Cash generation remains volatile, as evidenced by a 2025Q4 operating cash flow to net income ratio of 4.06x and a $306.1M net acquisition outlay that limits liquidity.
| Metric | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 327.9M | 400M | 456.9M | 307.8M | 193.7M | 424.8M | 313.2M | 287.45M | 196.45M | 196.25M | 117.49M | 96.02M | 110.52M | 40.7M | 23.42M | 26.86M | 42.01M | 35.36M | 33.66M | 14.49M | 3.26M | -6.34M | 6.25M | 20.4M | 25.48M | 21.41M | 10.11M | 11.6M | 8.3M | 5.7M |
| Operating CF Margin % | 8.24% | 9.76% | 10.27% | 6.72% | 4.83% | 12.13% | 9.17% | 8.46% | 7.48% | 8.04% | 5.69% | 5.57% | 6.77% | 3.46% | 3.92% | 6.13% | 10.08% | 5.72% | 5.93% | 5.04% | 1.37% | -3.27% | 2.98% | 8.15% | 13.09% | 10.97% | 6.34% | 8.74% | 7.7% | 6.46% |
| Operating CF Growth % | -18.02% | -12.45% | 48.44% | 58.91% | -54.4% | 35.63% | 8.96% | 46.33% | 0.1% | 67.03% | 22.36% | -13.12% | 171.58% | 73.78% | -12.81% | -36.07% | 18.82% | 5.05% | 132.22% | 344.19% | 151.5% | -201.41% | -69.38% | -19.93% | 19.04% | 111.73% | -12.84% | 39.76% | 45.61% | 78.13% |
| Net Income | 113.5M | 175.2M | 219.3M | 268.1M | 409.9M | 177.6M | 174.7M | 157.71M | 157.68M | 97.2M | 97.65M | 77.18M | 84.51M | 42.65M | 24.3M | -9.9M | 4.71M | 18.97M | 9.32M | 11.04M | -96K | -42.39M | -81.8M | 12.25M | 17.04M | 19.25M | 14.46M | 11.3M | 8.3M | 5.6M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 113.5M | 96.3M | 100.3M | 91.4M | 89.6M | 89.7M | 91.2M | 94.97M | 58.6M | 62.25M | 51.57M | 38.3M | 29.88M | 18.02M | 2.35M | 8M | 11.81M | 14.54M | 22.08M | 5.63M | 6.26M | 6.6M | 7.15M | 5.14M | 1.54M | 1.39M | 1.16M | 900K | 800K | 700K |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 47.9M | 42.3M | 44M | 49.3M | 52.7M | 0 | 39.3M | 31.49M | 24.04M | 27.02M | 22.02M | 16.2M | 14.41M | 9.71M | 6.93M | 7.75M | 5.01M | 6.35M | 6.36B | 2.95B | 235M | 0 | -24M | 29M | -68M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 44.4M | 31.2M | 26.9M | 31.5M | -19.7M | 1.3M | 18.9M | 11.21M | -5.14M | 12.83M | 11.55M | 15.95M | 4.11M | 4.97M | 3.75M | 2.27M | 4.29M | 9K | -4.16M | -3.91M | -235M | 2.14M | -2.07M | -2.63M | -379K | -339K | -785K | -300K | -300K | -400K |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 12.1M | 8.9M | 10.3M | 8.2M | -210.6M | 60.9M | 34.9M | 18.52M | 21.57M | 16.04M | -8.76M | 6.83M | -15.3M | 7.07M | 8.41M | 23.1M | 3.37M | 7.39M | -6.35B | -2.95B | 1.03M | 31.09M | 105.03M | -27.23M | 70.86M | 4.42M | 745K | 100K | 600K | 100K |
| Working Capital Changes | -3.5M | 46.1M | 56.1M | -140.7M | -128.2M | 95.3M | -45.8M | -26.45M | -60.3M | -19.1M | -56.53M | -58.44M | -7.09M | -41.72M | -22.31M | -4.36M | 12.84M | -11.9M | -1.27M | -332K | -3.94M | -3.78M | 1.93M | 3.87M | 4.42M | -3.32M | -5.47M | -1.2M | -1.1M | -800K |
| Change in Receivables | -3.8M | 87M | 111M | -116.3M | -111.1M | -12.9M | -24.3M | -90.67M | -50.46M | -43.29M | -53.77M | -45.36M | -20.16M | -18.6M | -25.08M | -10.53M | 28.02M | -1.14M | -7.49B | -3.56B | -8.91B | -1.9B | 4.12B | 3.41B | -5.64B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.34M | -10.21M | 28.55M | -7.34M | -5.05M | 24.18M | -25.89M | 2.24M | 4.64M | -12.13M | -10.11M | 6.37B | 3.65B | 9.53B | 0 | -4.97B | 796.88M | 3.96B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 16.1M | -6.6M | -2.4M | 7.6M | -23.6M | 800K | -7.3M | 23.32M | 315K | -2.24M | 1.68M | -1.69M | -1.58M | 1.99M | -1.81M | 1.03M | -695K | -809K | 1.03B | -97M | -667M | 0 | 804M | -4.26B | 1.58B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -343.9M | -35.3M | -40.5M | -510M | 246.5M | -219M | -149.1M | -788.73M | -50.12M | -21.98M | -461.53M | -19.56M | -68.36M | -362.97M | -41.12M | -16.58M | -13.83M | -17.71M | -234.02M | -4.83M | -5.74M | 5.92M | 221K | -50.76M | -10.86M | -3.15M | -7.93M | -4.7M | -3.5M | 1.4M |
