Financial strain is evident as the debt-to-equity ratio spiked to 1.43 in 2026Q1, while total assets have eroded significantly from $171.0 million in 2023Q4 to $49.8 million.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 |
|---|
| Total Current Assets | 39.44M | 61.12M | 97.83M | 153.11M | 315.24M | 448.44M | 471.17M | 94.2M | 87.81M | 138.36M | 124.6M | 171.85M | 98.95M | 58.68M | 15.97M | 31.91M | 22.88M | 44.57M | 15.26M | 29M | 24.47M | 18.32M | 18.44M | 13.75M | 2.7M | 3.61M | 8.25M | 11.61M |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 37.68M | 58.51M | 94.11M | 145.29M | 253M | 401.31M | 411.64M | 89.53M | 81.23M | 127.43M | 104.77M | 162.99M | 93.62M | 52.63M | 13.68M | 30.21M | 21.84M | 43.84M | 14.12M | 27.25M | 23.02M | 17.17M | 17.89M | 13.46M | 875.44K | 1.81M | 6.53M | 9.74M |
| Cash Only | 26.27M | 44.27M | 65.81M | 14.31M | 46.33M | 71.14M | 250.73M | 22.2M | 23.69M | 23.79M | 19.14M | 57.63M | 40.54M | 33.72M | 5.65M | 17.35M | 20M | 30.3M | 14.12M | 10.25M | 8.32M | 17.17M | 17.89M | 13.46M | 875.44K | 1.81M | 3.72M | 9.74M |
| Short-Term Investments | 11.41M | 14.24M | 28.3M | 130.98M | 206.67M | 330.17M | 160.91M | 67.34M | 57.54M | 103.64M | 85.63M | 105.36M | 53.08M | 18.91M | 8.03M | 12.86M | 1.85M | 13.54M | 0 | 17M | 14.7M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.81M | 0 |
| Accounts Receivable | 0 | 450 | 1.2M | 2.41M | 11.74M | 8.03M | 19.06M | 2.03M | 4.05M | 6.49M | 16.57M | 7.33M | 2.8M | 3.3M | 866.67K | 506.31K | 105.04K | 318.06K | 671.19K | 1.14M | 326.07K | 284.17K | 424.16K | 175K | 75.59K | 940.33K | 903.53K | 1.12M |
| Days Sales Outstanding | - | 2.51 | 2.01K | 1.06K | 417.5 | 1.65K | 938.88 | 180.38 | 48.56 | 56.11 | 171 | 65.97 | 97.88 | 89.48 | 76.81 | 18.87 | 6.24 | 12.73 | 116.79 | 86.55 | 34.32 | 18.97 | 132.65 | 793.19 | 145.58 | 77.08 | 64.95 | 49.27 |
| Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 847.91K | 756.54K | 611.64K |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 160.76 | 189.45 | 186.04 |
| Other Current Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.43K | 30.38M | 261.19K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 342.57K | 61.84K | 62.73K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.52M | 0 | 0 | 139.42K |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 10.34M | 13.19M | 15.37M | 17.84M | 33.29M | 47.5M | 68.6M | 49.75M | 43.3M | 48.88M | 49.11M | 41.99M | 32.84M | 29.6M | 29.17M | 29.2M | 33.19M | 36.06M | 23.72M | 10.77M | 11.48M | 10.66M | 2.51M | 2.48M | 2.72M | 3.03M | 3.24M | 2.4M |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 8.33M | 9.07M | 11.77M | 14.45M | 17.96M | 29.02M | 24.09M | 26.56M | 15.95M | 18.32M | 9.03M | 7.31M | 4.58M | 2.89M | 363.02K | 295.79K | 276.8K | 343.46K | 353.81K | 401.73K | 390.79K | 375.61K | 155.25K | 175.9K | 295.32K | 648.18K | 904.03K | 1.01M |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 0.00x | 0.01x | 0.02x | 0.06x | 0.57x | 0.06x | 0.31x | 0.15x | 1.91x | 2.30x | 3.92x | 5.55x | 2.28x | 4.67x | 11.35x | 33.12x | 22.20x | 26.55x | 5.93x | 11.97x | 8.87x | 14.56x | 7.52x | 0.46x | 0.64x | 6.87x | 5.62x | 8.18x |
| Goodwill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.51M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 10.11M | 3.9M | 3.9M | 4.29M | 4.29M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intangible Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.13M | 2.63M | 3.15M | 3.69M | 4.76M | 6.01M | 7.63M | 3.91M | 4.78M | 5.72M | 7.49M | 9.31M | 11.18M | 12.97M | 10.13M | 6.19M | 6.66M | 5.99M | 2.36M | 0 | 2.43M | 0 | 0 | 1.35M |
| Long-Term Investments | 7.68M | 2.1M | 1.61M | 2.78M | 2.01M | 3.91M | 4.89M | 6.32M | 9.41M | 11.39M | 19.83M | 19.99M | 12.34M | 9.66M | 10.7M | 9.07M | 11.36M | 12.33M | 9.17M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 2.01M | 2.01M | 1.98M | 605.32K | 684.04K | 1.43M | 25.96M | 2.67M | 2.67M | 2.64M | 2.11M | 676.8K | 1.02M | 1.22M | 501.8K | 408.32K | 259.13K | 305.55K | 167.25K | 282K | 132K | 0 | 0 | 2.3M | 0 | 2.38M | 2.33M | 33.46K |
