Free cash flow remains highly inconsistent, oscillating between a peak of $1.1 billion in 2025Q3 and a trough of negative $813.9 million in 2025Q1 due to aggressive capital expenditure cycles.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'01 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 2.45B | 2.06B | 1.22B | 602.26M | 873.37M | 237.56M | 37.12M | 174.2M | -326.81M | 1.34B | 206.75M | -360.92M | 680.99M | 856.13M | 762.21M | -33.46M | 705.49M | 675.19M | 463.07M | 205.95M | -576K | 5.04M | -15.19M | -15.42M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 39.41% | 28.96% | 18.15% | 33.34% | 8.13% | 1.37% | 5.69% | -14.56% | 45.58% | 7.12% | -8.78% | 20.08% | 25.87% | 22.63% | -1.21% | 27.52% | 32.68% | 37.16% | 40.87% | -0.43% | 10.49% | -112.3% | - |
| Operating CF Growth % | 2565.51% | 68.89% | 102.24% | -31.04% | 267.64% | 539.98% | -78.69% | 153.3% | -124.38% | 548.44% | 157.29% | -153% | -20.46% | 12.32% | 2377.77% | -104.74% | 4.49% | 45.81% | 124.84% | 35855.38% | -111.43% | 133.19% | 1.52% | - |
| Net Income | 1.67B | 1.53B | 1.29B | 830.78M | -44.17M | 468.69M | 398.36M | -114.93M | 144.33M | -165.62M | -357.96M | 546.42M | 396.92M | 353.04M | -96.34M | -39.49M | 664.2M | 640.14M | 348.33M | 158.35M | 3.97M | -6.46M | -16.77M | -27.13M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 550.73M | 529.22M | 423.5M | 307.99M | 269.72M | 259.9M | 232.93M | 205.47M | 130.74M | 115.31M | 230.94M | 257.82M | 245.8M | 234.37M | 262.72M | 235.23M | 156.09M | 129.63M | 60.85M | 24.48M | 10.21M | 3.38M | 1.94M | 0 |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 23.42M | 19.22M | 28.1M | 34.22M | 28.66M | 20.9M | 29.27M | 37.43M | 34.15M | 35.12M | 28.71M | 44.9M | 43.81M | 55.08M | 36.97M | 114.43M | 30.25M | 88.74M | -28.66M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 5.16M | 25.61M | -54.75M | -60.81M | -12.8M | 49.85M | 36.01M | -59.92M | -10.11M | 173.37M | 123.86M | -17.53M | 14.07M | -20.88M | 14.59M | -155.5M | -58.04M | -35.04M | -12.97M | -55.88M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -402.38M | -172.82M | 12.23M | 16.75M | -366.68M | -225.08M | -96.99M | -119.13M | -299.57M | 16.4M | 662.76M | -27.07M | -10.44M | 47.98M | 340.6M | 348.64M | 5.17M | -4.02M | 62.32M | 8.8M | 12.65M | 4.91M | 1.43M | 11.71M |
| Working Capital Changes | 607.97M | 127.65M | -483.12M | -526.66M | 998.64M | -336.7M | -562.45M | 225.28M | -326.34M | 1.17B | -481.56M | -1.17B | -9.17M | 186.54M | 203.67M | -536.76M | -92.19M | -144.25M | 33.2M | 69.87M | -27.41M | 3.21M | -1.79M | 0 |
| Change in Receivables | -91.21M | 30.62M | -505.34M | -304.18M | 118.72M | -222.2M | -196.34M | 301.11M | -116.39M | 85.76M | 92.75M | -340.29M | 122.36M | 255.44M | -21.68M | -529.81M | -91.77M | -122.19M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 436.68M | 377.72M | -276.81M | -205.11M | 16.69M | -136.37M | -145.4M | -83.53M | -257.23M | 212.76M | 95.78M | 113.54M | -99.87M | 15.39M | -75.63M | -348.15M | -69.68M | -52.06M | -84.76M | -19.83M | -9.74M | -2.86M | -2.12M | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 84.91M | 4.68M | 268.73M | 79.33M | 5.57M | 34.92M | -43.28M | -336K | 96.44M | -47.19M | -191.64M | 143.87M | -52.34M | -93.26M | 174.32M | 94.67M | 126.17M | 83.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -825.49M | -765.17M | -1.56B | -472.79M | -1.19B | -99.04M | -131.23M | -362.3M | -682.71M | -626.8M | 144.52M | -112.14M | -511.88M | -537.11M | -383.73M | -676.46M | -742.09M | -701.69M | -308.44M | -547.25M | -159.99M | -43.83M | -7.79M | -2.85M |
