Persistent capital expenditure requirements, which frequently exceed $100 million per quarter, have resulted in recurring free cash flow deficits, such as the $71.7 million shortfall recorded in 2025Q1.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 313.53M | 302.56M | 290.87M | 217.82M | 243.77M | 231.72M | 117.92M | 168.79M | 179.02M | 147.84M | 159.7M | 144.63M | 128.13M | 124.17M | 131.91M | 111.27M | 75.51M | 72.42M | 95.73M | 50.05M | 60.97M | 86.26M | 55.41M | 44.43M | 33.41M | 38.59M | 34.63M | 42.7M | 37.5M | 39.4M | 33.2M |
| Operating CF Growth % | 15% | 4.02% | 33.54% | -10.65% | 5.2% | 96.5% | -30.14% | -5.71% | 21.09% | -7.43% | 10.42% | 12.88% | 3.19% | -5.87% | 18.55% | 47.36% | 4.26% | -24.35% | 91.25% | -17.9% | -29.32% | 55.67% | 24.71% | 32.97% | -13.4% | 11.44% | -18.91% | 13.87% | -4.82% | 18.67% | 11.41% |
| Operating CF / Revenue % | 31.02% | 30.25% | 28.05% | 27.41% | 28.8% | 29.3% | 14.85% | 23.62% | 25.64% | 22.17% | 26.21% | 24.58% | 21.44% | 21.26% | 23.56% | 22.17% | 16.4% | 16.12% | 23.33% | 13.64% | 18.21% | 26.89% | 17.56% | 16.03% | 12.7% | 15.63% | 14.14% | 20.69% | 20.13% | 20.17% | 18.16% |
| Net Income | 118.92M | 127.85M | 190.09M | 51.91M | 95.26M | 100.98M | 96.83M | 63.12M | 65.58M | 67.18M | 48.67M | 45.02M | 56.74M | 47.25M | 48.83M | 37.71M | 37.66M | 40.55M | 39.8M | 31.16M | 25.58M | 27.22M | 26.03M | 19.42M | 19.07M | 14.96M | 19.96M | 19.9M | 18.4M | 23.3M | 19.1M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 150.32M | 146.52M | 134.14M | 123.12M | 117.36M | 111.58M | 100.94M | 91.29M | 85.71M | 78.59M | 65.2M | 63.18M | 63.32M | 60.25M | 56.87M | 51.98M | 45.27M | 41.64M | 39.48M | 33.56M | 30.65M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 38.2M | 38.2M | 40.45M | 35.63M | 26.88M | 25.2M | 34.44M | 15.35M | 20.91M | 21.09M | 26.82M | 24.39M | 34.13M | 9.8M | 34.13M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.66M | -262K | 3.22M | 3.91M | 17.64M | 2.83M | 786K | 2.92M | -3.2M | 1.1M | 2.1M | 1.9M | -2.2M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -4.11M | -11.32M | 48.95M | -11.28M | 21.33M | -6.19M | -8.86M | -10.38M | -161K | -5.26M | 3.21M | 728K | -248K | -797K | -1.4M | 8.22M | 2.04M | -9K | 4.44M | 31.72M | 665K | 26.48M | 26.11M | 18.65M | 18.26M | 18.04M | 18.3M | 15.7M | 13.5M | 12.9M | 13.2M |
| Working Capital Changes | 5.45M | -3.68M | -126.49M | 15.44M | -22.23M | -6.66M | -110.02M | 2.69M | 3.84M | -16.88M | 12.94M | 8.73M | -28M | 5.83M | -6.43M | 13.35M | -9.45M | -9.76M | 1.35M | -12.56M | 1.2M | 28.65M | -14.36M | 3.53M | -4.7M | 2.67M | -430K | 6M | 3.5M | 1.3M | 3.1M |
| Capital Expenditures | -406.89M | -516.99M | -470.8M | -383.75M | -327.76M | -293.19M | -298.65M | -273.77M | -271.71M | -259.19M | -228.94M | -176.83M | -132.01M | -122.99M | -127.68M | -118.55M | -123.93M | -110.61M | -107.8M | -101.34M | -114.41M | -94.52M | -68.57M | -74.25M | -88.36M | -62.05M | -37.16M | -44.5M | -34.6M | -32.9M | -35.7M |
| CapEx / Revenue % | 40.26% | 51.69% | 45.41% | 48.29% | 38.72% | 37.07% | 37.6% | 38.31% | 38.92% | 38.87% | 37.57% | 30.05% | 22.09% | 21.06% | 22.8% | 23.62% | 26.92% | 24.61% | 26.27% | 27.61% | 34.18% | 29.47% | 21.73% | 26.79% | 33.58% | 25.14% | 15.18% | 21.56% | 18.57% | 16.85% | 19.53% |
| CapEx / D&A | 2.71x | 3.53x | 3.51x | 3.12x | 2.79x | 2.63x | 2.96x | 3.00x | 3.17x | 3.30x | 3.51x | 2.80x | 2.08x | 2.04x | 2.25x | 2.28x | 2.74x | 2.66x | 2.73x | 3.02x | 3.73x | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| CapEx Coverage (OCF/CapEx) | 0.77x | 0.59x | 0.62x | 0.57x | 0.74x | 0.79x | 0.39x | 0.62x | 0.66x | 0.57x | 0.70x | 0.82x | 0.97x | 1.01x | 1.03x | 0.94x | 0.61x | 0.65x | 0.89x | 0.49x | 0.53x | 0.91x | 0.81x | 0.60x | 0.38x | 0.62x | 0.93x | 0.96x | 1.08x | 1.20x | 0.93x |
| Cash from Investing | -539.7M | -520.14M | -474.87M | -389.42M | -335.52M | -300.87M | -346.07M | -275.96M | -273.08M | -206.65M | -230.84M | -178.26M | -134.77M | -125.2M | -128.93M | -123.27M | -122.61M | -114.72M | -99.88M | -100.33M | -114.57M | -92.67M | -69.46M | -75.54M | -87.66M | -62.05M | -37.16M | -44.5M | -34.6M | -32.9M | -35.7M |
