Despite generating $705 million in operating cash flow, the company recorded a $334 million free cash flow deficit in 2026Q1 due to intensive $1.0 billion capital spending.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 1.94B | 2.23B | 2.37B | 2.31B | 855M | 1.82B | 1.28B | 1.79B | 1.7B | 1.71B | 1.63B | 1.64B | 1.45B | 1.42B | 1.24B | 1.17B | 959M | 848M | 559M | 27M | 688M | 599M | 398M | -251M | 614M | 417M | 453M | 917M | 516M | 624M | 661M |
| Operating CF Growth % | -39.5% | -5.7% | 2.64% | 170.06% | -53% | 42.55% | -28.72% | 5.11% | -0.12% | 4.67% | -0.67% | 13.34% | 1.83% | 14.5% | 6.16% | 21.9% | 13.09% | 51.7% | 1970.37% | -96.08% | 14.86% | 50.5% | 258.57% | -140.88% | 47.24% | -7.95% | -50.6% | 77.71% | -17.31% | -5.6% | -3.08% |
| Operating CF / Revenue % | 21.99% | 26.17% | 31.54% | 30.94% | 9.95% | 24.82% | 19.88% | 27.02% | 24.78% | 25.9% | 25.46% | 25.4% | 20.16% | 21.64% | 19.85% | 17.98% | 14.91% | 13.67% | 8.21% | 0.42% | 11.23% | 10.19% | 7.27% | -4.55% | 7.08% | 5.21% | 5.18% | 15.47% | 10.04% | 13.05% | 15.29% |
| Net Income | 1.11B | 1.07B | 1B | 886M | 833M | 751M | 697M | 680M | 657M | 460M | 551M | 523M | 477M | 452M | 375M | 413M | 363M | 209M | 300M | -126M | -85M | -98M | 132M | -44M | -650M | -545M | 36M | 277M | 242M | 244M | 224M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 1.33B | 1.31B | 1.24B | 1.18B | 1.13B | 1.11B | 1.04B | 992M | 933M | 881M | 811M | 750M | 685M | 628M | 598M | 546M | 576M | 570M | 589M | 545M | 576M | 525M | 431M | 462M | 485M | 524M | 637M | 595M | 535M | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 210M | 202M | 142M | 157M | 89M | 249M | 170M | 150M | 182M | 417M | 264M | 247M | 227M | 268M | 227M | 167M | 227M | 122M | 129M | -221M | -271M | -199M | 94M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8M | 10M | 54M | 24M | 46M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -214M | -283M | -277M | -330M | -80M | -249M | -609M | 1M | -174M | 121M | -4M | -102M | 90M | 75M | 197M | -51M | -174M | -46M | -131M | 357M | 526M | 598M | -30M | -351M | 752M | 928M | 135M | -7M | -129M | 391M | 403M |
| Working Capital Changes | -375M | -61M | 262M | 416M | -1.11B | -46M | -25M | -33M | 105M | -174M | 7M | 222M | -32M | -2M | -156M | 94M | -33M | -7M | -328M | -528M | -58M | -227M | -229M | -318M | 27M | -490M | -363M | 42M | -186M | -35M | -12M |
| Capital Expenditures | -3.98B | -3.82B | -3.02B | -3.22B | -2.37B | -2.08B | -2.31B | -2.1B | -2.07B | -1.67B | -1.67B | -1.56B | -1.58B | -1.32B | -1.23B | -882M | -821M | -818M | -792M | -1.38B | -670M | -593M | -525M | -535M | -747M | -1.26B | -1.03B | -3.56B | -1.29B | -1.55B | -659M |
| CapEx / Revenue % | 49.39% | 44.78% | 40.16% | 43.14% | 27.62% | 28.33% | 36.01% | 31.76% | 30.18% | 25.29% | 26.13% | 24.23% | 21.97% | 20.18% | 19.62% | 13.56% | 12.76% | 13.18% | 11.64% | 21.29% | 13.08% | 10.09% | 9.59% | 9.7% | 8.61% | 15.76% | 11.81% | 60.14% | 25.19% | 32.44% | 15.24% |
| CapEx / D&A | 3.29x | 2.93x | 2.43x | 2.73x | 2.11x | 1.86x | 2.22x | 2.12x | 2.22x | 1.89x | 2.06x | 2.09x | 2.30x | 2.11x | 2.05x | 1.62x | 1.43x | 1.44x | 1.34x | 2.52x | 1.39x | 1.13x | 1.22x | 1.16x | 1.54x | 2.41x | 1.62x | 5.99x | 2.42x | - | - |
| CapEx Coverage (OCF/CapEx) | 0.45x | 0.58x | 0.79x | 0.72x | 0.36x | 0.88x | 0.55x | 0.85x | 0.82x | 1.02x | 0.97x | 1.05x | 0.92x | 1.07x | 1.01x | 1.33x | 1.17x | 1.04x | 0.71x | 0.02x | 0.86x | 1.01x | 0.76x | -0.47x | 0.82x | 0.33x | 0.44x | 0.26x | 0.40x | 0.40x | 1.00x |
| Cash from Investing | -4.19B | -4.03B | -3.05B | -3.38B | -2.47B | -1.23B | -2.84B | -2.82B | -2.61B | -1.87B | -1.92B | -2.06B | -1.91B | -1.53B | -1.35B | -1.06B | -1B | -935M | -839M | 658M | -751M | -494M | -392M | 203M | 829M | -1.13B | -867M | -3.56B | -1.63B | -1.55B | -841M |
