Free cash flow volatility remains a concern, as evidenced by the swing from a 29.4% FCF margin in 2025Q3 to a negative 12.2% in 2025Q2, complicating the sustainability of dividend payments.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 26.98M | 26.45M | 34.63M | 38.11M | 36.27M | 46.34M | 40.64M | 40.92M | 39.85M | 28.09M | 26.84M | 21.89M | 26.2M | 19.32M | 19.13M | 18.48M | 14.6M | 13.67M | 15.18M | 14.57M | 6.81M | 8.19M | 7.82M | 8.27M | 4.28M | 3.08M | 2.02M | 3.5M | 4M | 1.5M | 6.3M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 19.25% | 24.2% | 25.65% | 23.93% | 31.32% | 30.49% | 31.97% | 33.29% | 23.9% | 24.54% | 21.39% | 26.51% | 20.86% | 22.14% | 24.39% | 23.03% | 23.69% | 29.75% | 29.77% | 15.56% | 25.24% | 26.33% | 30.7% | 19.14% | 17.42% | 11.05% | 19.23% | 22.6% | 9.2% | 50% |
| Operating CF Growth % | -50.12% | -23.61% | -9.15% | 5.1% | -21.75% | 14.05% | -0.69% | 2.68% | 41.85% | 4.65% | 22.65% | -16.46% | 35.63% | 0.96% | 3.52% | 26.56% | 6.86% | -9.95% | 4.18% | 113.82% | -16.8% | 4.75% | -5.42% | 92.92% | 39.11% | 52.21% | -42.19% | -12.5% | 166.67% | -76.19% | - |
| Net Income | 9.03M | 11.6M | 24.78M | 30.97M | 31.8M | 37.47M | 37.26M | 32.41M | 30.05M | 22.94M | 20.52M | 17.61M | 18.16M | 15.48M | 15.07M | 11.56M | 8.5M | 8.49M | 7.44M | 6.84M | 5.88M | 5.24M | 4.55M | 4.38M | 3.85M | 1.67M | 2.72M | 1.5M | 500K | 3.2M | 2.3M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 8.25M | 7.62M | 6.02M | 5.9M | 5.28M | 6.37M | 7.5M | 5.54M | 5.46M | 4.59M | 4.22M | 4.11M | 3.8M | 3.73M | 4.7M | 5.07M | 4.7M | 3.83M | 2.69M | 2.58M | 2.26M | 1.76M | 2.02M | 1.94M | 1.67M | 1.92M | 1.27M | 800K | 400K | 200K | 200K |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 4.75M | 3.31M | 284K | 935K | 1.2M | 623K | 680K | 1.22M | 1.51M | 1.84M | 1.93M | 1.38M | 742K | 955K | 388K | 763K | 779K | 619K | 1.02M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 629K | 2.45M | -406K | -717K | -1.24M | 33K | 51K | 1.14M | 1.19M | -684K | 865K | -1.36M | 107K | 16K | -421K | 1.36M | 614K | 1.73M | 430.36K | 117.05K | 99.14K | 264K | 614.87K | 331K | 529.08K | 306.12K | 356.17K | 0 | 0 | -300K | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 255K | 545K | 100K | -102K | 2.58M | 7K | -248K | -6K | 186K | 207K | -195K | -327K | 277K | 107K | 605K | -1K | 34K | 1K | 155.81K | 1.12M | 1.09M | -1K | 344.67K | 1K | 174.51K | 23.31K | 32.58K | 100K | 2.5M | 0 | 1.5M |
| Working Capital Changes | 4.07M | 916K | 3.84M | 1.02M | -3.35M | 1.84M | -4.61M | 616K | 1.45M | -806K | -499K | 472K | 3.11M | -979K | -1.21M | -273K | -27K | -1.01M | 3.44M | 3.91M | -2.56M | 730K | 288.93K | 1.44M | -1.94M | -866.45K | -2.38M | 1.1M | 600K | -1.6M | 2.3M |
| Change in Receivables | 494K | -53K | 1.76M | 2.08M | -733K | 343K | -2.27M | 311K | 2.77M | -2.46M | -1.04M | -1.78M | 2.91M | 970K | -879K | -2.06M | -2.49M | 1.4M | 636.34K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.4M | 1.32M | -188K | 572K | -303K | -264K | 1.13M | 2.92M | 1.62M | -1.23M | 13.86M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 485K | 170K | -108K | 184K | -589K | 4K | -247K | 647K | -39K | 12K | -15K | -224K | 163K | 331K | -516K | 52K | -1.39M | -278K | -407.72K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -9.55M | -10.71M | -20.28M | -15.78M | -9.84M | -8.51M | -3.72M | -4.66M | -5.97M | -6.12M | -3.75M | -1.33M | -5.72M | -2.19M | -2.35M | -6.93M | -16.98M | -3M | -15.26M | -938.75K | -13.67M | 354K | -4.74M | -5.54M | -4.85M | -5.35M | -1.89M | -7.8M | -2.6M | -12.1M | -1.2M |
| Capital Expenditures | -9.55M | -10.71M | -15.45M | -15.78M | -9.84M | -5.51M | -3.98M | -4.66M | -5.97M | -4.82M | -3.97M | -2.94M | -2.49M | -2.19M | -2.35M | -2.81M | -1.54M | -2.91M | -2.81M | -1.96M | -1.45M | -1.09M | -2.07M | -1.68M | -1.53M | -1.54M | -6.19M | -4.9M | -7.8M | -300K | -300K |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 6.89% | 7.79% | 10.8% | 10.62% | 6.49% | 3.73% | 2.99% | 3.64% | 4.99% | 4.1% | 3.63% | 2.87% | 2.52% | 2.36% | 2.72% | 3.71% | 2.43% | 5.04% | 5.51% | 4% | 3.32% | 3.35% | 6.96% | 6.25% | 6.85% | 8.73% | 33.82% | 26.92% | 44.07% | 1.84% | 2.38% |
