Cash flow generation remains volatile, highlighted by a $37.1 million working capital outflow in 2025Q4 and an OCF/NI ratio that fluctuated to negative 1.17 in the same period.
| Metric | TTM | Sep'25 | Sep'24 | Sep'23 | Sep'22 | Sep'21 | Sep'20 | Sep'19 | Sep'18 | Sep'17 | Sep'16 | Sep'15 | Sep'14 | Sep'13 | Sep'12 | Sep'11 | Sep'10 | Sep'09 | Sep'08 | Sep'07 | Sep'06 | Sep'05 | Sep'04 | Sep'03 | Sep'02 | Sep'01 | Sep'00 | Sep'99 | Sep'98 | Sep'97 | Sep'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 15.87M | 27.16M | 58.21M | 142.2M | 5.67M | 69.88M | 56.22M | 6.61M | 53.97M | 20.3M | 54.54M | 35.77M | 29.23M | 36.83M | 13.14M | -2.91M | 12.88M | 22.12M | 36.75M | 16.92M | 44.84M | 44.46M | 27.77M | 3.76M | 7.84M | -733K | 24.52M | 13.71M | 14.52M | 7.28M | 18.31M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 4.19% | 11% | 21.9% | 0.69% | 11.83% | 11.9% | 1.45% | 11.91% | 5.22% | 13.03% | 7.99% | 7.15% | 10.12% | 3.62% | -0.86% | 6.09% | 9.61% | 10.39% | 5.68% | 13.61% | 12.87% | 8.35% | 1.77% | 3.13% | -0.24% | 7.78% | 5.06% | 5.45% | 2.77% | 6.86% |
| Operating CF Growth % | -3.76% | -53.33% | -59.07% | 2407.94% | -91.89% | 24.29% | 750.85% | -87.76% | 165.82% | -62.77% | 52.45% | 22.38% | -20.63% | 180.19% | 552.15% | -122.57% | -41.78% | -39.8% | 117.22% | -62.27% | 0.84% | 60.11% | 637.95% | -52.03% | 1170.26% | -102.99% | 78.84% | -5.57% | 99.49% | -60.25% | 294.34% |
| Net Income | 42.52M | 41.02M | 19.3M | 32.41M | 125.01M | 66.61M | 19.01M | 5.6M | 36.27M | 22.55M | 37.24M | 21.71M | 16.64M | 11.73M | 1.81M | -387K | 458K | -20.94M | 43.75M | 24.16M | 33.04M | 25.05M | 36.72M | 6.72M | -25.72M | 4.54M | 2.12M | 9.91M | -4.25M | 2.54M | 4.24M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 18.32M | 18.39M | 15.41M | 13.3M | 14.49M | 14.52M | 14.26M | 13.55M | 12.82M | 11.65M | 11.54M | 11.93M | 10.27M | 9.83M | 9.76M | 9.57M | 7.01M | 7.88M | 7.77M | 6.21M | 5.11M | 7.07M | 8.12M | 7.06M | 8.35M | 13M | 11.2M | 8.91M | 8.74M | 8.22M | 8.06M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 3.56M | 3.49M | 3.07M | 2.42M | 2.43M | 1.99M | 2.03M | 2.06M | 2.08M | 2.25M | 2.44M | 2.3M | 2.66M | 2.16M | 2.21M | 2.92M | 2.35M | 2.04M | 1.76M | 1.26M | 1.17M | 805K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | -483K | -748K | 4.2M | 238K | 327K | -118K | -424K | 1.8M | -2.81M | 2.5M | 536K | 333K | 41K | 3.88M | 835K | 209K | -1.12M | 422K | 484K | 2M | -1.63M | 2M | 7.46M | -6.83M | -16K | -11.38M | 1.14M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -16.69M | 726K | -1.38M | -3.75M | -779K | 72K | -1.15M | -1.81M | -107K | -1.22M | -1.43M | -2.23M | -2.61M | -810K | -1.64M | 1.92M | 4.23M | 26.6M | -497K | -123K | 2.95M | -1.25M | 53K | 106K | 27.64M | -67K | 774K | 0 | 0 | 4K | 1.25M |
| Working Capital Changes | -31.35M | -35.71M | 17.61M | 97.56M | -135.8M | -13.2M | 22.5M | -14.59M | 5.72M | -17.42M | 4.2M | 1.73M | 2.23M | 10.03M | 170K | -17.14M | -46K | 6.12M | -16.52M | -16.59M | 4.19M | 10.78M | -24.58M | -3.29M | -2.41M | -6.83M | 9.28M | -5.11M | 10.03M | -3.49M | 4.76M |
