Cash flow generation is heavily impacted by working capital volatility, evidenced by a $1.1 billion outflow in 2025Q1 and an operating cash flow to net income ratio that reached 3.42 in 2026Q1.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 5.49B | 5.63B | 4.86B | 4.6B | 3.82B | 3.74B | 3.24B | 3.47B | 2.05B | 2.19B | 2.52B | 2.35B | 1.31B | 1.14B | 1.01B | 1.15B | 1.44B | 2.14B | 2.01B | 2.29B | 1.74B | 1.52B | 1.2B | 1.52B | 1.35B | 1.01B | 1.18B | 925M | 825.13M | 569.73M | 434.63M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 15.02% | 14.15% | 14.48% | 12.57% | 14.52% | 14.4% | 14.01% | 8.52% | 9.01% | 9.63% | 9.77% | 6.74% | 6.31% | 5.73% | 5.94% | 8.41% | 12.69% | 9.51% | 11.64% | 9.58% | 10.02% | 10.32% | 11.21% | 12.25% | 11.06% | 14.4% | 13.89% | 9.87% | 12.42% | 10.4% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 415.12% | 15.73% | 5.68% | 20.31% | 2.18% | 15.36% | -6.59% | 69.69% | -6.53% | -13.04% | 7.16% | 79.82% | 14.79% | 12.71% | -11.83% | -20.49% | -32.62% | 6.34% | -12.28% | 31.74% | 14.49% | 26.37% | -20.8% | 12.18% | 34.45% | -14.7% | 27.56% | 12.1% | 44.83% | 31.09% | 29.11% |
| Net Income | 5.05B | 3.79B | 3.52B | 3.15B | 3.61B | 2.26B | 1.17B | 1.53B | 1.58B | 1.82B | 1.24B | 802.86M | 596.29M | -296M | 524.33M | 629.12M | 430.9M | 573.88M | 1.26B | 1.34B | 1.17B | 1.05B | 791.43M | 1.26B | 654.76M | 832.83M | 1.28B | 1.02B | 706.12M | 552.52M | 465.56M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 2.18B | 2.16B | 1.8B | 1.63B | 1.47B | 1.36B | 1.71B | 1.56B | 1.12B | 1B | 1.17B | 869M | 631M | 1B | 711.46M | 814.65M | 812.93M | 811.38M | 833.99M | 725.7M | 667.63M | 592.51M | 475.17M | 576.05M | 479.25M | 441.46M | 525.3M | 413.16M | 271.72M | 213.5M | 177.5M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 140M | 143M | 125M | 111.41M | 94.32M | 96.65M | 96M | 73.99M | 79M | 58M | 48.38M | 29.52M | 16M | 20.71M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | -160M | 0 | 180M | 180M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 239.63M | 250M | 19.37M | 55.84M | -386.41M | 1.09B | 80.06M | 440M | -323.15M | -404.27M | 138.76M | 363.57M | 68.01M | 301.96M | -181.28M | -119.43M | 40.9M | -6.79M | -29.35M | -19.69M | -228.78M | 36.82M | 7.49M | -242.89M | 149.35M | -210.53M | -567.86M | -456.68M | -308.74M | -207.46M | -188.62M |
| Working Capital Changes | -598M | -714M | -783M | -535.33M | -964.72M | -1.07B | 196M | -129.27M | -416.37M | -291M | -80M | 284M | -5M | 110.19M | -44.83M | -179.14M | 155.6M | 759.03M | -57.69M | 244.71M | 127.9M | -156.7M | -71.82M | -77.95M | 69.84M | -57.31M | -59.45M | -49.83M | 156.02M | 11.18M | -19.82M |
| Change in Receivables | -89M | 121M | -122M | -148.55M | -211.06M | -354.95M | 177M | -77.56M | -143.16M | -112M | -65M | 222M | -18M | -37M | -90.64M | -314.56M | 122.69M | 728.98M | 254.04M | 219.4M | 206.78M | -114.43M | -55.83M | 14.7M | 157.44M | 13.1M | 0 | 0 | 38.51M | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -178M | -161M | -224M | -54.35M | -611.7M | -385.71M | 63M | -79.34M | -182.44M | -183M | -55M | 29M | 34M | 37M | 72.12M | -73.57M | -15.96M | 428.47M | -175.1M | -34.69M | 49.9M | -127.96M | -111.48M | 10.31M | -28.25M | -5.35M | -104.55M | -12.62M | -26.06M | -18M | 4.7M |
| Change in Payables | -287M | 0 | 48M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -125M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110.19M | -26.31M | 209M | 48.88M | -398.42M | -136.64M | 60.01M | -128.78M | 85.69M | 95.49M | -73M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -5.74B | -6.04B | -6.12B | -2.21B | -922.47M | -2.27B | -893.82M | 118.9M | -1.73B | -2.69B | -825.36M | -7.5B | -277.65M | -894M | -259.24M | -731.48M | -691.24M | -968.42M | -1.91B | -2.69B | -2.57B | -1.79B | -1.12B | -2.39B | -1.22B | -1.23B | -3.25B | -1.49B | -1.3B | -767.61M | -1.56B |
