Revenue performance remains highly erratic, with operating margins swinging from a negative 70.7% in 2025Q1 to a robust 68.1% in 2026Q1 due to the lumpy nature of collaboration-based accounting.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 |
|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 361.51M | 296.15M | 351.41M | 442.74M | 410.6M | 413.75M | 389.52M | 428.41M | 346.64M | 298.28M | 273.96M | 149.56M | 76.44M | 22.88M | 150.25M | 65.87M | 43.86M | 36.1M | 22.22M | 10.46M |
| Revenue Growth % | 13.8% | -15.72% | -20.63% | 7.83% | -0.76% | 6.22% | -9.08% | 23.59% | 16.21% | 8.88% | 83.18% | 95.66% | 234.06% | -84.77% | 128.09% | 50.2% | 21.48% | 62.5% | 112.31% | - |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 1.39M | 0 | 7.55M | 6.15M | 1.42M | 70.41M | 3.14M | 135.39M | 32.75M | 19.41M | 1.87M | 12K | 25.58M | 7.2M | 965K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| COGS % of Revenue | - | - | 2.15% | 1.39% | 0.35% | 17.02% | 0.81% | 31.6% | 9.45% | 6.51% | 0.68% | 0.01% | 33.47% | 31.48% | 0.64% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gross Profit | 360.13M | 296.15M | 343.86M | 436.59M | 409.18M | 343.35M | 386.39M | 293.02M | 313.89M | 278.87M | 272.09M | 149.54M | 50.85M | 15.68M | 149.28M | 65.87M | 43.86M | 36.1M | 22.22M | 10.46M |
| Gross Margin % | 99.62% | 100% | 97.85% | 98.61% | 99.65% | 82.98% | 99.19% | 68.4% | 90.55% | 93.49% | 99.32% | 99.99% | 66.53% | 68.52% | 99.36% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | -13.87% | -21.24% | 6.7% | 19.17% | -11.14% | 31.86% | -6.65% | 12.56% | 2.49% | 81.95% | 194.07% | 224.36% | -89.5% | 126.62% | 50.2% | 21.48% | 62.5% | 112.31% | - |
| Operating Expenses | 158.29M | 177.39M | 250.73M | 1.38B | 158.84M | 111.09M | 243.45M | 172.9M | 415.9M | 387.56M | 313.75M | 233.99M | 220.22M | 267.68M | 222.04M | 132.01M | 104.62M | 108.87M | 78.14M | 68.08M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | - | 59.9% | 71.35% | 312.15% | 38.69% | 26.85% | 62.5% | 40.36% | 119.98% | 129.94% | 114.53% | 156.46% | 288.11% | 1169.88% | 147.79% | 200.41% | 238.55% | 301.57% | 351.71% | 650.6% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 70.03M | 82.26M | 0 | 0 | 115.99M | 0 | 140M | 0 | 241.29M | 233.12M | 173.28M | 125.25M | 118.33M | 123.23M | 92.54M | 45.92M | 27.17M | 23.98M | 18.33M | 10.83M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | - | 27.77% | - | - | 28.25% | - | 35.94% | - | 69.61% | 78.16% | 63.25% | 83.75% | 154.81% | 538.56% | 61.59% | 69.71% | 61.95% | 66.42% | 82.5% | 103.53% |
| Research & Development | 88.26M | 95.14M | 111.42M | 116.08M | 44.27M | 70.41M | 88.06M | 122.24M | 166.5M | 148.23M | 139.49M | 108.75M | 101.89M | 102.38M | 113.47M | 86.09M | 77.45M | 84.89M | 59.81M | 57.25M |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | 32.12% | 31.71% | 26.22% | 10.78% | 17.02% | 22.61% | 28.53% | 48.03% | 49.69% | 50.92% | 72.71% | 133.3% | 447.44% | 75.53% | 130.7% | 176.61% | 235.14% | 269.22% | 547.08% |
| Other Operating Expenses | 0 | 0 | 139.31M | 1.27B | -1.42M | 40.68M | 15.38M | 50.66M | 8.11M | 6.21M | 981K | 0 | 661K | 42.07M | 16.03M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating Income | 201.84M | 118.76M | 93.12M | -945.43M | 250.34M | 232.26M | 142.94M | 120.12M | -238.89M | -77.39M | -51.87M | -102.09M | -169.37M | -252M | -72.76M | -66.14M | -60.77M | -72.77M | -55.92M | -57.62M |
| Operating Margin % | 55.83% | 40.1% | 26.5% | -213.54% | 60.97% | 56.13% | 36.7% | 28.04% | -68.92% | -25.94% | -18.93% | -68.26% | -221.58% | -1101.36% | -48.43% | -100.41% | -138.55% | -201.57% | -251.72% | -550.6% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 27.53% | 109.85% | -477.66% | 7.78% | 62.49% | 18.99% | 150.28% | -208.71% | -49.19% | 49.19% | 39.72% | 32.79% | -246.34% | -10.01% | -8.85% | 16.5% | -30.13% | 2.94% | - |
| EBITDA | 203.69M | 120.64M | 95.14M | -943.86M | 251.75M | 233.78M | 146.5M | 125.7M | -226.92M | -62.77M | -40.61M | -90.46M | -157.04M | -240.27M | -61.44M | -56.14M | -54.6M | -67.52M | -53.07M | -55.88M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 56.34% | 40.74% | 27.07% | -213.19% | 61.31% | 56.5% | 37.61% | 29.34% | -65.46% | -21.04% | -14.82% | -60.48% | -205.45% | -1050.1% | -40.89% | -85.23% | -124.51% | -187.03% | -238.89% | -534.06% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 270.52% | 26.81% | 110.08% | -474.91% | 7.69% | 59.57% | 16.55% | 155.39% | -261.53% | -54.56% | 55.11% | 42.4% | 34.64% | -291.09% | -9.43% | -2.82% | 19.13% | -27.22% | 5.03% | - |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 1.84M | 1.88M | 2.01M | 1.57M | 1.42M | 1.52M | 3.56M | 5.58M | 11.97M | 14.62M | 11.26M | 11.63M | 12.33M | 11.73M | 11.32M | 10M | 6.16M | 5.25M | 2.85M | 1.73M |