| Capital Expenditures | -782.44M | -869.88M | -1.53B | -1.39B | -903.61M | -540.29M | -416.63M | -668.72M | -739.84M | -514.36M | -229.45M | -166.44M | -257.55M | -282.58M | -379.23M | -731.81M | -588.91M | -279.94M | -459.27M | -242.37M | -153.15M | -42.48M | -7.73M | 0 |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 14.44% | 16.67% | 36.28% | 41.79% | 34.5% | 18.48% | 15.37% | 21.83% | 32.97% | 17.49% | 7.9% | 4.05% | 7.59% | 8.54% | 11.26% | 26.46% | 22.97% | 13.55% | 36.85% | 48.09% | 113.47% | 88.39% | 57.19% | - |
| Acquisitions | 0 | 0 | 0 | -28.06M | 442.3M | 300.5M | 0 | 0 | 247.59M | 720K | 281.23M | -27.48M | -29.27M | -48.65M | -2.44M | -21.11M | -267.9M | 318K | 0 | -5.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -28.05M | -8.39M | -12.99M | -9.05M | -3.05M | -6.71M | -5.5M | -2.88M | 42.58M | 1.5M | -10.16M | 284.89M | -147.56M | 135.15M | -863K | -22.16M | 1.3M | -1.25M | -40.56M | -6.01M | -6.8M | -1.27M | 0 | -2.85M |
| Cash from Financing | -91.83M | -119.23M | 24.85M | 336.85M | 309.39M | 40.55M | -82.59M | 74.94M | 255.23M | 192.04M | -136.39M | 137.1M | 7.36M | 101.16M | -89.11M | 571.22M | 150.45M | -22.02M | 177.55M | 430.42M | 451.55M | 51.66M | 22.9M | 18.88M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -90.49M | -102.89M | 52.64M | 367.98M | 321.48M | 56.54M | -68.67M | 90.03M | 271.99M | 234.36M | -110.55M | 151.16M | 5.5M | -334.95M | -108.84M | 436.31M | 72.12M | -33.48M | 97.2M | 14.61M | 103.5M | 35M | 5M | 0 |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -278K | -15.53M | -20.18M | -31.13M | -12.09M | -15.99M | -13.12M | -16.09M | -11.18M | -5.14M | -20.41M | -18.19M | -23.1M | 428.19M | 176K | 8.33M | 9.38M | 5.96M | 16.04M | 376.14M | 302.75M | 15M | 17.9M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -278K | -15.53M | -20.18M | -31.13M | -12.09M | -15.99M | -13.12M | -16.09M | -11.18M | -5.14M | -20.41M | -18.19M | -23.1M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -1.06M | -810K | -7.61M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -804K | 999K | -5.58M | -37.18M | -5.43M | 4.13M | 24.96M | 7.93M | 19.56M | 126.58M | 68.95M | 5.5M | 64.32M | 39.67M | 45.3M | 1.66M | 0 | 18.88M |
| Net Change in Cash | 1.53B | 1.18B | -326.85M | 471.61M | 37.63M | 182.24M | -172.92M | -116.11M | -767.85M | 914.79M | 208.57M | -355.23M | 156.98M | 423.78M | 295.68M | -160.07M | 101.19M | -51.72M | 311.95M | 96.17M | 291.37M | 13.26M | -262K | 601K |
| Free Cash Flow | 1.67B | 1.19B | -308.08M | -784.51M | -30.24M | -302.73M | -379.51M | -494.52M | -1.07B | 826.32M | -22.7M | -527.36M | 423.44M | 573.55M | 382.98M | -765.28M | 116.58M | 395.25M | 3.8M | -36.42M | -153.73M | -37.44M | -22.92M | -15.42M |
| FCF Margin % | 30.78% | 22.75% | -7.32% | -23.64% | -1.15% | -10.36% | -14% | -16.14% | -47.53% | 28.09% | -0.78% | -12.82% | 12.49% | 17.33% | 11.37% | -27.67% | 4.55% | 19.13% | 0.3% | -7.23% | -113.89% | -77.9% | -169.49% | - |
| FCF Growth % | 270.83% | 485.37% | 60.73% | -2494.64% | 90.01% | 20.23% | 23.26% | 53.64% | -229.08% | 3740.34% | 95.7% | -224.54% | -26.17% | 49.76% | 150.04% | -756.45% | -70.51% | 10312.33% | 110.42% | 76.31% | -310.58% | -63.37% | -48.63% | - |