| Acquisitions | 0 | 0 | -1.61M | -175K | 0 | -6.45M | -40.48M | 0 | 1.49M | 4.71M | 2.76M | 319K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -24.92M | -1.48M | -509K | -471K | -900K | -6.09M | -2.3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Purchase of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4.6M | -2.22M | -4.92M | -5.61M | -2.86M | -2.03M | -3.21M | -3.28M | -3.29M | -1.74M | -1.89M | -1.81M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sale of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1M | 0 | 0 | 3.49M | 1.56M | 495K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Investing | -132.81M | -3.15M | -2.46M | -5.5M | -7.77M | -2.23M | -2.33M | 28K | -1.43M | 51.88M | -2.3M | 607K | 453K | 1.07M | 2.04M | -2.98M | 3.2M | -2.29M | 32.85M | 2.5M | 353K | 2.32M | 14K | 4.8M | 3.01M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | 239.78M | 219.26M | 194.72M | 171.54M | 96.12M | 104.68M | 229.98M | 102.75M | 46.48M | 128.09M | 87.79M | 22.88M | -1.28M | -10.26M | 8.6M | -3.08M | 79.52M | 38.29M | 11.28M | -3.31M | 104.38M | -2.87M | 30.01M | 32.91M | 54.35M | 21.17M | 4.12M | 2.2M | -4.1M | -6.1M | -2.4M |
| Dividends Paid | -73.61M | -73.85M | -65.46M | -59.04M | -54.19M | -47.4M | -41.77M | -38.02M | -36.04M | -34.56M | -33.08M | -32.07M | -31.06M | -29.62M | -26.39M | -25.67M | -24.75M | -24.48M | -24.35M | -24.12M | -21.97M | -21.11M | -20.08M | -17.72M | -17.16M | -17.07M | -16.39M | -13.9M | -13.7M | -13.5M | -13.2M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio % | - | 57.6% | 34.31% | 113.73% | 56.44% | 46.87% | 43.13% | 60.24% | 54.96% | 51.45% | 67.96% | 71.23% | 54.75% | 62.68% | 54.04% | 68.08% | 65.73% | 60.35% | 60.88% | 76.93% | 85.27% | 76.97% | 76.58% | 91.28% | 89.95% | 114.07% | 82.09% | 77.46% | 74.46% | 57.94% | 69.11% |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -961K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Stock Issued | 10.18M | 4.04M | 89.03M | 115.11M | 106.74M | 197.72M | 83.58M | 20.42M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110.69M | 110.69M | 0 | 965K | 912K | 614K | 0 | 372K | 79.55M | 720K | 37.54M | 43.78M | 0 | 0 | 644K | 46K | 0 | 0 | 1.4M |
| Share Repurchases | -1.15M | -1.43M | -1.44M | -1.84M | -2.01M | -1.77M | -1.68M | -2.5M | -1.65M | -1.5M | -744K | -338K | 7.11M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -3.72M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | 167.88M | 68.19M | 23.66M | 126.44M | 122.75M | 17.54M | 100.66M | 40.63M | 11.31M | 12.99M | 78.61M | 9.64M | 5.69M | -44.13M | -431K | 1.03M | -875K | 0 | 3.72M | 22.16M | 28.77M | 18.47M | 16.22M | 17.72M | 18.83M | 13.2M | 1.86M | 8.78M | 2.7M | 3.3M | 5.3M |
| Net Change in Cash | 13.61M | 1.69M | 10.72M | -59K | 4.37M | 35.52M | 1.83M | -4.42M | -47.59M | 69.28M | 16.66M | -10.75M | -7.92M | -11.28M | 11.59M | -15.07M | 32.41M | -4M | 7.13M | -53.58M | 50.78M | -9.29M | 15.96M | 1.79M | 110K | -2.29M | 1.59M | 300K | -1.1M | 300K | -4.9M |
| Exchange Rate Effect | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -100K | 100K | -100K | 0 |
| Cash at Beginning | 97.37M | 95.69M | 84.97M | 85.03M | 80.65M | 45.13M | 43.3M | 47.72M | 95.3M | 25.49M | 8.84M | 19.59M | 27.51M | 38.79M | 27.2M | 42.28M | 9.87M | 13.87M | 6.73M | 60.31M | 9.53M | 18.82M | 2.86M | 1.06M | 953K | 3.24M | 1.66M | 1.1M | 1.7M | 1.4M | 6.3M |
| Cash at End | 103.74M | 97.37M | 95.69M | 84.97M | 85.03M | 80.65M | 45.13M | 43.3M | 47.72M | 94.78M | 25.49M | 8.84M | 19.59M | 27.51M | 38.79M | 27.2M | 42.28M | 9.87M | 13.87M | 6.73M | 60.31M | 9.53M | 18.82M | 2.86M | 1.06M | 953K | 3.24M | 1.4M | 600K | 1.7M | 1.4M |
| Free Cash Flow | -93.36M | -214.43M | -179.93M | -165.93M | -83.98M | -61.48M | -180.73M | -104.98M | -92.69M | -111.35M | -69.24M | -32.2M | -3.88M | 1.19M | 4.23M | -7.27M | -48.42M | -38.18M | -12.07M | -51.29M | -53.45M | -8.26M | -13.16M | -29.82M | -54.95M | -23.46M | -2.53M | -1.8M | 2.9M | 6.5M | -2.5M |
