Cash flow generation remains inconsistent, evidenced by free cash flow margins swinging from a negative 5.4% in 2025Q1 to a robust 31.1% in 2025Q4.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 731.18M | 670.2M | 756.49M | 540.23M | 294.13M | 321.58M | 444.94M | 511.81M | 347M | 353.38M | 415.79M | 521.3M | 438.91M | 601.03M | 325.73M | 312M | 245.25M | 319.88M | 245.95M | 235.75M | 150.36M | 141.98M | 126.75M | 112.23M | 72.55M | 96.94M | 83.3M | 72.37M | 35.45M | 63.5M | 64.07M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 19.92% | 23.16% | 17.47% | 10.56% | 14.31% | 20.49% | 18.03% | 11.68% | 15.96% | 23.48% | 24.27% | 17.1% | 26.81% | 15.42% | 16.86% | 22.1% | 29.56% | 18.08% | 20.1% | 15.28% | 17.84% | 18.77% | 18.29% | 13.55% | 17.1% | 16.25% | 19.79% | 10.84% | 18.94% | 20.02% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 155.64% | -11.41% | 40.03% | 83.67% | -8.54% | -27.73% | -13.07% | 47.5% | -1.81% | -15.01% | -20.24% | 18.77% | -26.97% | 84.52% | 4.4% | 27.22% | -23.33% | 30.06% | 4.33% | 56.78% | 5.9% | 12.02% | 12.94% | 54.68% | -25.16% | 16.37% | 15.11% | 104.17% | -44.18% | -0.89% | -21.56% |
| Net Income | 346.7M | 355.42M | 286.9M | 222.87M | 122.76M | -246.77M | -271.59M | 143.02M | 79.08M | 310.97M | 142.8M | 227.97M | 284.61M | 256.3M | 212.62M | 185.49M | 117.38M | 127.54M | 157.17M | 123.34M | 94.02M | 66.42M | 49.54M | 41.02M | 27.45M | 39.6M | 34.11M | 21.38M | 6.59M | 21.7M | 24.56M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 282.48M | 264.13M | 240.32M | 240.12M | 201.44M | 213.72M | 219.92M | 219.63M | 224.97M | 202.88M | 200.92M | 192.24M | 169.31M | 164.44M | 145.15M | 126.03M | 95.3M | 93.97M | 91.2M | 80.92M | 64.4M | 57.41M | 55.12M | 53.33M | 45.51M | 50.24M | 48.2M | 31.28M | 27.38M | -28.1M | -28.39M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 6.72M | 17.56M | 15.55M | 14.94M | 13.87M | 15.71M | 14.72M | 13.61M | 19.1M | 11.46M | 11.68M | 11.1M | 11.59M | 11.62M | 9.8M | 9.23M | 10.87M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 89.7M | 82.45M | 31.39M | 65.3M | 37.78M | -44.42M | 25.16M | 46.84M | 34.88M | -256.26M | 51.3M | 62.76M | 77.98M | 103.06M | 77M | 70M | 34.44M | 42.42M | 0 | 1.65M | -292K | -132K | 17.5M | 20.38M | -1.88M | 2.99M | 194K | -511K | -4.97M | 2.8M | 795K |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 25.12M | 26.55M | 89.28M | -7.91M | 21.65M | 367.39M | 595M | 52.15M | 106.35M | 136.28M | 19.8M | 20.73M | 21.18M | 9.05M | 5.77M | 860K | -220K | 8.6M | 52.43M | 8.03M | 9.71M | 12.59M | 12.4M | -13.37M | 6.06M | -5.36M | 2.74M | 12.54M | 34.29M | 69.3M | 66.92M |
| Working Capital Changes | -32.95M | -75.9M | 93.06M | 4.91M | -103.38M | 15.95M | -138.27M | 36.57M | -117.39M | -51.95M | -10.7M | 6.5M | -125.76M | 56.57M | -124.61M | -79.62M | -12.52M | 47.36M | -54.85M | 21.8M | -17.46M | 5.7M | -7.81M | 10.87M | -4.57M | 9.46M | -1.95M | 7.68M | -27.85M | -2.2M | 183K |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | 16.58M | 40.46M | -50.13M | -31.55M | 29.13M | -124.94M | 43.08M | -484.03M | -569.16M | -302.11M | -184.82M | -320.7M | 2.23M | -308.99M | -58.35M | -17.56M | 59.08M | -21.28M | 1.87M | -15.54M | -20.32M | -20.69M | -596K | -1.09M | 2.26M | -8.17M | 15.11M | 13.82M | -5.17M | -8.08M |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 3.89M | 12.15M | 7.69M | -127.09M | -19.25M | 47.08M | 122.77M | -144.69M | 19.67M | 3.18M | -7.32M | -56.47M | 43.27M | -46.37M | -26.36M | 973K | 8.72M | 6.21M | -9.34M | -5.01M | -3.54M | 138K | 1.56M | -444K | 545K | -955K | 1.05M | 32K | 1.49M | -2.18M |