| Acquisitions | 0 | 0 | -4.83M | 0 | 0 | -3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 223K | 1.61M | -2.57M | 0 | 0 | -4.12M | -15.44M | -93K | -12.55M | 0 | -20.62M | -4.46M | 0 | -997K | -23.28K | -3.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1K | 0 | 0 | 260K | 0 | -5.97M | -1.55M | 223K | 1.61M | -5.72M | -2.19M | 0 | -6.93M | -16.98M | 0 | 0 | 200 | 50 | 2K | 4.86K | 3K | 1.42K | 698 | 27.98K | -100K | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | -17.39M | -15.84M | -16.76M | -40.71M | -55.58M | -18.16M | -15.5M | -36.35M | -54.5M | -21.12M | -32.5M | -16.87M | -1.73M | -2.82M | -16.69M | -6.89M | 3.25M | -9.55M | -1.75M | -11.25M | 6.9M | -11.37M | -2.84M | -205K | 473.13K | 132.8K | 1.93M | 500K | -1.2M | 12.5M | -3.3M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 12.7M | 16.11M | 25.99M | 14.18M | -4.77M | -4.59M | -3.9M | -3.94M | 36.77M | -2.58M | -2.29M | -2.5M | -2.41M | -2.22M | -2.16M | -1.8M | 8.46M | -5.24M | 9.61M | -8.1M | 9.62M | -3.43M | -142.71K | -132K | -126.07K | -128.26K | 1.82M | 3.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -17.2M | -20.05M | -30.95M | -19.1M | -27.81M | -4.14M | 0 | 0 | -72.37M | -1.67M | -204K | -1.76M | -348K | -55K | 756K | -146K | -463K | -66K | -8.28M | 96.72K | -309.86K | -5.68M | -2.55M | -73K | 599.2K | 261.06K | 112.91K | -300K | -1.1M | 16.8M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -11.83M | -10.98M | -11.45M | -36.37M | -20.96M | -9.16M | -10.52M | -31.3M | -16.86M | -16.87M | -28.55M | -10.05M | 0 | -2.14M | -17.36M | -5.91M | -5.06M | -4.26M | -3.77M | -3.32M | -2.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4.4M | -3.3M |
| Share Repurchases | -17.2M | -20.18M | -30.95M | -19.1M | -27.62M | -4.14M | 0 | 0 | -72.37M | -1.67M | -204K | -1.76M | -348K | -55K | -527K | -146K | -463K | -84K | -9.01M | -241.06K | -1.24M | -5.93M | -2.89M | -274K | -92.63K | 0 | -12K | -300K | -1.1M | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -1.05M | -923K | -359K | 576K | -2.04M | -275K | -1.09M | -1.1M | -2.04M | 0 | -1.45M | -2.55M | 1.03M | 1.59M | 2.08M | 975K | 320K | 17K | 679.84K | 80.31K | 341.53K | -2.26M | -143.08K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2.7M | -100K | 100K | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 45K | -94K | -2.42M | -18.37M | -29.34M | 19.67M | 21.17M | 526K | -21.74M | 1.71M | -9.12M | 2.1M | 17.95M | 13.81M | 204K | 4.56M | 1.01M | 1.4M | -2.25M | 2.48M | 32.4K | -2.8M | 206.78K | 2.45M | -88.84K | -2.14M | 2.07M | -3.8M | -1.2M | 12.5M | -3.3M |
| Free Cash Flow | 17.43M | 15.74M | 19.18M | 22.33M | 26.43M | 40.83M | 36.65M | 36.26M | 33.88M | 23.27M | 22.87M | 18.95M | 23.7M | 17.13M | 16.78M | 15.67M | 13.06M | 10.76M | 12.36M | 12.61M | 5.36M | 7.1M | 5.75M | 6.58M | 2.75M | 1.54M | -4.17M | -1.4M | -3.8M | 1.2M | 6M |
| FCF Margin % | 12.57% | 11.46% | 13.4% | 15.03% | 17.44% | 27.6% | 27.5% | 28.33% | 28.3% | 19.8% | 20.91% | 18.51% | 23.98% | 18.5% | 19.42% | 20.68% | 20.61% | 18.65% | 24.24% | 25.78% | 12.24% | 21.89% | 19.37% | 24.45% | 12.28% | 8.69% | -22.77% | -7.69% | -21.47% | 7.36% | 47.62% |
| FCF Growth % | 16.68% | -17.9% | -14.14% | -15.5% | -35.27% | 11.4% | 1.08% | 7.04% | 45.56% | 1.76% | 20.71% | -20.07% | 38.41% | 2.04% | 7.12% | 19.94% | 21.45% | -12.99% | -1.96% | 135.3% | -24.52% | 23.48% | -12.64% | 139.35% | 78.99% | 136.83% | -197.93% | 63.16% | -416.67% | -80% | - |
