Free cash flow generation exhibits extreme instability, swinging from a negative 2.4% margin in 2025Q1 to a 13.6% peak in 2025Q4, complicating the sustainability of shareholder returns.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Jan'22 | Jan'21 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Jan'16 | Jan'15 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Jan'11 | Jan'10 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Jan'05 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Jan'00 | Jan'99 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 1.03B | 881.4M | 938.8M | 826M | 961M | 1.05B | 751.3M | 746.5M | 457.9M | 650.1M | 585.3M | 473.7M | 374.2M | 320.1M | 513.4M | 422.7M | 486.7M | 569M | 539.7M | 499.4M | 510.8M | 441.6M | 516.9M | 334.9M | 522.8M | 375.5M | 409.9M | 435.2M | 422.8M | 368.4M | 304M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 9.95% | 10.72% | 9.88% | 10.63% | 12.45% | 10.78% | 10.56% | 6.4% | 9.83% | 9.62% | 7.94% | 5.91% | 5.21% | 8.51% | 7.01% | 8.42% | 9.56% | 8.04% | 7.92% | 9.16% | 8.07% | 9.72% | 7.03% | 12.43% | 9.87% | 10.53% | 11.55% | 12.22% | 11.01% | 9.43% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 965.88% | -6.11% | 13.66% | -14.05% | -8.2% | 39.33% | 0.64% | 63.03% | -29.56% | 11.07% | 23.56% | 26.59% | 16.9% | -37.65% | 21.46% | -13.15% | -14.46% | 5.43% | 8.07% | -2.23% | 15.67% | -14.57% | 54.34% | -35.94% | 39.23% | -8.39% | -5.81% | 2.93% | 14.77% | 21.18% | 61.79% |
| Net Income | 689.8M | 688M | 704.9M | 503M | 757.1M | 740.1M | 555.9M | 303.6M | 467.4M | 281.8M | 320.7M | 274.3M | 248.9M | 215.8M | 215.4M | 190.1M | 316.9M | -746.7M | 266.1M | 303.5M | 367.2M | 226.4M | 279.7M | 267.9M | 257.2M | 243.2M | 283.5M | 215.4M | 223.3M | 204.8M | 175.9M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 251.6M | 206.4M | 312.2M | 298.4M | 290.7M | 244.1M | 205.3M | 179M | 181M | 178.7M | 180.1M | 188.3M | 201.6M | 204.6M | 220.6M | 246.5M | 247.6M | 267.3M | 278.4M | 234.6M | 197.9M | 202M | 188.2M | 181.5M | 152.8M | 156M | 156.9M | 150.4M | 127.2M | 116.8M | 113.4M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 20.6M | 27.9M | 28.7M | 22.3M | 47.4M | 37.2M | 24M | 34.5M | 34.3M | 30.2M | 27.2M | 26.3M | 28.3M | 34M | 38.9M | 39.6M | 35.2M | 25.8M | 29M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | -26.2M | 0 | -18.5M | -24.4M | 18.4M | 2.6M | 9.3M | -216.9M | -32.7M | 151.6M | 52.3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -114.2M | -37.5M | -10.8M | -13M | 93.1M | -3.8M | 22.2M | 3M | 11.8M | -15.3M | 13.8M | 18.4M | 800K |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 184.1M | 201.9M | 114.6M | 87M | 73.6M | 47.4M | 109.4M | 531.1M | 199.7M | 91.1M | 141.4M | 108.8M | 106M | 24.7M | 80M | 63.5M | 68.5M | 933.8M | 147.6M | 50.2M | 9.8M | 101M | -15.7M | -48.3M | 20.7M | -300K | 0 | 65M | 0 | 0 | -2.1M |
