggests a strong management commitment to shareholder returns despite current operational cash constraints.
Maintaining these payouts while simultaneously funding massive capital expenditures appears to be placing pressure on the company's liquidity. Investors should monitor whether this dividend policy remains sustainable if the current negative free cash flow trend continues into future fiscal periods.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying APD stock.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APD) generated $3.25B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APD) reported negative free cash flow of $3.77B in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APD) spent $7.02B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APD) returned $1.58B to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.