| FCF per Share | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.81 | 0.91 | 1.06 | 1.59 | 1.43 | 1.41 | 1.21 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.77 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 2.41 | 2.29 | 1.94 | 1.60 | 1.81 | 1.81 | 0.77 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.90 | 0.38 | 0.22 | -0.59 | -0.19 | -0.46 | 0.14 | 0.97 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.93x | 2.28x | 1.40x | 1.23x | 1.14x | 1.24x | 1.09x | 1.26x | 1.33x | 1.22x | 1.31x | 1.24x | 1.44x | 1.25x | 1.27x | 1.60x | 1.72x | 1.61x | 2.04x | 2.13x | 1.16x | 1.56x | 1.72x | 1.89x | 1.11x | 1.84x | 0.74x | 2.33x | 8.00x | 0.47x | 2.74x |
| Interest Paid | 2.35M | 0 | 2.44M | 803K | 1.23M | 1.68M | 1.74M | 2.01M | 1.28M | 76K | 192K | 207K | 284K | 368K | 554K | 542K | 497K | 498K | 122K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 3.45M | 0 | 8.22M | 8.93M | 12.23M | 10.64M | 5.22M | 6.95M | 2.63M | 12.83M | 9.96M | 9.38M | 9.87M | 8.18M | 5.11M | 3.38M | 4.55M | 3M | 3.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Competitive Disintermediation Risk
As reported in financial statements, NRC's operating cash flow consistently exceeds net income, with an OCF/NI ratio reaching 2.23 in 2026Q1, suggesting that reported earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash items and working capital fluctuations rather than pure operational cash generation.
The persistent gap between net income and operating cash flow warrants caution, as it implies that the company's accounting profit may not be fully supported by cash inflows. Investors should monitor whether this divergence is driven by sustainable deferred revenue growth or if it reflects an increasing reliance on non-cash adjustments to maintain bottom-line optics.
Based on NRC's reported figures, free cash flow margins have exhibited significant instability, swinging from a high of 29.4% in 2025Q3 to a negative 12.2% in 2025Q2, highlighting a precarious cash trajectory that complicates the company's ability to fund ongoing dividend commitments.
The erratic nature of free cash flow suggests that the business model is struggling to maintain consistent cash conversion during periods of revenue contraction. This volatility may indicate that the company's core operations are becoming increasingly sensitive to timing differences in client payments and operational expenditures.
According to recent SEC filings, NRC's capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has fluctuated significantly, peaking at 15.0% in 2024Q2, which suggests that the firm is forced to reinvest heavily in its data infrastructure just to maintain its existing competitive position.
The high level of capital intensity relative to revenue appears to be a structural burden that limits the company's ability to generate excess cash. This suggests that the proprietary platform requires constant, expensive upgrades to remain relevant against digital-native competitors, effectively capping the potential for margin expansion.
As indicated by historical cash flow data, NRC has consistently prioritized shareholder returns, with dividend payments and share repurchases often consuming a large portion of available cash, even as revenue growth has turned negative and cash reserves have dwindled to $4.1M.
The decision to maintain dividend payouts while the business faces top-line headwinds may indicate a management strategy that favors short-term investor optics over long-term reinvestment. This capital allocation policy appears to leave the company with little financial flexibility to pursue strategic acquisitions or pivot its business model.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying NRC stock.
National Research Corporation (NRC) generated $26.4M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
National Research Corporation (NRC) generated $15.7M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
National Research Corporation (NRC) spent $10.7M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, National Research Corporation (NRC) returned $11.0M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $20.2M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.