Free cash flow generation is highly erratic, with margins fluctuating from a positive 31.3% in 2024Q2 to a negative 18.2% in 2025Q4, highlighting the difficulty in maintaining liquidity.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 266M | -313M | 832M | 3.74B | 1.05B | 321M | -416M | -1.46B | 915M | -1.44B | 1.66B | 714M | -390M | 717M | 1.51B | 2B | 41M | 265M | 841M | -2.92B | 290.19M | 247.35M | 51.37M | 18.46M | 122.26M | 81.75M | 76.44M | 55.8M | 51.01M | 46.01M | 43.98M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | -3.33% | 8.18% | 31.33% | 7.32% | 2.61% | -6.24% | -13.02% | 8.4% | -13.71% | 10.21% | 4.71% | -2.06% | 3.47% | 9.56% | 16.74% | 0.45% | 3.42% | 11.38% | -117.21% | 19.63% | 27.45% | 11.27% | 6.51% | 37.4% | 27.5% | 24.27% | 56.63% | 54.67% | 64.88% | 61.28% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 104.16% | -137.62% | -77.73% | 254.12% | 228.66% | 177.16% | 71.51% | -259.56% | 163.72% | -186.77% | 131.79% | 283.08% | -154.39% | -52.64% | -24.11% | 4765.85% | -84.53% | -68.49% | 128.84% | -1104.8% | 17.32% | 381.54% | 178.2% | -84.9% | 49.54% | 6.96% | 36.98% | 9.39% | 10.86% | 4.62% | 24.14% |
| Net Income | -486M | -293M | -542M | -1.01B | -25M | -500M | -2.47B | -1.04B | 2.05B | 2.59B | -2.22B | -2.13B | -529M | 2.44B | 727M | 1.76B | 743M | 1.19B | -43M | 833.91M | 23.07M | -50.31M | 77.25M | 61.33M | 64.45M | 67.53M | 75.15M | 95.82M | 70.64M | 75.38M | 57.82M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 608M | 603M | 511M | 518M | 509M | 517M | 510M | 450M | 447M | 1.02B | 1.03B | 863M | 809M | 742M | 575M | 447M | 463M | 401M | 332M | 35.96M | 71.45M | 158.58M | 29.95M | 18.6M | 21.23M | 18.03M | 15.1M | 5.58M | 4.92M | 5.11M | 5.68M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8M | 20M | 27M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.25M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 28M | 9M | -45M | -48M | -148M | -168M | -49M | -89M | -19M | -592M | -99M | -30M | -191M | -157M | -297M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -17M | -13.53M | 2K | 10.13M | 13.95M | -7.15M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 717M | -292M | -1.47B | 4.43B | 3.43B | 2.03B | 3.69B | -2.39B | 306M | 1.82B | 5.88B | -1.95B | -2.08B | -2.37B | 738M | 2.89B | -2.3B | -2.03B | -2.77B | -3.5B | 104.35M | 113.42M | 17.55M | -11.13M | 8.09M | -6.66M | -4.02M | -44.02M | -12.27M | -34.39M | -23.61M |
| Working Capital Changes | -735M | -340M | 2.37B | -154M | -2.71B | -1.55B | -2.1B | 1.61B | -2.83B | -1.88B | -3.33B | 1.44B | 1.92B | 3.79B | 1.13B | -3.11B | 1.14B | 703M | -384M | 200.89M | 85.06M | -5.73M | -47.18M | -43.19M | 28.49M | 2.85M | -9.79M | -1.57M | -12.28M | -93K | 4.09M |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | 86M | 15M | 85M | -110M | -110M | 28M | -33M | 45M | -67M | 72M | 43M | 103M | 26M | -193M | -148M | -185M | 2M | 0 | 46.42M | 92.63M | -1.67M | -139.66M | -2.68M | 27.83M | -4.25M | 4.55M | -3.2M | -11.2M | 1.2M | -2.4M |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 28M | 133M | 27M | -96M | -83M | 147M | -20M | -86M | -198M | -38M | -74M | 82M | 39M | 32M | -190M | -75M | 116M | 0 | 23.74M | 8.82M | 17.88M | 82.24M | 0 | 4.28M | -4.91M | -1.93M | -1.57M | -12.28M | -89K | 4.09M |
| Change in Payables | 0 | -135M | -33M | 59M | 45M | 77M | -162M | 145M | -61M | 181M | 18M | -32M | -21M | 31M | -152M | 123M | 140M | -44M | 0 | 151.69M | -7.57M | -4.07M | 92.48M | -40.5M | 656K | -641K | -6.48M | 1.6M | -1M | -1.3M | 6.4M |
| Cash from Investing | -466M | -1B | -215M | -290M | -260M | 528M | -581M | 565M | 2.59B | 414M | -1.85B | -2.35B | -1.96B | -1.46B | -2.28B | -614M | -311M | -203M | 823M | 90.92M | 1.06B | -1.18B | -308.17M | 384.69M | -136.92M | -153.39M | -70.6M | 39.6M | -176.78M | -329.56M | -74.02M |
