Revenue growth accelerated to 15.2% in 2026Q3 with EPS up 19.0%, but gross margin slipped to a series-low 34.8% from 36.8% a year prior, indicating volume gains may be margin-bought even as SG&A discipline lifted operating margin to 17.3%.
Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (LECO) annual income statement — 30-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 4.64B | 4.23B | 4.01B | 4.19B | 3.76B | 3.23B | 2.66B | 3B | 3.03B | 2.62B | 2.27B | 2.54B | 2.81B | 2.85B | 2.85B | 2.69B | 2.07B | 1.73B | 2.48B | 2.28B | 1.97B | 1.6B | 1.33B | 1.04B | 994.08M | 978.88M | 1.06B | 1.09B | 1.19B | 1.16B | 1.11B |
| Revenue Growth % | 11.13% | 5.54% | -4.37% | 11.44% | 16.3% | 21.8% | -11.58% | -0.84% | 15.4% | 15.38% | -10.3% | -9.86% | -1.38% | -0.02% | 5.89% | 30.16% | 19.71% | -30.25% | 8.7% | 15.66% | 23.15% | 20.06% | 28.17% | 4.68% | 1.55% | -7.53% | -2.54% | -8.47% | 2.38% | 4.51% | 7.43% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 2.99B | 2.7B | 2.53B | 2.71B | 2.48B | 2.17B | 1.78B | 2B | 2B | 1.74B | 1.49B | 1.67B | 1.86B | 1.91B | 1.99B | 1.96B | 1.51B | 1.27B | 1.76B | 1.63B | 1.42B | 1.16B | 971.32M | 759.92M | 694.05M | 671.55M | 668.79M | 685.3M | 701.5M | 690M | 657M |
| COGS % of Revenue | - | 63.7% | 63.13% | 64.75% | 65.95% | 66.96% | 67.19% | 66.45% | 66.04% | 66.48% | 65.42% | 65.93% | 66.13% | 66.81% | 69.59% | 72.66% | 72.76% | 73.62% | 70.95% | 71.61% | 71.99% | 72.71% | 72.83% | 73.03% | 69.82% | 68.6% | 63.18% | 63.09% | 59.11% | 59.53% | 59.24% |
| Gross Profit | 1.65B | 1.54B | 1.48B | 1.48B | 1.28B | 1.07B | 871.34M | 1.01B | 1.03B | 879.68M | 786.56M | 864.02M | 952.76M | 946.77M | 867.7M | 736.74M | 563.82M | 456.27M | 720.15M | 647.57M | 552.28M | 436.92M | 362.36M | 280.67M | 300.02M | 307.33M | 389.81M | 400.9M | 485.2M | 469.1M | 452.1M |
| Gross Margin % | 35.53% | 36.3% | 36.87% | 35.25% | 34.05% | 33.04% | 32.81% | 33.55% | 33.96% | 33.52% | 34.58% | 34.07% | 33.87% | 33.19% | 30.41% | 27.34% | 27.24% | 26.38% | 29.05% | 28.39% | 28.01% | 27.29% | 27.17% | 26.97% | 30.18% | 31.4% | 36.82% | 36.91% | 40.89% | 40.47% | 40.76% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | 3.9% | 0.02% | 15.38% | 19.85% | 22.64% | -13.52% | -2.04% | 16.92% | 11.84% | -8.97% | -9.31% | 0.63% | 9.11% | 17.78% | 30.67% | 23.57% | -36.64% | 11.21% | 17.25% | 26.4% | 20.58% | 29.11% | -6.45% | -2.38% | -21.16% | -2.77% | -17.37% | 3.43% | 3.76% | 5.75% |
| Operating Expenses | 833.11M | 820.67M | 841.48M | 759.85M | 668.42M | 606.94M | 589.27M | 636.68M | 652.98M | 502.74M | 502.94M | 682.32M | 579.02M | 539.79M | 497.92M | 440.06M | 377.77M | 333.39M | 424.75M | 370.12M | 315.83M | 287.07M | 259.06M | 212.45M | 208.5M | 190.16M | 250.93M | 252.9M | 337.8M | 334.2M | 339.8M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | - | 19.4% | 20.99% | 18.13% | 17.77% | 18.77% | 22.19% | 