| Capital Expenditures | -2.67B | -2.71B | -2.49B | -1.82B | -1.42B | -1.55B | -996M | -1.37B | -1.32B | -1.18B | -943.59M | -978.07M | -528.97M | -497M | -530.18M | -614.19M | -464.82M | -515.71M | -1.05B | -963.86M | -806.48M | -683.98M | -503.22M | -505.27M | -385.88M | -403.13M | -635.68M | -581.89M | -384.93M | -243.17M | -256.03M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 4.78% | 7.24% | 7.24% | 5.72% | 4.68% | 6.03% | 4.42% | 5.55% | 5.51% | 4.85% | 3.61% | 4.07% | 2.73% | 2.76% | 3.01% | 3.19% | 2.71% | 3.06% | 4.97% | 4.9% | 4.44% | 4.51% | 4.32% | 3.73% | 3.49% | 4.43% | 7.76% | 8.74% | 4.61% | 5.3% | 6.13% |
| Acquisitions | -3.3B | -3.67B | -3.82B | -579.71M | 574M | -1.02B | -98M | 1.54B | -650.04M | -1.93B | 85.18M | -7.17B | 256M | -284.11M | 354.75M | -69.31M | -247.37M | -68.83M | -616.38M | -1.6B | -1.67B | -739.99M | -556.59M | -1.81B | -833.62M | -667.32M | -2.42B | -1.87B | -818M | -351.82M | -831.14M |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 219.98M | 424M | 186.83M | 184.03M | -63.14M | 304.31M | 201.18M | -16.1M | 245.87M | 432.61M | 40.8M | 671.73M | -711.64K | -5.18M | -29.24M | -22.39M | 87.78M | -147.35M | -30.36M | -97.51M | -70.83M | -45.94M | -52.63M | -73.42M | 2.31M | -156.96M | -202.24M | 959.62M | -97.6M | -172.63M | -468.66M |
| Cash from Financing | 195.4M | 596M | -1.15B | -2.16B | -2.51B | -2.91B | 234.27M | -2.22B | -116.71M | 343M | -1.83B | 4.24B | -388.3M | 601M | -239.75M | -893.56M | -496.74M | -594.24M | -299.59M | 334.72M | 817.72M | 302.71M | -32.07M | 863.07M | -84.55M | 234.68M | 2.22B | 617.8M | 454.65M | 155.13M | 1.25B |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 2.41B | 2.87B | 2.01B | 1.52B | -330.6M | -1.06B | 1B | -793.43M | 1.13B | 667M | -1.42B | 2.89B | -33M | 905M | 90.64M | -480.9M | -318.19M | -1.63B | 539.46M | 675.07M | 977.6M | 551.08M | 103.26M | 861.56M | 202.18M | -711.26M | 1.06B | 368M | 441.03M | 96.1M | 773.4M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -1.14B | -1.23B | -1.47B | -2.78B | -1.1B | -787.23M | -203.83M | -850.49M | -803.94M | 43.99M | 53.1M | 1.83B | 22.54M | 17.26M | 15.59M | 6.4M | 44.89M | 1.26B | -381.57M | 4.69M | 72.29M | 41.54M | 49.58M | 17.22M | 14.49M | 1.08B | 345.45M | 17.7M | 16.93M | 9.6M | 180.2M |
| Dividends Paid | -920.5M | -996M | -1.65B | -851.45M | -856.39M | -796.01M | -578.75M | -581.26M | -540.33M | -469M | -352M | -379M | -353M | -367M | -352.81M | -330.55M | -297.24M | -230.71M | -351.21M | -234.4M | -191.76M | -172.23M | -109.29M | -154.38M | -117.21M | -70.32M | -64.28M | 0 | -48.52M | 0 | -37.28M |
| Share Repurchases | -1.15B | -1.18B | -1.48B | -2.78B | -1.18B | -896M | -249M | -850.49M | -803.94M | -3M | -4.21M | -3.05M | 0 | -6M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.94M | -387.64M | -29.07M | -15.21M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -152.85M | -47M | -37.17M | -50.38M | -226.79M | -266.78M | 13.25M | 1.24M | 96.27M | 101.01M | -111.79M | -100.56M | -24.84M | 45.74M | 6.82M | -88.5M | 73.81M | 8.72M | -106.27M | -110.64M | -40.41M | -117.68M | -75.62M | 138.67M | -184.01M | -65.69M | 878.56M | 232.1M | 45.2M | 49.43M | 330.9M |
| Net Change in Cash | 50.69M | 388M | -2.49B | 368.02M | 153M | -1.71B | -1.79B | 6.37B | 1.57B | -314M | -1.46B | -1.11B | 345.41M | 901.42M | 472.05M | -490.53M | 265.64M | 598.06M | -249.13M | 12.46M | 75.49M | 1.14B | 43.48M | -6.66M | 51.46M | 13.73M | 212.39M | 292.32M | -8.97M | -42.75M | 126.02M |
| Free Cash Flow | 2.88B | 2.91B | 2.37B | 2.95B | 2.15B | 2.37B | 2.43B | 2.26B | 888.27M | 1.14B | 1.62B | 1.45B | 860.62M | 641M | 479.5M | 531.02M | 975.52M | 1.62B | 958.48M | 1.33B | 932.93M | 835.33M | 699.04M | 1.01B | 967.33M | 603.32M | 544.28M | 343.12M | 440.2M | 326.57M | 178.6M |
| FCF Margin % | 5.15% | 7.78% | 6.9% | 9.28% | 7.07% | 9.2% | 10.79% | 9.13% | 3.7% | 4.71% | 6.19% | 6.03% | 4.44% | 3.55% | 2.72% | 2.75% | 5.7% | 9.63% | 4.53% | 6.75% | 5.14% | 5.51% | 6% | 7.48% | 8.76% | 6.63% | 6.64% | 5.15% | 5.27% | 7.12% | 4.28% |
| FCF Growth % | 36.73% | 22.83% | -19.57% | 37.15% | -9.34% | -2.44% | 7.44% | 154.63% | -22.35% | -29.3% | 11.49% | 68.63% | 34.26% | 33.68% | -9.7% | -45.57% | -39.85% | 69.2% | -27.81% | 42.31% | 11.68% | 19.5% | -30.98% | 4.7% | 60.33% | 10.85% | 58.63% | -22.06% | 34.8% | 82.85% | 6.09% |