| FCF Growth % | 44.53% | -19.17% | -8.44% | -97.57% | -36.61% | 65.98% | -72.16% | -13.26% | 16.76% | -60.82% | -115.01% | -729.52% | -427.59% | -72.01% | 158.19% | 84.98% | -26.8% | -216.25% | 76.46% | 4.04% | -547.21% | 37.26% | 55.86% | 45.72% | -134.19% | -825.89% | -40.78% | -162.07% | -55.38% | 360% | -200% |
| FCF Margin % | -9.24% | -21.44% | -17.35% | -20.88% | -9.92% | -7.77% | -22.75% | -14.69% | -13.28% | -16.7% | -11.36% | -5.47% | -0.65% | 0.2% | 0.76% | -1.45% | -10.52% | -8.5% | -2.94% | -13.97% | -15.97% | -2.57% | -4.17% | -10.76% | -20.88% | -9.51% | -1.04% | -0.87% | 1.56% | 3.33% | -1.37% |
| FCF / Net Income % | -78.51% | -167.25% | -94.3% | -319.64% | -87.47% | -60.79% | -186.64% | -166.32% | -141.33% | -165.75% | -142.25% | -71.53% | -6.84% | 2.51% | 8.67% | -19.29% | -128.57% | -94.16% | -30.33% | -164.6% | -208.94% | -30.33% | -50.57% | -153.59% | -288.08% | -156.78% | -12.69% | -9.05% | 15.76% | 27.9% | -13.09% |
Regulatory lag and capital intensity
As reported in quarterly financial statements, CWT's operating cash flow has demonstrated significant variance, ranging from a low of $26.5 million in 2024Q1 to a peak of $167.3 million in 2025Q3, suggesting that cash generation is highly sensitive to seasonal demand and regulatory timing.
The inconsistency in operating cash flow suggests that the company's core regulated operations may be struggling with the timing of cost recovery mechanisms. Investors should monitor whether these fluctuations represent temporary working capital timing differences or a more structural inability to convert regulated earnings into reliable cash inflows.
Based on the provided cash flow data, CWT consistently maintains a high capital expenditure profile, with quarterly investments frequently exceeding $100 million, which significantly outstrips operating cash flow in most periods and necessitates a heavy reliance on external financing to fund the expanding rate base.
The persistent gap between capital expenditures and operating cash flow is typical for a utility in a heavy investment cycle, yet the magnitude of this deficit warrants caution. This aggressive spending appears to be driven by mandatory infrastructure upgrades, which may pressure liquidity if regulatory rate cases do not provide timely, commensurate revenue increases.
According to recent financial disclosures, CWT frequently records negative free cash flow, such as the $71.7 million deficit in 2025Q1, forcing the company to tap capital markets to bridge the funding gap and sustain its long-standing commitment to dividend growth for shareholders.
The reliance on external financing to cover both capital expenditures and dividend payments suggests a vulnerable cash position. If capital market conditions tighten or the cost of debt increases, the company may face difficult trade-offs between maintaining its dividend streak and funding essential infrastructure projects.
As indicated by the quarterly cash flow tables, CWT maintains dividend payments despite recurring free cash flow deficits, with OCF-to-dividend coverage ratios fluctuating widely from 1.6x in 2024Q1 to 9.4x in 2025Q3, reflecting the inherent tension between capital reinvestment and shareholder distributions.
While the dividend history is impressive, the reliance on external financing to support these payouts appears to be a structural feature rather than a temporary anomaly. Investors should interpret this as a signal that dividend safety is tethered more to the company's access to debt markets than to its current cash-generating capacity.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying CWT stock.
California Water Service Group (CWT) generated $302.6M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
California Water Service Group (CWT) reported negative free cash flow of $214.4M in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
California Water Service Group (CWT) spent $517.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, California Water Service Group (CWT) returned $73.9M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $1.4M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.