21.2% | 21.56% | 19.16% | 22.11% | 26.91% | 20.58% | 18.92% | 17.45% | 16.33% | 18.25% | 19.28% | 17.13% | 16.23% | 16.02% | 17.93% | 19.42% | 20.42% | 20.97% | 19.43% | 23.7% | 23.28% | 28.47% | 28.83% | 30.64% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 825.26M | 735.12M | 683.84M | 703.65M | 587.5M | 418.55M | 490.07M | 565.34M | 573.41M | 483.21M | 422.96M | 439.21M | 462.23M | 469.24M | 453.31M | 439.77M | 377.77M | 333.39M | 405.38M | 370.12M | 315.83M | 285.31M | 256.62M | 210.7M | 198.03M | 190.16M | 216.22M | 223.8M | 309.7M | 305.8M | 310.3M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | - | 17.38% | 17.06% | 16.79% | 15.62% | 12.94% | 18.46% | 18.82% | 18.93% | 18.41% | 18.59% | 17.32% | 16.43% | 16.45% | 15.89% | 16.32% | 18.25% | 19.28% | 16.35% | 16.23% | 16.02% | 17.82% | 19.24% | 20.25% | 19.92% | 19.43% | 20.42% | 20.6% | 26.1% | 26.38% | 27.98% |
| Research & Development | 0 | 85.55M | 81.82M | 71.23M | 63.21M | 55.97M | 51.41M | 56.84M | 54.17M | 47.9M | 44.72M | 47.18M | 43.26M | 42.13M | 37.3M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | 2.02% | 2.04% | 1.7% | 1.68% | 1.73% | 1.94% | 1.89% | 1.79% | 1.83% | 1.97% | 1.86% | 1.54% | 1.48% | 1.31% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | 1000K | 0 | 75.82M | -15.04M | 17.71M | 132.41M | 47.78M | 14.49M | 25.4M | -28.36M | 35.27M | 195.93M | 73.54M | 28.42M | 0 | 0 | -384K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.76M | 2.44M | 1.74M | 10.47M | 0 | 34.71M | 29.1M | 28.1M | 28.4M | 29.5M |
| Operating Income | 815.26M | 714.95M | 636.46M | 717.85M | 612.34M | 461.67M | 282.07M | 370.91M | 375.54M | 377.71M | 288.27M | 181.7M | 373.75M | 406.99M | 362.08M | 296.68M | 186.43M | 92.98M | 295.4M | 277.63M | 232.97M | 149.84M | 103.3M | 68.22M | 91.52M | 117.17M | 138.88M | 148M | 147.4M | 134.9M | 112.3M |
| Operating Margin % | 17.57% | 16.9% | 15.88% | 17.13% | 16.28% | 14.27% | 10.62% | 12.35% | 12.4% | 14.39% | 12.67% | 7.17% | 13.28% | 14.27% | 12.69% | 11.01% | 9.01% | 5.38% | 11.92% | 12.17% | 11.81% | 9.36% | 7.75% | 6.56% | 9.21% | 11.97% | 13.12% | 13.63% | 12.42% | 11.64% | 10.13% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 12.33% | -11.34% | 17.23% | 32.64% | 63.67% | -23.95% | -1.23% | -0.57% | 31.03% | 58.65% | -51.38% | -8.17% | 12.4% | 22.04% | 59.14% | 100.51% | -68.53% | 6.4% | 19.17% | 55.47% | 45.06% | 51.43% | -25.46% | -21.89% | -15.64% | -6.16% | 0.41% | 9.27% | 20.12% | 3.98% |