| Change in Payables | 0 | -18.61M | -11.16M | -18.27M | 76M | 15.95M | -39.8M | -57.41M | 22.62M | 20.76M | -1.74M | -81.81M | 44.65M | 23.09M | -10.48M | 21.49M | 19.26M | -25.93M | -22.89M | 11.74M | 11.28M | 41.38M | 15.84M | -7.55M | 2.13M | -528K | 5.02M | 2.68M | -13.99M | -3.81M | 6.47M |
| Cash from Investing | -303.27M | -352.18M | -400.13M | -413.15M | -139.6M | -55.79M | -485.85M | -453M | -782.62M | -593.09M | -349.52M | -362.3M | -376.55M | -222.89M | -673.44M | -1.09B | -127.12M | -185.27M | -176.52M | -227.9M | -287.28M | -124.3M | -101.28M | -103.1M | -86.66M | -56.38M | -38.51M | -236.31M | 63.5M | -25.66M | -41.73M |
| Capital Expenditures | -234.04M | -264.47M | -342.66M | -401.73M | -172.61M | -98.02M | -148.19M | -248.16M | -301.86M | -177.22M | -231.07M | -345.48M | -355.14M | -253.23M | -312.17M | -226.24M | -136.84M | -192.66M | -173.02M | -164.08M | -139.13M | -122.28M | -93.6M | -72.36M | -47.71M | -59.16M | -47.68M | -12.72M | -27.45M | -24.51M | -37.16M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 6.86% | 7.86% | 10.49% | 12.99% | 6.2% | 4.36% | 6.82% | 8.74% | 10.16% | 8% | 13.05% | 16.09% | 13.84% | 11.29% | 14.78% | 12.23% | 12.33% | 17.8% | 12.72% | 13.99% | 14.14% | 15.37% | 13.86% | 11.79% | 8.91% | 10.44% | 9.3% | 3.48% | 8.39% | 7.31% | 11.61% |
| Acquisitions | -97.16M | 0 | -77.86M | -37.5M | -3.9M | -9.12M | -354.97M | -262.49M | -533.9M | -470.1M | -137.07M | -41.25M | -31.8M | -3.64M | -380.93M | -859.51M | 0 | 0 | -5.48M | -67.19M | -143.91M | -7.5M | -10.17M | -37.82M | -44.82M | 0 | -7.94M | 0 | 39.99M | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 27.93M | -87.71M | 20.4M | 26.08M | 36.91M | 51.34M | 17.31M | 57.66M | 53.14M | 54.23M | 18.62M | 24.43M | 10.39M | 33.98M | 19.65M | -2.98M | 9.72M | 7.39M | 1.98M | 3.37M | -4.24M | 5.48M | 2.5M | 7.07M | 5.87M | 2.78M | 3.54M | -230.28M | 49.79M | 2.19M | -1.85M |
| Cash from Financing | -420.97M | -313.69M | -314.5M | -175.08M | -108.76M | -311.31M | 96.51M | -41.88M | 423.31M | 254.18M | -66.52M | -177.42M | -42.08M | -385.18M | 342.52M | 597.39M | -20.37M | -45.42M | -65.9M | -5.38M | 121.73M | -472K | -28.91M | -6.5M | 13.69M | -43.37M | -43.7M | 166.65M | -100.12M | -37.3M | -22.25M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -116.24M | 44.13M | -143.84M | -62.48M | -85.62M | -308.11M | 100.02M | -42.38M | 420.84M | 256.14M | -52.85M | 60.78M | -32.45M | -385.96M | 333.11M | 593.52M | -105K | -47.09M | -50.14M | -13.33M | 107.4M | -18.7M | 12.4M | -260.74M | 66.6M | -43.63M | -28.25M | -5.33M | -5.33M | -27.1M | 2.72M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -296.41M | -349.25M | -165.16M | -108.59M | -19.01M | 629K | 353K | 0 | -5.6M | 0 | -1.83M | -244.08M | -15.32M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -23.79M | -657K | -33.38M | 5.72M | 8.4M | 19.05M | 9.55M | 4.9M | -1.49M | 1.46M | -14.45M | -11.7M | -88.19M | -10.2M | -24.98M |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -305.4M | -354.2M | -174.57M | -112.8M | -22.9M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -776K | -2.88M | -1.83M | -241.1M | -15.32M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -23.79M | -657K | -33.38M | 0 | -4.79M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -3.93M | -2.75M | -15.79M | -12.36M | -91.25M | -11.7M | -26.33M |