| Total Assets | 49.78M | 74.31M | 113.2M | 170.95M | 348.53M | 495.94M | 539.77M | 143.95M | 131.11M | 187.24M | 173.71M | 213.84M | 131.79M | 88.29M | 45.14M | 61.11M | 56.07M | 80.63M | 38.99M | 39.78M | 35.95M | 28.98M | 20.95M | 16.23M | 5.42M | 6.63M | 11.49M | 14.01M |
| Asset Turnover | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.00x | 0.03x | 0.00x | 0.01x | 0.03x | 0.23x | 0.23x | 0.20x | 0.19x | 0.08x | 0.15x | 0.09x | 0.16x | 0.11x | 0.11x | 0.05x | 0.12x | 0.10x | 0.19x | 0.06x | 0.00x | 0.03x | 0.67x | 0.44x | 0.59x |
| Asset Growth % | -161.5% | -34.35% | -33.78% | -50.95% | -29.72% | -8.12% | 274.97% | 9.79% | -29.98% | 7.79% | -18.77% | 62.26% | 49.27% | 95.59% | -26.13% | 8.99% | -30.46% | 106.81% | -1.98% | 10.64% | 24.05% | 38.31% | 29.1% | 199.47% | -18.31% | -42.25% | -18.03% | - |
| Total Current Liabilities | 37.92M | 43.67M | 35.33M | 42.57M | 96.87M | 65.74M | 41.71M | 31.99M | 35.3M | 35.41M | 43.82M | 31.47M | 14.09M | 28.97M | 8.38M | 11.04M | 6.44M | 19.35M | 14.71M | 3.35M | 6.86M | 4.14M | 5.4M | 1.16M | 1.66M | 1.61M | 1.51M | 2.11M |
| Accounts Payable | 1.99M | 2.62M | 6.44M | 4.65M | 21.08M | 27.97M | 1.47M | 7.65M | 11.02M | 8.49M | 6.99M | 4.46M | 2.03M | 2.39M | 1.04M | 1.16M | 0 | 1.57M | 377.33K | 1.81M | 2.01M | 1.86M | 2.16M | 827.65K | 0 | 1.46M | 1.39M | 1.78M |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 651.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.26K | 3.3K | - | - | - | 277.31 | 348.98 | 542.66 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.77M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.11M | 12.11M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 331.16K | 0 | 27.48K | 68.93K | 53.1K |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.63K | 46.63K | 124.13K | 257.15K | 1.35M | 15.17M | 13.95M | 3.58M | 2.01M | 741.93K | 468.04K | 795.9K | 270.33K | 523.54K | 973.43K | 633.73K | 1.21M | 1.05M | 0 | 202.65K | 115.02K | 50.03K | 0 |
| Other Current Liabilities | 27.02M | 36.44M | 23.26M | 9.95M | 15.14M | 20.71M | 20.66M | 15.74M | 14.73M | 9.24M | 8.15M | 5.84M | 5.07M | 22.13M | 4.42M | 7.19M | 370.93K | 2.77M | 309.4K | 0 | 3.54M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.43M | 0 | 0 | 268.67K |
| Current Ratio | 1.04x | 1.40x | 2.77x | 3.60x | 3.25x | 6.82x | 11.30x | 2.94x | 2.49x | 3.91x | 2.84x | 5.46x | 7.02x | 2.03x | 1.91x | 2.89x | 3.55x | 2.30x | 1.04x | 8.65x | 3.57x | 4.43x | 3.41x | 11.87x | 1.63x | 2.25x | 5.45x | 5.52x |
| Quick Ratio | 1.04x | 1.40x | 2.77x | 3.60x | 3.25x | 6.82x | 11.30x | 2.94x | 2.49x | 3.91x | 2.84x | 5.46x | 7.02x | 2.03x | 1.91x | 2.89x | 3.55x | 2.30x | 1.04x | 8.65x | 3.57x | 4.43x | 3.41x | 11.87x | 1.63x | 1.72x | 4.95x | 5.22x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -39.47 | -94.58 | -307.35 |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 5.79M | 6.55M | 9.37M | 11.03M | 29.3M | 30.53M | 36.93M | 106.56M | 8.78M | 9.35M | 6.51M | 6.44M | 6.16M | 6.42M | 1.9M | 2.2M | 2.53M | 93.93K | 5.17M | 5.39M | 5.59M | 1.37M | 0 | 22.54K | 35.85K | 65.52K | 83.43K | 75.26K |
| Long-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.61M | 14.96M | 18.66M | 77.02M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65.29K |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 27.62M | 6.55M | 9.37M | 11.03M | 12.66M | 15.46M | 18.06M | 20.41M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.64K | 48.53K | 0 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.05K | 32.05K | 32.05K | 32.05K | 24.77K | 24.77K | 174.79K | 175.64K | 504.05K | 195.78K | 164.39K | 78.86K | 53.19K | 0 | 887.25K | 950.25K | 1.01M | 1.08M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.83K | 95.16K | 8.99M | 8.61M | 9.1M | 5.93M | 5.49M | 4.65M | 3.01M | 65.08K | 80.88K | 67.11K | 11.34K | 14.9K | 4.44M | 4.57M | 296.08K | 0 | 22.54K | 35.85K | 44.88K | 34.9K | 9.97K |