| Capital Expenditures | -39.8M | -35.3M | -39.9M | -37.5M | -34.7M | -32.6M | -32.7M | -28.7M | -24.27M | -27.14M | -24.69M | -19.73M | -16.53M | -14.35M | -8.41M | -6.3M | -4.67M | -8.2M | -5.9M | -4.11M | -3.83M | 0 | -4.89M | -4.66M | -855K | -1.11M | -1.85M | -2M | -1.2M | -1.2M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 1% | 0.86% | 0.9% | 0.82% | 0.87% | 0.93% | 0.96% | 0.84% | 0.92% | 1.11% | 1.2% | 1.14% | 1.01% | 1.22% | 1.41% | 1.44% | 1.12% | 1.33% | 1.04% | 1.43% | 1.61% | - | 2.34% | 1.86% | 0.44% | 0.57% | 1.16% | 1.51% | 1.11% | 1.36% |
| Acquisitions | -304.1M | 0 | 0 | -474.8M | 281M | -186.2M | -116.4M | -760.22M | -25.94M | 0 | -552.78M | 0 | -110.7M | -347.74M | -32.82M | -10.46M | -10.24M | -9.01M | -232.27M | -430K | -7.99B | -6.76M | 0 | -66.31M | 2K | -360K | -360K | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 0 | 0 | -600K | 2.3M | 200K | -200K | 0 | 184K | 88K | 5.15M | 115.94M | 169K | 58.88M | -869K | 109K | 179K | 1.08M | -499K | 4.15M | -284K | -4.94M | -115K | 3.12M | -2.68M | -455K | 242K | -403K | 0 | 100K | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | -29.4M | -333.2M | -310.9M | -256.5M | -184.4M | -29M | -110.5M | 507.8M | -138.47M | -170.98M | 337.66M | -81.09M | -32.39M | 331.88M | 17.51M | -16.61M | -48.96M | -8.4M | 132.14M | 74.94M | 3.11M | 356K | -4.26M | -3.81M | -127K | 8.82M | -5.77M | 2.5M | 2.5M | 700K |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 138.7M | -5M | -24.8M | 31.5M | 0 | -1.2M | -83.2M | 536M | -68M | -118.89M | 358.88M | 15.31M | -33.71M | 339.84M | 18.27M | -13.1M | -48.16M | -10.38M | 130.98M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -5.73M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -400K |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -155.9M | -327.2M | -273.1M | -298M | -181.3M | -15.8M | -20M | 9.37M | -60.1M | -48.12M | 4.95M | -106.55M | 7.05M | 0 | 471K | -1.67M | 555K | 1.65M | 301K | 73.88M | 3.11M | 356K | -4.26M | 1.92M | -125K | 8.82M | -5.77M | 2.5M | 2.5M | 1.2M |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -170.1M | -327.2M | -273.1M | -281.4M | -181.3M | -27.9M | -20M | -5.6M | -60.06M | -41.1M | -1.65M | -100.05M | 0 | -2.63M | -2.23M | -2M | 0 | -411K | -2.3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4.55M | -3.11M | -7.5M | 0 | -7.81M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -12.2M | -1M | -13M | 10M | -3.1M | -12M | -7.3M | -37.57M | -10.37M | -3.98M | -26.16M | 10.14M | -5.73M | -7.96M | -1.23M | -1.85M | -1.36M | 327K | 860K | 1.05M | 0 | 0 | -4.26B | 0 | -2K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -100K |
| Net Change in Cash | -44M | 29.3M | 105.6M | -459.3M | 255.2M | 179.2M | 53.4M | 5.16M | 9.62M | 3.17M | -7.84M | -5.64M | 9.87M | 9.74M | -670K | -7.57M | -20.3M | 8.51M | -67.72M | 85M | -300K | 453K | 3.14M | -33.7M | 14.49M | 27.08M | -3.59M | 2.5M | 2.5M | 700K |
| Free Cash Flow | 288.1M | 364.7M | 417M | 270.3M | 159M | 392.2M | 280.5M | 258.75M | 172.18M | 169.11M | 92.8M | 76.29M | 93.99M | 26.34M | 15.01M | 20.56M | 37.34M | 27.16M | 27.76M | 10.38M | -562K | -6.34M | 1.35M | 15.74M | 24.63M | 20.3M | 8.26M | 9.6M | 7.1M | 4.5M |
| FCF Margin % | 7.24% | 8.9% | 9.37% | 5.9% | 3.97% | 11.2% | 8.21% | 7.61% | 6.56% | 6.93% | 4.49% | 4.42% | 5.76% | 2.24% | 2.51% | 4.69% | 8.96% | 4.39% | 4.89% | 3.61% | -0.24% | -3.27% | 0.65% | 6.29% | 12.65% | 10.4% | 5.18% | 7.23% | 6.59% | 5.1% |
| FCF Growth % | -21% | -12.54% | 54.27% | 70% | -59.46% | 39.82% | 8.41% | 50.28% | 1.81% | 82.22% | 21.64% | -18.83% | 256.8% | 75.53% | -27% | -44.94% | 37.5% | -2.17% | 167.35% | 1947.51% | 91.13% | -567.95% | -91.4% | -36.07% | 21.34% | 145.67% | -13.95% | 35.21% | 57.78% | 73.08% |