| Other Financing | -8.32M | -8.57M | -5.5M | -4.01M | -4.13M | -3.84M | -3.87M | 498K | 8.07M | -1.95M | -11.85M | 5.87M | 5.69M | 779K | 9.42M | 3.87M | 3.53M | 2.32M | 17.62M | 2.24M | 5.93M | -822K | -50.86M | 249.34M | -51.43M | -1.2M | -996K | 183.67M | -6.6M | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 6.94M | 4.33M | 41.87M | -48M | 45.76M | -45.52M | 55.6M | 16.94M | -12.3M | 14.47M | -251K | -18.41M | 20.28M | -7.04M | -5.19M | -179.35M | 97.76M | 89.19M | 3.53M | 2.46M | -15.19M | 17.21M | -3.44M | 2.63M | -418K | -2.81M | 1.09M | 2.71M | -1.18M | 499K | 87K |
| Free Cash Flow | 523.95M | 405.73M | 413.83M | 138.5M | 121.52M | 223.56M | 296.75M | 263.65M | 45.14M | 176.16M | 184.73M | 175.83M | 83.77M | 347.81M | 13.56M | 85.76M | 108.41M | 127.22M | 72.93M | 71.66M | 11.23M | 19.7M | 33.15M | 39.87M | 24.84M | 37.78M | 35.62M | 59.65M | -19.4M | 38.99M | 26.91M |
| FCF Margin % | 15.36% | 12.06% | 12.67% | 4.48% | 4.36% | 9.95% | 13.67% | 9.29% | 1.52% | 7.95% | 10.43% | 8.19% | 3.26% | 15.51% | 0.64% | 4.63% | 9.77% | 11.76% | 5.36% | 6.11% | 1.14% | 2.48% | 4.91% | 6.5% | 4.64% | 6.66% | 6.95% | 16.32% | -5.93% | 11.63% | 8.41% |
| FCF Growth % | 79.89% | -1.96% | 198.8% | 13.97% | -45.64% | -24.66% | 12.56% | 484.1% | -74.38% | -4.64% | 5.06% | 109.91% | -75.92% | 2464.37% | -84.18% | -20.89% | -14.79% | 74.45% | 1.77% | 537.85% | -42.97% | -40.57% | -16.87% | 60.49% | -34.24% | 6.07% | -40.28% | 407.49% | -149.75% | 44.91% | -16.36% |
| FCF per Share | 9.70 | 7.24 | 7.09 | 2.31 | 2.01 | 3.72 | 4.95 | 4.40 | 0.76 | 3.18 | 3.45 | 3.21 | 1.47 | 6.15 | 0.24 | 1.58 | 2.03 | 2.39 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 0.51 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 1.40 | -0.44 | 0.79 | 0.52 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.51x | 1.89x | 2.64x | 2.42x | 2.41x | -1.30x | -1.63x | 3.60x | 4.42x | 1.13x | 2.94x | 2.30x | 1.56x | 2.38x | 1.56x | 1.70x | 2.11x | 2.54x | 1.56x | 1.91x | 1.58x | 2.06x | 2.56x | 2.74x | 2.64x | 2.45x | 2.44x | 3.38x | 3.51x | 2.93x | 2.35x |
| Interest Paid | 47.33M | 46.27M | 49.06M | 49.32M | 42.82M | 40.88M | 48.72M | 55.77M | 40.77M | 21.66M | 19.88M | 20.59M | 19.62M | 21.39M | 21.36M | 16.45M | 10.6M | 10.9M | 14M | 20.17M | 15.15M | 11.69M | 12.75M | 13.44M | 14.44M | 18.27M | 24.54M | 12.24M | 11.63M | 12.64M | 12.91M |
| Taxes Paid | 59.72M | 84M | 19.57M | 0 | 2.55M | 0 | 0 | 2.93M | 640K | 27.2M | 18.16M | 69.58M | 90.46M | 46.14M | 52.1M | 34.93M | 50.74M | 31M | 65.18M | 63.34M | 55.07M | 28.07M | 2.68M | 16.31M | 18.5M | 24.59M | 20.04M | 10.33M | 19M | 9.76M | 9.57M |
Jones Act regulatory exposure
According to recent financial statements, Kirby's OCF/NI ratio has fluctuated significantly, ranging from a low of 0.48 in 2025Q1 to a high of 5.78 in 2024Q4, indicating that reported net income is frequently decoupled from the actual cash generated by core operational activities.