| FCF per Share | 15.50 | 11.04 | -2.87 | -7.31 | -0.28 | -2.83 | -3.56 | -4.70 | -10.05 | 7.92 | -0.22 | -5.18 | 4.17 | 6.01 | 4.41 | -8.89 | 1.35 | 4.65 | 0.05 | -0.47 | -2.64 | -0.77 | -0.52 | -0.29 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.00x | 1.35x | 0.94x | 0.72x | -19.77x | 0.51x | 0.09x | -1.52x | -2.26x | -8.10x | -0.50x | -0.61x | 1.72x | 2.44x | -7.91x | 0.85x | 1.06x | 1.05x | 1.33x | 1.30x | -0.14x | -0.78x | 0.91x | 0.57x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subsidy dependency and policy
As reported in recent financial statements, the relationship between net income and operating cash flow is highly erratic, with OCF/NI ratios swinging from a negative 2.90 in 2025Q1 to a positive 2.79 in 2025Q3, highlighting significant timing differences in revenue recognition and working capital management.
The wide variance between net income and operating cash flow suggests that reported earnings are not consistently backed by cash generation. Investors should monitor whether these fluctuations are merely timing issues related to project milestones or if they indicate a structural difficulty in converting accounting profits into actual liquidity.
Based on the provided cash flow data, free cash flow trajectory remains highly inconsistent, oscillating between a peak of $1.1 billion in 2025Q3 and a trough of negative $813.9 million in 2025Q1, illustrating the extreme sensitivity of cash generation to the company's aggressive manufacturing expansion cycle.
The inability to maintain positive free cash flow suggests that the company's current growth phase is heavily reliant on external funding or existing cash reserves. This trajectory warrants further investigation into whether the underlying business can sustain positive cash flow once the current capital expenditure cycle begins to moderate.
According to quarterly filings, capital expenditures have remained substantial, peaking at $433.9 million in 2024Q3, which underscores the company's commitment to scaling its proprietary thin-film production capacity despite the resulting pressure on near-term free cash flow and overall liquidity metrics.
The high capital intensity, evidenced by CapEx/Revenue ratios frequently exceeding 20%, indicates that the company is prioritizing long-term market share through infrastructure investment. This strategy appears to be a double-edged sword, as it builds a formidable moat while simultaneously creating a persistent drag on cash flow.
As indicated by recent financial disclosures, working capital changes have been the primary driver of cash flow volatility, with a massive $959.4 million outflow in 2025Q1 followed by an $833.8 million inflow in 2025Q4, reflecting the lumpy nature of utility-scale project payments and inventory management.
These dramatic swings in working capital suggest that the company's cash position is highly sensitive to the timing of large-scale project deliveries and customer payments. Analysts should interpret these movements as a reflection of the company's reliance on a concentrated customer base rather than operational inefficiency.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying FSLR stock.
First Solar, Inc. (FSLR) generated $2.06B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
First Solar, Inc. (FSLR) generated $1.19B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
First Solar, Inc. (FSLR) spent $869.9M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, First Solar, Inc. (FSLR) spent $15.5M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.