| FCF per Share | 6.61 | 7.98 | 8.56 | 5.27 | 2.97 | 7.36 | 5.25 | 4.87 | 3.24 | 3.15 | 1.75 | 1.41 | 1.72 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.37 | -0.02 | -0.25 | 0.05 | 0.62 | 1.07 | 0.88 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.21 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 2.89x | 2.28x | 2.08x | 1.15x | 0.47x | 2.12x | 1.79x | 1.82x | 1.25x | 2.02x | 1.20x | 1.24x | 1.31x | 0.95x | 0.96x | -2.71x | 8.93x | 1.86x | 3.61x | 1.31x | -33.99x | 0.15x | -0.08x | 1.67x | 1.50x | 1.11x | 0.70x | 1.03x | 1.00x | 1.02x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 62.6M | 62.1M | 43.7M | 35.2M | 0 | 44.9M | 51M | 24.1M | 26.83M | 22.28M | 56.32M | 15.16M | 14.72M | 2.66M | 0 | 8.56M | 9.37M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 33.5M | 44.8M | 54.5M | 170.3M | 0 | 56.6M | 21.4M | 55.3M | 38.19M | 45.48M | 56.32M | 32.35M | 33.91M | 16.16M | 0 | 1.23M | 20.25M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclical IT Spending Headwinds
As reported in recent financial statements, ASGN's operating cash flow to net income ratio reached a volatile 4.06x in 2025Q4, indicating that reported net income significantly understates the firm's underlying cash-generating capacity due to heavy non-cash charges and acquisition-related accounting adjustments.
The persistent divergence between net income and operating cash flow suggests that GAAP earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash amortization and stock-based compensation. Investors should monitor this gap, as it implies that the company's true economic profitability is often obscured by accounting conventions inherent in its acquisition-heavy growth strategy.
Based on quarterly data, free cash flow margins have fluctuated wildly from a low of 0.7% in 2025Q1 to a peak of 14.7% in 2024Q3, highlighting the sensitivity of ASGN's cash generation to shifts in commercial IT demand and project-based federal revenue cycles.
The inconsistency in free cash flow trajectory suggests that the firm lacks a predictable cash conversion engine, likely due to the lumpy nature of federal contract milestones and commercial staffing utilization. This volatility warrants further investigation into whether the firm can maintain cash flow stability during prolonged periods of commercial IT budget contraction.
According to the provided cash flow data, working capital changes have been highly erratic, swinging from a $53.8M inflow in 2025Q2 to a $49.6M outflow in 2025Q1, which suggests significant variability in the firm's ability to manage receivables and payables efficiently.
These sharp fluctuations in working capital appear to be a primary driver of the firm's inconsistent quarterly cash flow performance. Such instability may indicate challenges in aligning collection cycles with the payment of its large, billable consultant workforce, potentially creating temporary liquidity pressure during periods of revenue volatility.
As evidenced by recent SEC filings, ASGN has prioritized significant capital deployment toward share repurchases and acquisitions, including a $306.1M net acquisition outlay in 2025Q4, which may limit the firm's financial flexibility in a higher-for-longer interest rate environment.
The firm's reliance on external acquisitions to drive growth, coupled with active share buybacks, suggests a management focus on inorganic expansion over organic deleveraging. Investors should monitor whether this capital allocation strategy remains sustainable if the current revenue contraction persists and limits internal cash generation.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying ASGN stock.
ASGN Incorporated (ASGN) generated $327.9M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
ASGN Incorporated (ASGN) generated $288.1M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
ASGN Incorporated (ASGN) spent $39.8M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, ASGN Incorporated (ASGN) spent $170.1M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.