| FCF per Share | 4.30 | 4.30 | 3.44 | 4.04 | 2.81 | 3.01 | 3.07 | 2.80 | 1.06 | 1.36 | 1.94 | 1.78 | 1.17 | 0.88 | 0.66 | 0.74 | 1.38 | 2.41 | 1.76 | 2.42 | 1.71 | 1.54 | 1.32 | 1.91 | 1.84 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 0.87 | 1.13 | 0.86 | 0.49 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.57x | 1.51x | 1.41x | 1.46x | 0.98x | 1.65x | 3.54x | 2.27x | 2.08x | 1.20x | 1.92x | 3.19x | 2.19x | -3.84x | 1.93x | 1.82x | 3.34x | 3.72x | 1.59x | 1.71x | 1.48x | 1.45x | 1.52x | 1.88x | 2.07x | 1.94x | 2.51x | 2.02x | 1.63x | 2.08x | 1.70x |
| Interest Paid | 319.61M | 0 | 578.22M | 378.62M | 307.25M | 298.72M | 353.64M | 418.11M | 343.92M | 317M | 346M | 302M | 262M | 269M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 39M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Seasonal Working Capital Volatility
As reported in recent financial filings, CRH's operating cash flow to net income ratio exhibits extreme volatility, ranging from a negative 6.30 in 2024Q1 to a positive 3.42 in 2026Q1, which suggests that headline earnings are frequently decoupled from the underlying cash generation of the business.
The significant divergence between net income and operating cash flow appears to be driven by the heavy seasonal nature of construction materials, where working capital requirements fluctuate wildly. Investors should monitor whether this disconnect is purely a function of seasonal inventory build-up or if it indicates a more persistent issue with the quality of earnings during off-peak quarters.
Based on the provided cash flow data, CRH's free cash flow trajectory is highly erratic, swinging from a negative $1.3 billion in 2025Q1 to a positive $2.1 billion in 2025Q4, illustrating the company's susceptibility to seasonal construction demand and the timing of large-scale project payments.
The FCF margin volatility, which fluctuates between negative 19.3% and positive 20.4%, suggests that the company's cash generation is not yet stabilized across the full fiscal year. This pattern warrants further investigation into whether management can effectively smooth out these cash flow troughs through better inventory management or if the business model will remain inherently lumpy.
According to the company's cash flow statements, working capital changes are the primary driver of quarterly cash flow variance, with outflows reaching as high as $1.1 billion in 2025Q1, which highlights the significant capital intensity required to support the company's extensive inventory and receivables cycles.
The recurring pattern of large working capital outflows in the first quarter suggests that CRH must pre-fund its operations ahead of the peak construction season. This reliance on working capital management implies that any disruption in the timing of collections or inventory turnover could have a disproportionate impact on the company's short-term liquidity position.
As evidenced by the reported figures, CRH consistently utilizes a significant portion of its cash for acquisitions, such as the $2.5 billion net acquisition spend in 2025Q3, while simultaneously maintaining dividend payments and share repurchases, suggesting a management focus on active portfolio rotation over pure cash preservation.
The company's strategy of funding acquisitions while returning capital to shareholders appears to rely on the assumption of consistent long-term cash generation. Investors should monitor whether this aggressive deployment of capital, particularly during periods of high acquisition activity, may eventually constrain the balance sheet if organic cash flow growth fails to keep pace with the cost of integration.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying CRH stock.
CRH plc (CRH) generated $5.63B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
CRH plc (CRH) generated $2.91B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
CRH plc (CRH) spent $2.71B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, CRH plc (CRH) returned $996.0M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $1.18B on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.