| Acquisitions | -120M | 4M | 129M | 6M | 2M | 1M | 89M | 97M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -154M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7M | 3M | 1.72B | 69M | 61M | 219M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -74M | -1.94B | 0 | 0 | -20M |
| Purchase of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -131M | -607M | -3.05B | 0 | 0 | 0 | -344M | -380M | -345M | -830M | -212M |
| Sale of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 146M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 254M | 613M | 2.94B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Investing | 288M | -214M | -160M | -167M | -102M | 843M | -614M | -809M | -532M | -203M | -243M | -346M | -333M | -207M | -123M | -176M | -182M | -124M | -50M | -11M | -20M | -119M | 100M | 738M | 1.58B | 136M | 583M | -122M | 6M | -43M | 50M |
| Cash from Financing | 1.99B | 2.24B | 609M | 1.14B | 1.32B | -296M | 1.59B | 1.01B | 874M | 110M | 255M | 463M | 498M | 190M | 41M | -199M | 202M | -35M | 145M | -690M | -434M | 74M | -43M | 230M | -1.22B | 716M | 464M | 2.68B | 1.15B | 938M | 180M |
| Dividends Paid | -675M | -663M | -626M | -579M | -546M | -509M | -467M | -436M | -407M | -377M | -347M | -322M | -295M | -273M | -252M | -211M | -162M | -125M | -95M | -56M | -11M | -11M | -11M | 0 | -149M | -189M | -167M | -163M | -140M | -119M | -103M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio % | - | 61.9% | 62.41% | 65.28% | 65.23% | 37.62% | 61.85% | 64.12% | 61.95% | 81.96% | 62.98% | 61.57% | 61.84% | 60.4% | 65.97% | 50.84% | 45.29% | 49.78% | 27.8% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 463.89% | 58.84% | 49.12% | 48.77% | 45.98% |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | 4M | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Stock Issued | 688M | 525M | 286M | 192M | 69M | 250M | 253M | 12M | 41M | 83M | 72M | 43M | 43M | 36M | 30M | 29M | 10M | 9M | 9M | 15M | 8M | 238M | 290M | 272M | 357M | 464M | 552M | 810M | 269M | 510M | 192M |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -32M | 0 | 0 | -11M | 0 | -8M | -6M | -395M | -194M | -3M | -122M | -1M |
| Other Financing | -57M | -20M | -33M | 32M | -11M | -137M | 782M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -39M | 17M | -17M | 12M | 133M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -263M | 437M | -70M | 66M | -294M | 427M | -108M | -17M | -25M | -55M | -31M | 41M | 40M | 82M | -66M | -82M | 148M | -126M | -134M | -40M | -623M | 1.04B | 0 | 181M | 228M | 7M | 50M | 31M | 32M | 11M | 0 |
| Exchange Rate Effect | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 136M | -136M | 1M | 4M | -2M | 0 | 2M | 5M | 3M | 2M | 6M | -10M | -4M | 1M | -35M | -126M | 866M | 0 | -1M | 8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash at Beginning | 615M | 178M | 248M | 182M | 476M | 49M | 157M | 174M | 199M | 254M | 285M | 244M | 204M | 122M | 188M | 270M | 122M | 248M | 382M | 422M | 1.04B | 0 | 0 | 351M | 123M | 182M | 132M | 101M | 69M | 58M | 56M |
| Cash at End | 263M | 615M | 178M | 248M | 182M | 476M | 49M | 157M | 174M | 199M | 254M | 285M | 244M | 204M | 122M | 188M | 270M | 122M | 248M | 382M | 422M | 1.04B | 725M | 532M | 351M | 189M | 182M | 132M | 101M | 69M | 56M |
| Free Cash Flow | -2.04B | -1.59B | -648M | -910M | -1.52B | -257M | -1.03B | -314M | -371M | 40M | -43M | 76M | -130M | 96M | 14M | 287M | 138M | 30M | -233M | -1.35B | 18M | 6M | -127M | -786M | -133M | -845M | -579M | -2.65B | -779M | -927M | 2M |
| FCF Growth % | -131.51% | -145.22% | 28.79% | 40.09% | -491.05% | 75.17% | -229.62% | 15.36% | -1027.5% | 193.02% | -156.58% | 158.46% | -235.42% | 585.71% | -95.12% | 107.97% | 360% | 112.88% | 82.73% | -7594.44% | 200% | 104.72% | 83.84% | -490.98% | 84.26% | -45.94% | 78.13% | -239.79% | 15.97% | -46450% | 100.6% |
