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GHCGraham Holdings Company
$1147.27$5.0B
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  3. GHC
  4. Financial Ratios

Graham Holdings Company (GHC) Financial Ratios

Latest Ratios: P/E Ratio 17.3x · EV/EBITDA 15.2x · ROE 6.4%. (1996–2025 historical series)

Income StatementBalance SheetCash FlowRatios
AnnualQuarterly

GHC Valuation Multiples

Price-based multiples — how expensive the stock is relative to earnings, sales, book value, and cash flow

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Market Cap$5.0B$4.8B$3.8B$3.2B$2.9B$3.1B$2.7B$3.4B$3.4B$3.1B$2.9B
Enterprise Value$6.4B$6.3B$4.7B$4.3B$3.9B$4.1B$3.3B$4.3B$3.7B$3.2B$2.7B
P/E Ratio →17.2616.535.3415.9043.828.949.1810.4412.6810.3617.18
P/S Ratio1.010.980.800.730.740.980.951.161.281.201.15
P/B Ratio1.030.990.890.800.770.710.721.021.181.061.16
P/FCF18.5817.9511.8519.4819.1178.4019.4347.5018.2214.9314.70
P/OCF14.6414.159.4412.4712.4015.4513.0120.6111.9811.5610.95

P/E links to full P/E history page with 30-year chart

GHC EV Ratios

Enterprise-value multiples — capital-structure-neutral measures of total business value

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
EV / Revenue—1.280.990.981.001.301.161.461.361.241.09
EV / EBITDA15.1914.7910.4911.629.5613.199.5212.2010.2212.838.56
EV / EBIT25.5711.033.9211.9422.388.547.519.3710.1414.789.45
EV / FCF—23.4314.6525.9825.78103.5823.7359.6319.4015.4213.89

GHC Profitability

Margins and return-on-capital ratios measuring operating efficiency

Margins

Full margin charts and quarterly trend are on the Earnings History page

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Gross Margin27.6%27.6%30.6%29.7%32.3%33.6%33.8%33.6%41.1%43.9%48.8%
Operating Margin5.1%5.1%4.5%1.6%2.1%2.4%3.5%4.9%9.1%5.3%9.0%
Net Profit Margin6.0%6.0%15.1%4.6%1.7%11.1%10.4%11.2%10.1%11.7%6.8%

Return on Capital

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
ROE6.4%6.4%17.3%5.2%1.6%8.6%8.4%10.5%9.3%11.2%6.8%
ROA3.6%3.6%9.7%3.0%1.0%5.1%4.9%6.1%5.6%6.4%3.8%
ROIC3.3%3.3%3.1%1.0%1.2%1.2%1.8%3.0%6.0%3.8%7.5%
ROCE3.7%3.7%3.5%1.2%1.4%1.3%1.9%3.3%6.1%3.6%6.2%

GHC Leverage & Debt

Solvency and debt-coverage ratios — lower is generally safer

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Debt / Equity0.360.360.270.310.320.260.270.320.160.170.20
Debt / EBITDA4.094.092.583.362.883.672.933.091.331.981.56
Net Debt / Equity—0.300.210.270.270.230.160.260.080.04-0.06
Net Debt / EBITDA3.463.462.012.912.473.211.732.480.620.41-0.50
Debt / FCF—5.482.806.516.6725.184.3012.131.190.50-0.81
Interest Coverage4.784.786.505.723.2414.2511.6315.329.546.398.08

GHC Liquidity & Efficiency

Short-term solvency ratios and asset-utilisation metrics

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Current Ratio1.751.751.751.501.471.581.871.601.891.982.29
Quick Ratio1.531.531.501.261.271.461.741.491.801.912.24
Cash Ratio0.980.980.930.710.690.831.060.780.951.081.34
Asset Turnover—0.590.620.610.600.430.450.490.570.520.56
Inventory Turnover11.7211.7211.2410.4411.7214.9515.8517.8922.8423.9936.48
Days Sales Outstanding—44.0139.7843.9850.3473.3571.5779.0481.4390.7296.58