| Capital Expenditures | -367M | -341M | -280M | -303M | -338M | -305M | -199M | -250M | -272M | -991M | -826M | -1.36B | -1.41B | -1.16B | -890M | -481M | -422M | -191M | -794M | -82.56M | -61.34M | -362.69M | -92.65M | -20.15M | -22.98M | -63.73M | -52.79M | -28M | -41.96M | -64.9M | -9.22M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 3.61% | 3.62% | 2.75% | 2.54% | 2.34% | 2.48% | 2.99% | 2.23% | 2.5% | 9.46% | 5.1% | 8.97% | 7.44% | 5.62% | 5.62% | 4.04% | 4.62% | 2.47% | 10.75% | 3.32% | 4.15% | 40.26% | 20.33% | 7.1% | 7.03% | 21.43% | 16.76% | 28.42% | 44.97% | 91.51% | 12.85% |
| Acquisitions | -12M | -478M | -2M | -20M | 4M | 394M | 17M | 445M | 3.35B | -606M | -1.05B | -855M | -558M | -285M | -1.36B | -142M | 116M | 191M | -68M | -47.65M | -208.65M | -293.65M | -218.79M | 15.29M | -18.23M | 3.66M | -27.33M | 29.73M | 23M | 37.64M | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -1.06B | -181M | -23M | 33M | -79M | -6M | -160M | -38M | -2.44B | -320M | 57M | -4.11B | -4.99B | 38M | 20M | 5M | 4.03B | -205M | 1.12B | 38.34M | 1.01B | 435.44M | 154.88M | 420.66M | -93.02M | -233.93M | 19.02M | 46.42M | -94.02M | -41.9M | 17.8M |
| Cash from Financing | -1.38B | -507M | -1.32B | -2.38B | -344M | 293M | -653M | 587M | -152M | 743M | 87M | 826M | 2.01B | 907M | 1.54B | -2.05B | 983M | -823M | -1.18B | 3.1B | 8.96M | 702.79M | 532.01M | 9.68M | 5.04M | -15.05M | -831K | 5.88M | 13.08M | 307.15M | -30.68M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -188M | -201M | -398M | -460M | -601M | -371M | -182M | 770M | -78M | -76M | -15M | 1B | 2.13B | -442M | 1.11B | -68M | 1.22B | 160M | -258M | 1.12B | 66.74M | 459.84M | 545.24M | 14.55M | 17.26M | -15.05M | 3.27M | 6.19M | 13.95M | 36.9M | -30.4M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -72M | -26M | 188M | 593M | 513M | 0 | 6M | 0 | -17M | 2.57B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -700K | 272.3M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -288M | -288M | -391M | -307M | -226M | -134M | -526M | -112M | -97M | -81M | -103M | -116M | -125M | -51M | -41M | -48M | -85M | -77M | 0 | -37.35M | -25.25M | -12.62M | -17.92M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4.1M | -10K | -129K | -1.07M | -156.46K |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -72M | -57M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -17M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -700K | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -904M | -18M | -534M | -1.62B | 483M | 798M | -47M | -71M | 18M | 900M | 248M | -32M | -185M | 807M | -39M | -1.93B | -155M | -906M | -830M | -392.63M | -32.53M | 1.13B | 4.69M | 0 | 840K | 0 | 0 | -293K | -37K | -900K | -143.54K |
| Net Change in Cash | -1.86B | -920M | -707M | 1.06B | 450M | 1.15B | -1.65B | -393M | 3.43B | -151M | -245M | -830M | -350M | 154M | 793M | -685M | 707M | -742M | 499M | 228.35M | 1.45B | -230.19M | 275.21M | 412.83M | -9.62M | -86.69M | 5.01M | 101.28M | -112.69M | 23.6M | -60.72M |
| Free Cash Flow | -101M | -654M | 552M | 3.43B | 717M | 16M | -615M | -1.71B | 643M | -2.43B | 829M | -645M | -1.8B | -444M | 624M | 1.51B | -381M | 74M | 47M | -3B | 228.85M | -115.34M | -41.28M | -1.68M | 99.27M | 18.03M | 23.65M | 27.8M | 9.05M | -18.89M | 34.76M |
| FCF Margin % | -0.99% | -6.95% | 5.43% | 28.79% | 4.97% | 0.13% | -9.23% | -15.24% | 5.9% | -23.17% | 5.11% | -4.26% | -9.49% | -2.15% | 3.94% | 12.7% | -4.17% | 0.96% | 0.64% | -120.53% | 15.48% | -12.8% | -9.06% | -0.59% | 30.37% | 6.06% | 7.51% | 28.21% | 9.7% | -26.63% | 48.43% |
| FCF Growth % | -116.81% | -218.48% | -83.92% | 378.8% | 4381.25% | 102.6% | 64.04% | -365.94% | 126.49% | -392.76% | 228.53% | 64.19% | -305.63% | -171.15% | -58.78% | 497.38% | -614.86% | 57.45% | 101.57% | -1410.2% | 298.42% | -179.39% | -2352.88% | -101.7% | 450.62% | -23.76% | -14.93% | 207.02% | 147.94% | -154.34% | 117.22% |