| EBIT | 203.63M | 102.77M | 95.72M | 195.84M | 260.02M | 232.22M | 138.34M | 122.97M | -156.42M | -18.55M | -42.55M | -111.57M | -168.45M | -251.81M | -72.56M | -64.79M | -59.16M | -59.98M | -54.7M | -52.9M |
| Net Interest Income | -28.91M | -28.67M | -28.57M | -2.66M | 1.9M | -30.42M | -27.97M | -33.74M | -34.73M | -34.26M | -37.98M | -30.65M | -20.91M | -20.81M | 138K | 393K | 418K | -78K | 1.79M | 3.85M |
| Interest Income | 4.91M | 4.08M | 4.47M | 18.97M | 9.5M | 726K | 1.5M | 2.86M | 2.99M | 2.11M | 1.17M | 443K | 257K | 192K | 197K | 456K | 614K | 243K | 2.12M | 4.12M |
| Interest Expense | 33.82M | 32.75M | 33.03M | 21.63M | 7.6M | 31.15M | 29.48M | 36.6M | 37.72M | 36.37M | 39.15M | 31.1M | 21.17M | 21M | 59K | 63K | 196K | 474K | 334K | 263K |
| Other Income/Expense | -30.37M | -48.73M | -27.93M | -2.64M | 2.08M | -31.6M | -34.08M | -61.18M | -43.48M | -71.16M | -29.84M | -40.58M | -20.25M | -20.81M | 138K | 1.29M | 1.41M | -838K | 890K | 4.46M |
| Pretax Income | 171.47M | 70.03M | 65.2M | -948.07M | 252.42M | 200.66M | 108.86M | 58.94M | -282.37M | -116.94M | -81.71M | -142.67M | -189.62M | -272.81M | -72.62M | -64.85M | -59.35M | -73.61M | -55.03M | -53.16M |
| Pretax Margin % | 47.43% | 23.64% | 18.55% | -214.14% | 61.48% | 48.5% | 27.95% | 13.76% | -81.46% | -39.2% | -29.83% | -95.4% | -248.07% | -1192.31% | -48.34% | -98.45% | -135.34% | -203.89% | -247.71% | -508.03% |
| Income Tax | 69.29M | 46.01M | 64.32M | 83.49M | 77.36M | -327.79M | 2.69M | 0 | -5.75M | 34.26M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3K | -2.94M | -296K | 0 | -145K |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 40.41% | 65.7% | 98.65% | -8.81% | 30.65% | -163.36% | 2.47% | 0% | 2.04% | -29.3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | -0% | 4.96% | 0.4% | 0% | 0.27% |
| Net Income | 102.18M | 24.02M | 880K | -1B | 175.06M | 528.45M | 106.18M | 21.5M | -282.37M | -116.94M | -81.71M | -142.67M | -189.62M | -272.81M | -72.62M | -64.85M | -52.98M | -71.19M | -53.87M | -52.75M |
| Net Margin % | 28.26% | 8.11% | 0.25% | -226.37% | 42.64% | 127.72% | 27.26% | 5.02% | -81.46% | -39.2% | -29.83% | -95.4% | -248.07% | -1192.31% | -48.34% | -98.45% | -120.8% | -197.18% | -242.5% | -504.13% |
| Net Income Growth % | 415.9% | 2629.2% | 100.09% | -672.5% | -66.87% | 397.71% | 393.73% | 107.62% | -141.47% | -43.12% | 42.73% | 24.76% | 30.5% | -275.65% | -11.98% | -22.41% | 25.57% | -32.13% | -2.13% | - |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 102.18M | 24.02M | 880K | -1.03B | 175.06M | 528.45M | 106.18M | 58.94M | -194.15M | -54.91M | -81.71M | -142.67M | -189.62M | -272.81M | -72.62M | -64.85M | -56.41M | -73.31M | -55.03M | -53.16M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -37.44M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.21M | 5.34M | 6.5M |
| EPS (Diluted) | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.01 | -6.45 | 0.96 | 3.21 | 0.66 | -0.10 | -1.85 | -0.78 | -0.56 | -1.00 | -1.39 | -2.35 | -0.68 | -0.65 | -0.59 | -1.02 | -0.77 | -0.70 |
| EPS Growth % | 400.86% | - | 100.09% | -771.88% | -70.09% | 386.36% | 772.1% | 94.69% | -137.18% | -39.29% | 44% | 28.06% | 40.85% | -245.59% | -4.62% | -10.17% | 42.16% | -32.47% | -10% | - |
| EPS (Basic) | - | 0.15 | 0.01 | -6.45 | 1.13 | 3.26 | 0.67 | -0.10 | -1.85 | -0.79 | -0.56 | -1.00 | -1.39 | -2.35 | -0.68 | -0.65 | -0.59 | -10.00 | -7.82 | -7.41 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 166.69M | 177.76M | 160.08M | 155.44M | 186.31M | 164.42M | 160.66M | 156.02M | 152.63M | 148.99M | 145.91M | 142.16M | 136.81M | 115.85M | 106.4M | 99.88M | 89.65M | 69.77M | 69.77M | 75.57M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 163.45M | 162.22M | 159.08M | 155.44M | 154.37M | 162.25M | 159.43M | 156.02M | 152.63M | 148.42M | 144.93M | 142.16M | 136.81M | 115.85M | 106.4M | 99.88M | 89.65M | 7.12M | 6.89M | 7.12M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Single-product revenue concentration