| Change in Receivables | -1.59M | -20.41M | 5.12M | 18.22M | -13.73M | -14.1M | -5.81M | 7.3M | -11.2M | 7.11M | -607K | 4.27M | -2.08M | 1.03M | -167K | -17M | -2.49M | 28.3M | -15.06M | 3M | 1.08M | 1.67M | -13.58M | 0 | 5.65M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -95.01M | -36.47M | 14.47M | 94.35M | -118.61M | -10.09M | 5.06M | 23.31M | -12.3M | -10.67M | -5.18M | 15.89M | -16.81M | 6.98M | 10.6M | -11.87M | -7.71M | 6.74M | -23.82M | -604K | -15.23M | 7.24M | -10.14M | 2.39M | -1.17M | 12.53M | 8.37M | -4.17M | 13.9M | -12.76M | 8.72M |
| Change in Payables | 21.57M | 19.26M | -639K | -16.95M | -1.96M | 11.89M | 20.16M | -42.59M | 28.23M | -11.93M | 9.01M | -17.86M | 21.33M | 1.65M | -9.56M | 12.44M | -3.69M | -14.76M | 18.7M | -17.02M | 18.46M | 531K | 737K | 0 | -8.48M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -5.66M | -75.67M | -19.64M | -20.9M | -6.04M | -17.8M | -23.17M | -9.56M | -21.94M | -20.88M | -12.97M | -3.04M | -40.38M | -6.29M | -8.19M | -41.39M | 420K | -2.17M | -8.25M | -17.06M | -7.55M | -3.92M | -3.02M | -716K | 18.17M | 5.98M | -74.09M | -21.84M | 2.37M | -26.44M | -13.4M |
| Capital Expenditures | -9.21M | -8.21M | -19.15M | -30.7M | -15.9M | -17.5M | -7.11M | -10.51M | -18.45M | -20.57M | -12.98M | -8.61M | -8.96M | -6.92M | -8.07M | -7.94M | -1.49M | -2.38M | -9.46M | -17.01M | -18.96M | -6.61M | -3.04M | -962K | -528K | -2.26M | -9.23M | -7.34M | -6.71M | -27.08M | -13.19M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 1.34% | 1.27% | 3.62% | 4.73% | 1.92% | 2.96% | 1.51% | 2.31% | 4.07% | 5.29% | 3.1% | 1.92% | 2.19% | 1.9% | 2.22% | 2.36% | 0.71% | 1.03% | 2.67% | 5.71% | 5.75% | 1.91% | 0.91% | 0.45% | 0.21% | 0.75% | 2.93% | 2.71% | 2.52% | 10.32% | 4.95% |
| Acquisitions | -633K | -72.09M | 4K | 9.92M | 0 | 0 | -18.36M | 1.21M | -3.3M | 0 | 240K | 480K | -33.94M | 0 | 0 | -37.31M | 0 | 228K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.45M | 8.08M | -1.45M | -8.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 4.18M | 4.63M | -492K | -118K | 9.86M | -305K | 2.3M | -255K | -190K | -305K | 5K | 5.09M | 2.52M | 623K | -162K | 2.92M | 1.91M | -215K | 1.21M | -49K | 11.41M | 2.69M | 24K | 246K | 2.25M | 160K | -63.41M | -8.32M | 8.86M | 0 | -212K |
| Cash from Financing | -21.82M | -24.4M | -52.7M | -43.95M | -41.2M | -30.88M | -2.54M | -2.81M | -20.19M | -26.19M | -15.95M | -2.53M | -1.25M | -15.1M | -4.95M | -1.63M | -2.47M | -11.35M | -10.71M | -1.84M | -22.01M | -41.49M | -22.74M | -3.05M | -26.66M | -4.29M | 51.98M | 8.54M | -17.91M | 17.72M | -3.74M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 18.25M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -11K | -207K | 0 | -11.47M | -2.26M | 656K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -11.86M | -40.51M | -17.09M | -3.35M | -27.07M | -4.29M | 53.99M | 10.45M | -15.93M | 19.73M | -1.97M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -1.21M | -2.21M | -1.84M | -2.33M | -1.2M | 1.08M | -230K | -239K | 2.08M | 107K | 5.07M | 200K | 1.13M | 3.42M | 2K | 21K | 140K | 66K | -8.57M | 162K | -8.17M | 175K | 418K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19K | 111K | 44K | 10K | 243K |