GHC Shareholder Yields

Earnings, FCF, buyback, and dividend yields — total returns to shareholders

Dividends

Full dividend history and growth charts are on the Dividend History page

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Dividend Yield0.6%0.7%0.8%1.0%1.1%1.0%1.1%0.9%0.8%0.9%1.0%
Payout Ratio10.7%10.7%4.2%15.1%45.8%8.6%10.0%9.0%10.6%9.4%16.2%

Total Shareholder Return Metrics

MetricTTMFY 2025FY 2024FY 2023FY 2022FY 2021FY 2020FY 2019FY 2018FY 2017FY 2016
Earnings Yield5.8%6.1%18.7%6.3%2.3%11.2%10.9%9.6%7.9%9.7%5.8%
FCF Yield5.4%5.6%8.4%5.1%5.2%1.3%5.1%2.1%5.5%6.7%6.8%
Buyback Yield0.1%0.1%3.0%6.0%2.4%1.8%5.9%0.1%3.4%1.6%3.8%
Total Shareholder Yield0.7%0.7%3.8%6.9%3.5%2.7%7.0%0.9%4.3%2.6%4.8%
Shares Outstanding—$4M$4M$5M$5M$5M$5M$5M$5M$6M$6M

Key Metrics

Growth RegimeStable
ProfitabilityStable
Balance SheetAdequate
Cash FlowMixed
Top Statement Risk

Earnings volatility from non-operating items

Verified Source

Metrics are mathematically derived from official filings.

SEC 10-K (2026Q2)

Conglomerate Discount Masks Mixed Signals

GHC trades at 17.7x trailing earnings and 1.06x book value, per recent filings, a discount to pure-play education peers but a premium to asset-heavy conglomerates, reflecting its diversified mix.

The forward P/E of 17.07 is only slightly below trailing, implying the market expects modest earnings growth, yet the PEG of 6.52 suggests that growth is priced at a steep premium relative to its pace. EV/EBITDA of 15.5x is elevated versus the forward 7.58x, indicating that current EBITDA is depressed by one-time items or cyclical troughs. The low P/B of 1.06 suggests the market assigns little value to the asset base beyond book, consistent with a holding company structure where sum-of-parts is often undervalued.

Margins Stable but Earnings Quality Questioned

Gross margin hovered near 30% in 2026Q2, while operating margin was 6.4%, per financial statements, but net margin swung to 21.6% due to non-operating gains, obscuring underlying profitability.

Operating margin has been range-bound between 2.2% and 6.8% over the past ten quarters, indicating limited operating leverage and cost control challenges. The net margin of 21.6% in 2026Q2 is artificially inflated by non-operating items, as evidenced by the prior quarter's 2.4% net margin. Investors should focus on operating margin as the cleaner measure of earning power, since it excludes the volatile investment gains and losses that distort net income.

ROIC Stagnant Despite Equity Growth

ROIC has remained below 1.2% for ten consecutive quarters, as reported in financial statements, while ROE fluctuated wildly from -0.5% to 13.1%, indicating that capital deployment is not generating incremental returns.

The persistently low ROIC, averaging around 0.9%, suggests that acquisitions and internal investments are not yielding returns above the cost of capital. ROE's volatility is driven by non-operating gains and losses, not operational efficiency, as seen in the 2024Q4 spike to 13.1% followed by a drop to 0.6% in 2026Q1. This pattern implies that the company is not compounding returns on its invested capital, and the low asset turnover of 0.16x further confirms that the asset base is not being utilized effectively.

Working Capital Cycle Lengthens Slightly

Cash conversion cycle improved to 28 days in 2026Q2 from 59 days in 2024Q1, per quarterly data, driven by faster receivable collection and extended payable terms, but DPO volatility remains a concern.

The reduction in CCC is primarily due to DSO falling from 41 to 36 days and DPO rising from 16 to 40 days, indicating improved working capital management. However, the DPO spike in 2026Q2 may reflect timing of payments rather than a structural shift, as it had been stable around 16-18 days in prior quarters. The low asset turnover of 0.16x suggests that the company's heavy goodwill and intangibles from acquisitions are not generating proportional revenue, warranting scrutiny of capital allocation efficiency.