| Total Liabilities | 43.71M | 50.21M | 44.69M | 53.6M | 126.17M | 96.27M | 78.63M | 138.55M | 44.08M | 44.75M | 50.33M | 37.91M | 20.25M | 35.38M | 10.28M | 13.24M | 8.97M | 19.44M | 19.88M | 8.74M | 12.45M | 5.51M | 5.4M | 1.18M | 1.69M | 1.67M | 1.6M | 2.18M |
| Total Debt | 8.7M | 9.37M | 11.87M | 30.21M | 32.07M | 33.02M | 39.05M | 99.51M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.11M | 12.11M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 331.16K | 20.64K | 48.12K | 117.46K | 118.38K |
| Net Debt | -17.58M | -34.91M | -53.95M | 15.9M | -14.25M | -38.12M | -211.68M | 77.31M | -23.69M | -23.79M | -19.14M | -57.63M | -40.54M | -33.72M | -5.65M | -17.35M | -20M | -18.18M | -2.01M | -10.25M | -8.32M | -17.17M | -17.89M | -13.13M | -854.8K | -1.76M | -3.6M | -9.62M |
| Debt / Equity | 1.43x | 0.39x | 0.17x | 0.26x | 0.14x | 0.08x | 0.08x | 18.41x | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.20x | 0.63x | - | - | - | - | 0.02x | 0.01x | 0.01x | 0.01x | 0.01x |
| Debt / EBITDA | -0.11x | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 0.22x | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Coverage | - | - | -602.12x | -109.50x | -220.42x | -155.59x | -17.72x | -14.20x | - | -3400.29x | -554.66x | - | - | - | - | -648.26x | - | -1.33x | - | - | - | - | - | -323.89x | -1084.04x | -436.05x | -217.42x | -391.69x |
| Total Equity | 6.07M | 24.1M | 68.5M | 117.35M | 222.36M | 399.67M | 461.14M | 5.4M | 87.03M | 142.49M | 123.38M | 175.93M | 111.54M | 52.9M | 34.86M | 47.86M | 47.1M | 61.18M | 19.11M | 31.03M | 23.5M | 23.47M | 15.55M | 15.05M | 3.73M | 4.96M | 9.89M | 11.83M |
| Equity Growth % | -333.99% | -64.82% | -41.62% | -47.23% | -44.36% | -13.33% | 8431.97% | -93.79% | -38.92% | 15.49% | -29.87% | 57.73% | 110.84% | 51.77% | -27.17% | 1.62% | -23.02% | 220.24% | -38.44% | 32.05% | 0.13% | 50.94% | 3.34% | 303.92% | -24.94% | -49.82% | -16.41% | - |
| Book Value per Share | 0.01 | 0.05 | 2.52 | 5.29 | 11.18 | 1.86 | 2.71 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 1.74 | 1.69 | 2.57 | 1.88 | 1.15 | 1.02 | 1.52 | 1.83 | 3.28 | 1.74 | 2.99 | 2.98 | 4.94 | 3.53 | 4.52 | 1.47 | 2.87 | 7.01 | 9.34 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 6.07M | 24.1M | 68.5M | 117.35M | 222.36M | 399.67M | 461.14M | 3.44M | 86.94M | 142.39M | 123.28M | 175.69M | 111.23M | 52.46M | 34.35M | 47.31M | 46.5M | 60.56M | 19.11M | 31.03M | 18.15M | 23.47M | 15.55M | 15.05M | 3.73M | 4.96M | 9.89M | 11.83M |
| Common Stock | 69.77K | 69K | 36.1K | 22.79K | 21.09K | 217.38K | 186.85K | 101.36K | 97.23K | 90.36K | 74.06K | 72.22K | 60.74K | 52.58K | 144.31K | 134.97K | 105.04K | 102.75K | 44.02K | 43.81K | 35.64K | 29.47K | 18.42K | 63.68K | 50.4K | 33.76K | 33.76K | 30.49M |
| Retained Earnings | -1.83B | -1.82B | -1.73B | -1.62B | -1.49B | -1.21B | -906.2M | -739.79M | -620.43M | -523.36M | -434.84M | -361.1M | -331.91M | -295.79M | -229.76M | -210.09M | -194.84M | -177.22M | -152.81M | -139.85M | -128.62M | -114.27M | -87.91M | -76.2M | -53.33M | -47.36M | -41M | -29.6M |
| Treasury Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accumulated OCI | -636.09K | -637.96K | -675.67K | -662.6K | -698.74K | -282.24K | -256.15K | 472.61K | -528.87K | -117K | 1.33M | 2.71M | -251.39K | -76.36K | 73.36K | 35.39K | 2.85K | 105.8K | 6.16K | 107.53K | -48.98K | -30.3K | 0 | 0 | -102.24K | 1.17M | -100.09K | 10.9M |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.97M | 96.27K | 96.27K | 96.27K | 245.83K | 310.62K | 447.66K | 502.74K | 546.77K | 597.92K | 622.87K | 0 | 0 | 5.35M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Liquidity and dilution risk