| FCF Margin % | -23.07% | -18.61% | -8.62% | -12.2% | -17.67% | -3.51% | -16.13% | -4.74% | -5.4% | 0.61% | -0.67% | 1.18% | -1.81% | 1.46% | 0.22% | 4.41% | 2.15% | 0.48% | -3.42% | -20.87% | 0.29% | 0.1% | -2.32% | -14.26% | -1.53% | -10.55% | -6.63% | -44.67% | -15.15% | -19.39% | 0.05% |
| FCF / Net Income % | -183.83% | -148.37% | -64.61% | -102.59% | -181.48% | -18.99% | -137.09% | -46.18% | -56.47% | 8.7% | -7.8% | 14.53% | -27.25% | 21.24% | 3.66% | 69.16% | 40.59% | 13.1% | -78.98% | 627.44% | -22.78% | -7.14% | -104.96% | 1746.67% | 20.46% | 184.1% | -1608.33% | -955.6% | -273.33% | -379.92% | 0.89% |
Regulatory capital recovery lag
As reported in quarterly financial statements, CMS generated $705 million in operating cash flow during 2026Q1, demonstrating the inherent stability of its regulated utility model despite the seasonal fluctuations that typically characterize the company's cash generation profile throughout the fiscal year.
The ability to consistently generate substantial operating cash flow suggests that the underlying regulatory framework in Michigan remains supportive of the company's core business. Investors should monitor whether this cash flow continues to provide sufficient coverage for fixed obligations as the company accelerates its transition toward a cleaner energy portfolio.
Based on the provided data, CMS recorded a capital expenditure of $1.0 billion in 2026Q1, which represents a significant investment intensity that is typical for a utility executing a multi-year grid modernization and renewable energy transition strategy within its regulated service territory.
This high level of capital deployment is the primary engine for rate base expansion, which is essential for long-term earnings growth. While the current burn rate is substantial, it appears to be a deliberate strategy to secure future regulatory recovery through prudent infrastructure investment.
According to recent filings, the company faced a free cash flow deficit of $334 million in 2026Q1, necessitating a reliance on external financing, including $166 million in net stock issuance, to bridge the gap between heavy infrastructure spending and internal cash generation.
The reliance on equity markets to fund capital projects may indicate that management is prioritizing balance sheet health over excessive leverage. Investors should watch for any shifts in the cost of capital, as sustained reliance on external funding could become more expensive in a higher interest rate environment.
As indicated by the reported figures, CMS maintained an OCF-to-dividend coverage ratio of 4.0x in 2026Q1, suggesting that the dividend remains well-supported by operating cash flows despite the significant capital expenditure requirements currently being undertaken by the utility.
This coverage ratio appears to provide a comfortable buffer, implying that the dividend is not currently at risk from the company's aggressive investment cycle. However, the sustainability of this payout will ultimately depend on the MPSC's willingness to grant timely rate increases that reflect the company's rising cost base.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying CMS stock.
CMS Energy Corporation (CMS) generated $2.23B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
CMS Energy Corporation (CMS) reported negative free cash flow of $1.59B in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
CMS Energy Corporation (CMS) spent $3.82B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, CMS Energy Corporation (CMS) returned $663.0M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.