| Working Capital Changes | -85.7M | -242.8M | -203.1M | -60.3M | -226.2M | -24.6M | -152.6M | -84.8M | -391.8M | -87.7M | -139.6M | -124M | -226.1M | -156.9M | -41.5M | -117M | -181.5M | 88.8M | -67.2M | -51.4M | -53.3M | -74M | -28.4M | -49M | 69.9M | -26.4M | -42.3M | 11.4M | 58.5M | 28.4M | 16M |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | 0 | -107.3M | -16.7M | -22.1M | -113.2M | 14.7M | -42.2M | -62.5M | -141.2M | -88.2M | -135.9M | -65.4M | -136M | -106.7M | -43.6M | -87.6M | 95.7M | 57.7M | 1M | -2.3M | -44M | -1.4M | -44.2M | -41.1M | 1.9M | -43.4M | -66.4M | 26.9M | -31.4M | -900K |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | -90.7M | 111.7M | -140.7M | -182.7M | -6M | -18.1M | -70.5M | -14.9M | -19.6M | -34.4M | -33M | -75.9M | -800K | -22.2M | -35.6M | 133.3M | 16.5M | -5.3M | -15.1M | -12M | -1.2M | -37.9M | -16.7M | 1.9M | 8.8M | -28M | 11M | 5.7M | -18.1M |
| Change in Payables | 0 | 0 | 106.7M | -87.6M | 68.2M | 255.2M | -68.2M | 46.4M | 43.6M | 83.4M | 31.6M | 65.5M | -62.8M | 108.2M | 68M | 31.3M | 76.5M | -14.5M | -15.8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -595.4M | -596M | -243.1M | -459M | -332.7M | -1.74B | -554.2M | -251M | -232.5M | -547.7M | -435.4M | -142.9M | -170.4M | 339.4M | -160M | -104.2M | -107.8M | -105.8M | -293.5M | -1.54B | -154.9M | -167.6M | -216.9M | -165.6M | -575.4M | -268.3M | -315.5M | -383.9M | -217.5M | -189M | -177.6M |
| Capital Expenditures | -177.5M | -169M | -208.8M | -265.3M | -278.1M | -255M | -201.4M | -219.4M | -226.7M | -190.5M | -176.9M | -135.8M | -147.9M | -129.2M | -99.2M | -109.6M | -83.5M | -69.7M | -128.5M | -254.8M | -195.3M | -189M | -178.9M | -226.4M | -151.8M | -135.4M | -198.3M | -177.7M | -190.6M | -177.3M | -187.6M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 1.97% | 1.91% | 2.38% | 3.17% | 3.08% | 3.03% | 2.89% | 3.1% | 3.17% | 2.88% | 2.91% | 2.28% | 2.34% | 2.1% | 1.64% | 1.82% | 1.44% | 1.17% | 1.91% | 4.04% | 3.5% | 3.45% | 3.36% | 4.75% | 3.61% | 3.56% | 5.09% | 4.72% | 5.51% | 5.3% | 5.82% |
| Acquisitions | -392.8M | -401.8M | -3.8M | -224.9M | -38.4M | -1.47B | -350.4M | -6.5M | -3.8M | -319.3M | -237.2M | 0 | 0 | 481.2M | 800K | 21.5M | 0 | 0 | -131.2M | -1.29B | 22M | -3M | -15M | -6.9M | -397.4M | -63.9M | -75.3M | -185.9M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -15.6M | -34.9M | -20.3M | 31.2M | -16.2M | -12.9M | -2.4M | -25.1M | -20.5M | -25.2M | -21.1M | -6.6M | -22.8M | -12.7M | -54.9M | -16.4M | -25.1M | -35.6M | -51M | 3.5M | 18.4M | 24M | -23M | 65.5M | -26.2M | -69M | -41.9M | -12M | -26.9M | -11.7M | 10M |
| Cash from Financing | -380.6M | -414.9M | -576.1M | -317.2M | -615.2M | 604.3M | -207.7M | -470.3M | -208.1M | -83.9M | -106.2M | -367.3M | -323.5M | -546.2M | -297.6M | -271.5M | -391.5M | -432.7M | -208.5M | 1.06B | -397.8M | -260.5M | -247.1M | -166.7M | 57M | -99.1M | -89M | -62.4M | -190.6M | -179.6M | -149.6M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 259.6M | 439.6M | -37.9M | 102.4M | 28.3M | 1.04B | 113.1M | -23.9M | 409.3M | 199.9M | 232.2M | -105.8M | 124.9M | -187.2M | 40.5M | -147.9M | -189.8M | -300.6M | -40.7M | 1.26B | -140.1M | -80M | -119.1M | -41M | 176.8M | 21.3M | 145.5M | 151.3M | 85.4M | -14.7M | 17.9M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -380.5M | -572.3M | -247.5M | -137.5M | -379.5M | -180.9M | -104.3M | -237.7M | -392.9M | -129.7M | -262.4M | -232.3M | -355.5M | -283.5M | -235.2M | -13.5M | -108.7M | 0 | -9.8M | -25.1M | -103.6M | -30M | 18.4M | 5.2M | 11.7M | -500K | -114.7M | -105M | -171.9M | -86M | -109.3M |