As reported in financial statements, Inovio’s total assets have declined significantly from $171.0 million in 2023Q4 to $49.8 million by 2026Q1, reflecting a rapid depletion of resources that underscores the company's ongoing struggle to maintain operational scale while awaiting commercial validation of its DNA-based platform.
The consistent contraction in total assets suggests that the company is consuming its capital base to fund R&D without replenishing it through commercial success. This downward trajectory indicates that the firm is increasingly reliant on external financing to sustain its clinical pipeline, which may limit future strategic flexibility.
Based on recent SEC filings, the company's current ratio has compressed from a peak of 4.77 in 2024Q1 to 1.04 in 2026Q1, indicating a narrowing margin of safety that leaves the firm with minimal buffer against unexpected operational shocks or delays in clinical trial milestones.
A current ratio hovering near parity suggests that the company's ability to meet short-term obligations is becoming increasingly sensitive to the timing of cash inflows. Investors should monitor this metric closely, as any further deterioration could necessitate emergency capital raises that would likely be highly dilutive to existing shareholders.
According to the provided balance sheet data, the debt-to-equity ratio spiked to 1.43 in 2026Q1, a sharp increase from 0.14 in 2024Q1, which highlights the growing reliance on debt financing as equity value has been eroded by persistent operating losses and capital consumption.
While the absolute debt levels remain relatively modest, the rising D/E ratio in the context of a shrinking equity base suggests that the company's financial structure is becoming increasingly fragile. This shift may indicate that traditional equity markets are becoming more expensive or difficult to access for the firm.
As indicated by the historical data, retained earnings have remained locked at approximately -$1.8 billion, reflecting a long-term pattern of value destruction that has left the company with a thin equity cushion of only $6.1 million as of 2026Q1.
The stagnation of retained earnings at such a deep deficit level implies that the company has failed to generate profitable growth over its operational history. This lack of equity depth suggests that the firm is essentially operating on the margin, with little room for error in its current clinical development strategy.
Based on the reported figures, the company's asset base is almost entirely devoid of tangible commercial value, with net PPE of $8.3 million and zero goodwill, suggesting that the firm's valuation is tied exclusively to intangible clinical prospects rather than any underlying productive capacity.
The absence of significant tangible assets means that in a liquidation scenario, there is very little recovery value for stakeholders. This composition reinforces the binary nature of the investment, where the balance sheet provides no downside protection if the lead clinical candidates fail to meet regulatory requirements.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying INO stock.
As of 2025, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) had total assets of $74.3M including $61.1M in current assets.
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) carries total debt of $9.4M, offset by $58.5M in cash and short-term investments. Comparing total debt to cash helps evaluate the company's debt burden and net leverage.
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) has total shareholders' equity (book value) of $24.1M ($0.05 book value per share). Book value represents the net worth of the company belonging to common stock holders.
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) reported a current ratio of 1.40x. A current ratio above 1.0x indicates that the company has more current assets than current liabilities, suggesting sufficient short-term liquidity.