As evidenced by the company's financial filings, Ironwood's top-line performance exhibits significant quarterly volatility, highlighted by a 158.9% year-over-year revenue surge in 2026Q1 following a sharp 47.3% contraction in 2025Q4, reflecting the inherent instability of a business model heavily reliant on profit-sharing collaboration accounting.
The extreme fluctuations in reported revenue suggest that the company's top line is highly sensitive to the timing of profit-sharing settlements rather than consistent underlying demand. Investors should monitor whether this volatility persists as the company attempts to integrate new assets, as the current trajectory lacks the predictability typically associated with mature pharmaceutical franchises.
Based on reported financial statements, Ironwood frequently records gross margins near 100%, a structural artifact of its collaboration accounting model where manufacturing costs are netted out before revenue recognition, though periodic deviations to 33.3% suggest occasional shifts in how these partnership economics are realized.
The 100% gross margin figure should not be interpreted as a lack of production costs, but rather as a reflection of the company's role as a royalty and profit-share recipient. Analysts must be cautious, as these high margins provide a misleading view of operational efficiency when compared to peers that manage their own physical supply chains.
According to recent income statement data, operating margins have swung from a negative 70.7% in 2025Q1 to a robust 68.1% in 2026Q1, indicating that the company's ability to scale operating income is currently tethered to the lumpy nature of its collaboration-based revenue recognition.
The lack of consistent operating leverage suggests that SG&A expenses are not yet optimized to support a diversified pipeline. The recent reduction in SG&A relative to revenue in 2026Q1 appears to be a primary driver of the margin expansion, though it remains unclear if this level of efficiency is sustainable.
As reported in financial statements, Ironwood's cost structure is characterized by significant R&D spending, which remained relatively consistent near $21M to $22M in recent quarters, even as revenue experienced dramatic swings, suggesting a management commitment to pipeline development despite top-line instability.
The company's expense discipline appears focused on maintaining R&D momentum for assets like apraglutide, even during periods of revenue contraction. This strategy may indicate a long-term pivot toward becoming a more traditional biotech developer, though it places sustained pressure on the company's bottom line during lean quarters.
Based on an analysis of historical income statements, the company's profitability is highly susceptible to the marketing priorities of its partner, AbbVie, as evidenced by the sharp net income swings that occurred when collaboration revenue failed to meet expectations in previous fiscal periods.
Short-term profitability appears to be a function of external partnership dynamics rather than internal operational control. Investors should consider the risk that any shift in AbbVie's strategic focus could lead to a rapid erosion of Ironwood's primary income stream, regardless of the underlying demand for linaclotide.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying IRWD stock.
For fiscal year 2025, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IRWD) reported total revenue of $296.2M. This represents a 2730.2% increase compared to $10.5M in 2007.
Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IRWD) is profitable, generating $24.0M in net income for the fiscal year ending 2025 with a net profit margin of 8.1%.
Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IRWD) reported an operating income of $118.8M, resulting in an operating profit margin of 40.1%. This margin reflects the operational efficiency of the business before interest and taxes.
Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IRWD) generated $296.2M in gross profit for the year, representing a gross profit margin of 100.0%. This demonstrates the company's core pricing power and production efficiency.