Debt Service Comfortable but Coverage Volatile

Debt-to-equity remained moderate at 0.28 in 2026Q2, per balance sheet data, but interest coverage swung from 128x in 2025Q4 to 3.5x in 2026Q1, reflecting earnings volatility rather than leverage stress.

The D/E ratio has been stable between 0.26 and 0.36 over the past ten quarters, indicating a conservative capital structure. However, interest coverage is highly erratic, with a low of 0.84x in 2024Q2, suggesting that in quarters with depressed operating income, debt service could become strained. The D/EBITDA of 10.65x in 2026Q2 is elevated, but this is distorted by low EBITDA; on a normalized basis, leverage appears manageable, though investors should monitor the sustainability of coverage ratios.

Liquidity Buffer Adequate but Cash Thin

Current ratio improved to 1.86 in 2026Q2 from 1.57 in 2024Q1, per financial statements, but cash of $156.8M is modest relative to $1.7B debt, indicating reliance on operating cash flow.

The quick ratio of 1.59 suggests that current assets, excluding inventory, comfortably cover short-term liabilities, providing a cushion against operational disruptions. However, the absolute cash balance is low, and the company's ability to weather a severe downturn depends on its ability to generate operating cash flow, which has been volatile. The negative FCF in 2025Q4 and 2024Q1 highlights that liquidity could tighten if earnings and working capital trends deteriorate simultaneously.

Trading at Discount to Media Peers

GHC's P/E of 17.7x is below NYT's 31x and NWS's 31.6x, per peer data, but its ROIC of 1.1% lags NYT's 18.7%, indicating the discount is justified by lower returns.

Compared to media peers, GHC appears cheap on a P/E basis, but the low ROIC and net margin of 21.6% (which is inflated by non-operating items) suggest that the quality of earnings is inferior. The EV/EBITDA of 15.5x is higher than NWS's 12.24x, implying that the market is not rewarding GHC for its diversification. The discount to NYT is structural, given NYT's superior profitability and asset-light model, while GHC's conglomerate structure and volatile earnings warrant a lower multiple.

P/E Misleading Due to Earnings Volatility

The P/E ratio is the most misapplied metric for GHC, as net income swings from -$21M to $548.8M, per quarterly reports, making trailing P/E unreliable for valuation.

Given the extreme volatility in net income, driven by non-operating gains and losses, the P/E ratio can mislead investors about the company's true earning power. For instance, the 2024Q4 net margin of 44.1% was a one-time event, and the subsequent quarters show much lower profitability. A more appropriate metric is EV/EBITDA on a normalized basis, or price-to-operating cash flow, which smooths out non-cash items. Investors should adjust for non-recurring items and use a multi-year average earnings figure to derive a more stable valuation multiple.

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GHC — Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers to the most common questions about buying GHC stock.

What is Graham Holdings Company's P/E ratio?

Graham Holdings Company's current P/E ratio is 17.3x. The historical average is 15.5x. This places it at the 79th percentile of its historical range.

What is Graham Holdings Company's EV/EBITDA?

Graham Holdings Company's current EV/EBITDA is 15.2x. This enterprise value multiple compares the company's total value (equity + debt - cash) to its EBITDA. The historical average is 8.1x.

What is Graham Holdings Company's ROE?

Graham Holdings Company's return on equity (ROE) is 6.4%. The historical average is 11.1%.

Is GHC stock overvalued?

Based on historical data, Graham Holdings Company is trading at a P/E of 17.3x. This is at the 79th percentile of its historical P/E range. Compare with industry peers and growth rates for a complete picture.

What is Graham Holdings Company's dividend yield?

Graham Holdings Company's current dividend yield is 0.63% with a payout ratio of 10.7%.

What are Graham Holdings Company's profit margins?

Graham Holdings Company has 27.6% gross margin and 5.1% operating margin.

How much debt does Graham Holdings Company have?

Graham Holdings Company's Debt/EBITDA ratio is 4.1x, indicating high leverage. A ratio above 4x may signal elevated financial risk.