| Dividends Paid | -21.73M | -21.76M | -50.94M | -41.25M | -41.16M | -31.29M | -2.31M | -2.31M | -21.33M | -26.01M | -20.86M | -2.21M | -2.19M | -6.6M | -2.12M | -2.11M | -2.11M | -11.38M | -2.14M | -2.18M | -2.22M | -566K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2.03M | -2.03M | -2.03M | -2.02M | -2.02M |
| Share Repurchases | -1.28M | -2.27M | -1.84M | -2.33M | -1.2M | 0 | 0 | -239K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -8.69M | 0 | -8.53M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -17.13M | -425K | 76K | -193K | 1.17M | -665K | 0 | -263K | -942K | -287K | -144K | -309K | -183K | -455K | -578K | -194K | -498K | -32K | 2K | 172K | 243K | -592K | -6.08M | 300K | 400K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -21K |
| Net Change in Cash | -12.34M | -72.91M | -14.13M | 77.35M | -41.57M | 21.2M | 30.51M | -5.76M | 11.84M | -26.77M | 25.61M | 30.21M | -12.39M | 15.43M | 0 | -45.92M | 10.83M | 8.61M | 17.79M | -1.99M | 9.32M | -946K | 2.01M | 0 | -652K | 953K | 2.4M | 405K | -657K | -344K | 1.16M |
| Free Cash Flow | 6.65M | 18.95M | 39.06M | 111.5M | -10.23M | 52.38M | 49.11M | -3.9M | 35.52M | -272K | 41.56M | 27.16M | 20.28M | 29.91M | 5.08M | -10.84M | 11.39M | 19.75M | 27.29M | -95K | 25.88M | 37.85M | 24.73M | 2.8M | 7.32M | -2.99M | 15.29M | 6.36M | 7.81M | -19.8M | 5.12M |
| FCF Margin % | 0.96% | 2.93% | 7.38% | 17.18% | -1.24% | 8.87% | 10.39% | -0.86% | 7.84% | -0.07% | 9.93% | 6.07% | 4.96% | 8.22% | 1.4% | -3.22% | 5.38% | 8.58% | 7.71% | -0.03% | 7.85% | 10.96% | 7.43% | 1.32% | 2.91% | -1% | 4.85% | 2.35% | 2.93% | -7.55% | 1.92% |
| FCF Growth % | -83.71% | -51.48% | -64.97% | 1189.91% | -119.53% | 6.65% | 1357.94% | -110.99% | 13158.82% | -100.65% | 53.01% | 33.95% | -32.21% | 489.03% | 146.83% | -195.24% | -42.33% | -27.66% | 28829.47% | -100.37% | -31.64% | 53.09% | 782.76% | -61.72% | 344.72% | -119.56% | 140.18% | -18.5% | 139.44% | -487% | 661.58% |
| FCF per Share | 0.34 | 0.97 | 2.00 | 5.70 | -0.52 | 2.68 | 2.53 | -0.20 | 1.84 | -0.01 | 2.18 | 1.44 | 1.09 | 1.63 | 0.28 | -0.62 | 0.65 | 1.14 | 1.54 | -0.01 | 1.40 | 2.04 | 1.34 | 0.17 | 0.43 | -0.18 | 0.90 | 0.38 | 0.45 | -1.17 | 0.30 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.16x | 0.66x | 3.02x | 4.39x | 0.05x | 1.05x | 2.96x | 1.18x | 1.49x | 0.90x | 1.46x | 1.65x | 1.76x | 3.14x | 7.27x | 7.51x | 27.23x | -1.00x | 0.84x | 0.70x | 1.36x | 1.78x | 0.76x | 0.56x | -0.30x | 0.03x | 11.56x | 1.37x | -181.46x | -21.34x | 4.32x |
| Interest Paid | 1.86M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 143K | 30K | 20K | 753K | 356K | 90K | 133K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 6.37M | 10.78M | 3.33M | 7.83M | 41.48M | 16.8M | 1.92M | 1.74M | 7.78M | 9.3M | 19.18M | 7.8M | 7.89M | 2.67M | 176K | 489K | 189K | 11.45M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Working Capital Volatility