The wide variance in the OCF/NI ratio suggests that Kirby's earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash items and working capital swings rather than consistent cash conversion. Investors should monitor whether these discrepancies are temporary timing differences or indicative of underlying accrual-heavy revenue recognition practices.
As reported in quarterly filings, Kirby's free cash flow trajectory remains inconsistent, with margins swinging from a negative 5.4% in 2025Q1 to a robust 31.1% in 2025Q4, highlighting the sensitivity of cash generation to cyclical industrial demand and periodic capital expenditure requirements.
The lack of a stable FCF trend suggests that the company's cash flow profile is highly susceptible to the timing of major maintenance cycles and D&S segment volatility. This volatility may complicate long-term valuation models that rely on steady-state cash flow projections.
Based on historical data, Kirby's capital intensity, measured by CapEx as a percentage of revenue, has remained elevated, peaking at 15.9% in 2023Q4, which reflects the ongoing necessity of maintaining a specialized, Jones Act-compliant fleet in a harsh maritime operating environment.
The persistent level of capital expenditure suggests that a significant portion of cash flow is consumed by maintenance requirements rather than growth initiatives. This capital intensity appears to be a structural feature of the business model, potentially limiting the amount of free cash flow available for shareholder returns.
As evidenced by recent quarterly data, Kirby experiences substantial working capital volatility, with a notable $122.3 million outflow in 2025Q1 followed by a $127.4 million inflow in 2025Q4, suggesting that operational cash flow is frequently disrupted by inventory and receivables management cycles.
These sharp reversals in working capital indicate that the company's cash position is highly sensitive to the timing of customer payments and inventory build-ups within the D&S segment. Such fluctuations may obscure the underlying health of the core marine transportation business.
Based on reported figures, Kirby has prioritized share repurchases over other forms of capital deployment, with buybacks totaling $120.0 million in 2025Q3 alone, even as the company simultaneously manages significant acquisition activity and ongoing capital expenditure needs across its two primary business segments.
The decision to aggressively repurchase shares while maintaining high capital intensity suggests management's confidence in the long-term value of the fleet. However, investors should monitor whether this deployment strategy remains sustainable if free cash flow continues to exhibit its current level of quarterly volatility.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying KEX stock.
Kirby Corporation (KEX) generated $670.2M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Kirby Corporation (KEX) generated $405.7M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Kirby Corporation (KEX) spent $264.5M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Kirby Corporation (KEX) spent $354.2M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.