| FCF per Share | -0.18 | -1.14 | 1.18 | 8.99 | 2.27 | 0.06 | -2.78 | -8.55 | 3.57 | -15.07 | 6.02 | -5.09 | -15.05 | -3.98 | 6.15 | 16.16 | -4.36 | 0.90 | 0.64 | -44.17 | 3.56 | -2.05 | -0.77 | -0.03 | 1.71 | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.14 | -0.52 | 1.17 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.21x | 1.07x | -1.91x | -5.58x | -5.89x | -0.53x | 0.26x | 1.36x | 0.45x | -0.60x | -1.50x | -0.61x | 1.07x | 0.71x | 3.99x | 2.71x | 0.21x | 1.16x | -1.57x | -244.31x | 11.87x | -14.99x | 0.75x | 0.27x | 1.90x | 1.21x | 1.02x | 0.58x | 0.72x | 0.61x | 0.76x |
| Interest Paid | 260M | 0 | 423M | 426M | 438M | 485M | 507M | 0 | 484M | 499M | 489M | 0 | 607M | 482M | 501M | 445M | 293M | 0 | 340M | 150M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 9M | 0 | 66M | 105M | 180M | 72M | 0 | 0 | 20M | 39M | 10M | 0 | 115M | 126M | 236M | 59M | 35M | 0 | 239M | 27M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Operational Cash Flow Volatility
As reported in recent financial filings, the relationship between net income and operating cash flow for IEP is highly erratic, exemplified by the 2026Q1 period where the partnership generated $397 million in operating cash flow despite reporting a substantial net loss of $612 million.
The persistent divergence between bottom-line accounting losses and operating cash inflows suggests that non-cash charges and mark-to-market investment adjustments are significantly distorting the partnership's true economic performance. Investors should monitor this disconnect, as it implies that reported net income is an unreliable proxy for the actual cash-generating capacity of the underlying industrial subsidiaries.
Based on the provided quarterly data, IEP's free cash flow trajectory remains deeply inconsistent, with margins swinging from a positive 31.3% in 2024Q2 to a negative 18.2% in 2025Q4, reflecting the inherent difficulty in maintaining stable cash generation across its diverse and cyclical business segments.
The inability to sustain positive free cash flow suggests that the partnership's capital-intensive industrial operations are frequently consuming more cash than they produce. This volatility complicates the assessment of the partnership's long-term ability to fund its activist investment strategy without relying on external financing or asset divestitures.
According to historical cash flow statements, working capital movements have become a primary driver of liquidity, with a massive $1.4 billion inflow in 2024Q4 followed by a $964 million outflow in 2025Q3, indicating that operational cash flow is highly sensitive to timing differences in inventory and payables.
These dramatic fluctuations in working capital suggest that the partnership's cash position is subject to significant, non-recurring shifts that may mask underlying operational weaknesses. Analysts should be cautious in interpreting these swings as sustainable improvements in cash management, as they appear more reflective of cyclical inventory cycles and timing-related adjustments.
As evidenced by recent quarterly reports, IEP maintains a consistent capital expenditure profile relative to revenue, with CapEx/Rev ratios hovering between 2.1% and 4.9%, which places a persistent, non-discretionary burden on the partnership's ability to generate free cash flow during periods of revenue contraction.
The requirement to fund ongoing maintenance and growth capital in capital-intensive segments like Energy and Automotive limits the partnership's financial flexibility. This capital intensity warrants further investigation, as it suggests that a significant portion of operating cash flow is effectively locked into maintaining existing asset bases rather than being available for new activist deployments.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying IEP stock.
Icahn Enterprises L.P. (IEP) generated $-313.0M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Icahn Enterprises L.P. (IEP) reported negative free cash flow of $654.0M in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
Icahn Enterprises L.P. (IEP) spent $341.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Icahn Enterprises L.P. (IEP) returned $288.0M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.