As reported in recent financial filings, the relationship between net income and operating cash flow has become increasingly erratic, with the OCF/NI ratio swinging from a high of 17.56 in 2025Q1 to a negative 1.17 in 2025Q4, signaling significant volatility in cash conversion quality.
The frequent divergence between accounting profits and cash generation suggests that earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash accruals and timing differences in the steel procurement cycle. Investors should monitor whether this instability reflects genuine operational friction or merely the accounting impact of fluctuating raw material costs on inventory valuation.
Based on the company's quarterly cash flow statements, free cash flow margins have exhibited extreme instability, plummeting from a peak of 15.0% in 2025Q3 to a negative 10.6% in 2025Q4, which underscores the difficulty in maintaining consistent cash generation during periods of shifting demand.
The inability to sustain positive free cash flow suggests that the company's capital-intensive nature leaves little room for error when revenue growth slows. This trajectory warrants further investigation into whether the current cash burn is a temporary byproduct of inventory management or a structural decline in core profitability.
According to recent SEC filings, working capital changes have been the primary driver of cash flow volatility, with quarterly fluctuations ranging from a $37.1 million outflow in 2025Q4 to a $10.6 million inflow in 2026Q2, highlighting the sensitivity of the balance sheet to inventory and receivable cycles.
These massive swings in working capital suggest that the company is frequently forced to tie up cash in inventory to manage the volatile steel wire rod supply chain. Such dynamics may mask the underlying operational efficiency, as cash flow appears more tethered to commodity price cycles than to actual sales volume.
As indicated in financial statements, the company has maintained a consistent dividend policy despite significant cash flow variability, with total dividend payments reaching $20.0 million in 2026Q1, a move that appears aggressive given the concurrent periods of negative free cash flow.
While the fortress balance sheet provides a buffer for these distributions, the decision to prioritize shareholder returns during periods of cash burn may limit the firm's flexibility for future strategic investments. Analysts should monitor whether this capital allocation strategy remains sustainable if the current cyclical downturn in construction demand persists.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying IIIN stock.
Insteel Industries, Inc. (IIIN) generated $27.2M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Insteel Industries, Inc. (IIIN) generated $18.9M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Insteel Industries, Inc. (IIIN) spent $8.2M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Insteel Industries, Inc. (IIIN) returned $21.8M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $2.3M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.