| Dividends Paid | -291.3M | -288.4M | -277.5M | -256.7M | -238.9M | -220.6M | -196.8M | -189.7M | -175M | -155.5M | -142.5M | -133.1M | -125.1M | -112M | -110.4M | -106.5M | -88.7M | -134.9M | -175M | -171.8M | -171.8M | -168.7M | -164.6M | -160.2M | -148.5M | -135.4M | -123.7M | -112M | -101.8M | -86.8M | -68.1M |
| Share Repurchases | -380.5M | -572.3M | -255.9M | -137.5M | -379.5M | -180.9M | -104.3M | -237.7M | -392.9M | -129.7M | -262.4M | -232.3M | -355.5M | -283.5M | -235.2M | -13.5M | -108.7M | 0 | -9.8M | -63.2M | -157.7M | -41M | -700K | -300K | -10.4M | -17.9M | -134.4M | -121.9M | -192.6M | -99.3M | -109.3M |
| Other Financing | 31.6M | 6.2M | -13.2M | -25.4M | -25.1M | -31.7M | -19.7M | -19M | -49.5M | 1.4M | 66.5M | 103.9M | 32.2M | 36.5M | 7.5M | -3.6M | -4.3M | 2.8M | 17M | -6.7M | 17.7M | 19M | 18.2M | 18.1M | 17M | 15.5M | 3.9M | 3.3M | -2.3M | 7.9M | 9.9M |
| Net Change in Cash | 67.5M | -126.3M | 114.1M | 47.8M | 4.5M | -89.6M | -1.4M | 21.7M | 7.6M | 29.3M | 36.3M | -48.4M | -124.6M | 116.2M | 57.4M | 50.5M | -10.6M | 32.6M | 34M | 13M | -40M | 13.7M | 55.3M | 6.7M | 3.7M | 7.7M | 4.5M | -11.6M | 15.2M | -500K | -149.6M |
| Free Cash Flow | 872.9M | 712.4M | 730M | 540.9M | 662.5M | 774.7M | 532.7M | 489.3M | 201.3M | 424M | 378.7M | 322.2M | 199.2M | 138.7M | 359.3M | 291.7M | 378.1M | 466.2M | 348.1M | 244.6M | 315.5M | 253.3M | 338M | 133.5M | 371M | 240.1M | 211.6M | 81.7M | 232.2M | 191.1M | 116.4M |
| FCF Margin % | 9.69% | 8.04% | 8.34% | 6.47% | 7.33% | 9.21% | 7.64% | 6.92% | 2.81% | 6.41% | 6.22% | 5.4% | 3.15% | 2.26% | 5.95% | 4.84% | 6.54% | 7.83% | 5.19% | 3.88% | 5.66% | 4.63% | 6.36% | 2.8% | 8.82% | 6.31% | 5.43% | 2.17% | 6.71% | 5.71% | 3.61% |
| FCF Growth % | 47.57% | -2.41% | 34.96% | -18.35% | -14.48% | 45.43% | 8.87% | 143.07% | -52.52% | 11.96% | 17.54% | 61.75% | 43.62% | -61.4% | 23.17% | -22.85% | -18.9% | 33.93% | 42.31% | -22.47% | 24.56% | -25.06% | 153.18% | -64.02% | 54.52% | 13.47% | 159% | -64.81% | 21.51% | 64.18% | 4950% |
| FCF per Share | 11.34 | 9.20 | 9.05 | 6.67 | 8.06 | 9.24 | 6.33 | 5.76 | 2.27 | 4.71 | 4.18 | 3.47 | 2.08 | 1.39 | 3.47 | 2.73 | 3.54 | 4.50 | 3.53 | 2.47 | 3.14 | 2.52 | 3.36 | 1.34 | 3.73 | 2.44 | 2.12 | 0.81 | 2.23 | 1.80 | 1.08 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.27x | 1.28x | 1.33x | 1.64x | 1.27x | 1.41x | 1.35x | 2.46x | 0.98x | 2.31x | 1.83x | 1.73x | 1.50x | 1.48x | 2.38x | 2.22x | 1.54x | -0.76x | 2.03x | 1.65x | 1.39x | 1.95x | 1.85x | 1.25x | 2.03x | 1.54x | 1.45x | 2.02x | 1.89x | 1.80x | 1.73x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 111.8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 226.8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Working capital cycle volatility
Based on reported financial statements, AVY's operating cash flow to net income ratio has fluctuated significantly, ranging from a negative 0.10 in 2025Q1 to a peak of 2.26 in 2025Q4, highlighting a disconnect between accounting profits and the actual cash generated from core operations.
The wide variance in the OCF/NI ratio suggests that reported net income is frequently decoupled from cash reality, likely due to the timing of inventory and receivables management. Investors should monitor whether this volatility is a structural feature of the company's supply chain or merely a reflection of seasonal working capital swings.
As indicated by quarterly data, AVY's free cash flow margins have demonstrated extreme instability, swinging from a negative 2.4% in 2025Q1 to a high of 13.6% in 2025Q4, which complicates the assessment of the company's underlying ability to fund growth through internal cash generation.
The inability to maintain a consistent FCF margin trajectory suggests that the business remains highly sensitive to operational disruptions or inventory build-ups. This inconsistency warrants further investigation into whether the company's capital allocation strategy is being hampered by these periodic cash flow troughs.
According to recent SEC filings, working capital changes have been a major source of cash flow volatility, with a significant outflow of $286 million in 2025Q1 followed by a $95.8 million inflow in 2025Q4, indicating substantial fluctuations in the company's cash conversion cycle.
These dramatic shifts in working capital suggest that AVY may be struggling to optimize its inventory levels or collection cycles in response to changing demand. Such instability often forces the company to rely on external liquidity to bridge the gap during periods of heavy working capital investment.
Based on reported figures, AVY has consistently prioritized shareholder returns, with dividend payments and share repurchases totaling over $140 million in several quarters, even during periods where free cash flow was significantly constrained or negative, such as the $331 million total outflow in 2025Q1.
The commitment to returning capital to shareholders despite volatile cash flow generation may indicate a management preference for maintaining dividend growth at the expense of balance sheet flexibility. This strategy appears aggressive given the observed fluctuations in operating cash flow and the potential for future liquidity needs.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying AVY stock.
Avery Dennison Corporation (AVY) generated $881.4M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Avery Dennison Corporation (AVY) generated $712.4M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Avery Dennison Corporation (AVY) spent $169.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Avery Dennison Corporation (AVY) returned $288.4M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $572.3M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.