| EBITDA | 919.23M | 813.5M | 724.7M | 804.52M | 690.39M | 542.82M | 362.56M | 452.4M | 447.88M | 445.83M | 353.35M | 245.71M | 443.35M | 475.87M | 427.42M | 358.73M | 243.79M | 149.57M | 352.33M | 329.12M | 278.68M | 191.71M | 145.6M | 105.87M | 128.56M | 153.37M | 173.59M | 177.1M | 175.5M | 163.3M | 141.8M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 19.81% | 19.23% | 18.08% | 19.19% | 18.36% | 16.78% | 13.65% | 15.06% | 14.79% | 16.99% | 15.53% | 9.69% | 15.76% | 16.68% | 14.98% | 13.31% | 11.78% | 8.65% | 14.21% | 14.43% | 14.13% | 11.97% | 10.92% | 10.17% | 12.93% | 15.67% | 16.4% | 16.3% | 14.79% | 14.09% | 12.79% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 15.04% | 12.25% | -9.92% | 16.53% | 27.19% | 49.72% | -19.86% | 1.01% | 0.46% | 26.17% | 43.81% | -44.58% | -6.83% | 11.34% | 19.15% | 47.15% | 62.99% | -57.55% | 7.05% | 18.1% | 45.36% | 31.67% | 37.53% | -17.65% | -16.18% | -11.65% | -1.98% | 0.91% | 7.47% | 15.16% | 2.98% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 103.97M | 98.55M | 88.24M | 86.67M | 78.06M | 81.15M | 80.49M | 81.49M | 72.35M | 68.11M | 65.07M | 64.01M | 69.61M | 68.88M | 65.33M | 62.05M | 57.36M | 56.6M | 56.92M | 51.49M | 45.71M | 41.87M | 42.3M | 37.65M | 37.04M | 36.2M | 34.71M | 29.1M | 28.1M | 28.4M | 29.5M |
| EBIT | 813.87M | 736.58M | 712.28M | 702.81M | 630.05M | 594.08M | 329.85M | 385.4M | 400.94M | 348.58M | 318.88M | 377.63M | 447.28M | 435.4M | 377.08M | 308.04M | 193.8M | 95.26M | 311.96M | 298.59M | 236.45M | 151.61M | 103.3M | 68.22M | 91.52M | 117.17M | 138.88M | 148M | 147.4M | 134.9M | 112.3M |
| Net Interest Income | -51.1M | -54.32M | -42.79M | -44.37M | -29.5M | -22.21M | -21.97M | -23.41M | -17.57M | -19.43M | -16.99M | -19.11M | -7.34M | 456K | -203K | -3.58M | -4.31M | -5.06M | -3.31M | -3.14M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Income | 1.4M | 6.82M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.79M | 2.09M | 2.71M | 3.09M | 3.32M | 3.99M | 3.12M | 2.38M | 3.46M | 8.85M | 8.29M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 52.5M | 61.13M | 42.79M | 44.37M | 29.5M | 22.21M | 21.97M | 23.41M | 17.57M | 24.22M | 19.08M | 21.82M | 10.43M | 2.86M | 4.19M | 6.7M | 6.69M | 8.52M | 12.15M | 11.43M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Income/Expense | -61.33M | -39.5M | -42.31M | -30.98M | -19.51M | -136.67M | -18.03M | -2.42M | -6.88M | -10.71M | -10.89M | -11.91M | 2.07M | 9.46M | 7.49M | 4.65M | 678K | -6.5M | 4.41M | 9.53M | 5.2M | 4.05M | 4.47M | 1.01M | -3.58M | -1.12M | -17.2M | -33.8M | -400K | 200K | 5.6M |
| Pretax Income | 753.93M | 675.45M | 594.15M | 686.87M | 592.83M | 325M | 264.04M | 368.49M | 368.66M | 366.24M | 277.39M | 169.79M | 375.81M | 416.44M | 369.57M | 301.33M | 187.11M | 86.48M | 299.81M | 287.16M | 238.17M | 153.9M | 107.78M | 69.23M | 87.94M | 116.04M | 121.68M | 114.2M | 147M | 135.1M | 117.9M |
| Pretax Margin % | 16.25% | 15.97% | 14.82% | 16.39% | 15.76% | 10.05% | 9.94% | 12.27% | 12.17% | 13.95% | 12.19% | 6.7% | 13.36% | 14.6% | 12.95% | 11.18% | 9.04% | 5% | 12.09% | 12.59% | 12.08% | 9.61% | 8.08% | 6.65% | 8.85% | 11.85% | 11.49% | 10.51% | 12.39% | 11.66% | 10.63% |
| Income Tax | 178.66M | 154.92M | 128.04M | 141.62M | 120.6M | 48.42M | 57.9M | 75.41M | 81.67M | 118.76M | 79.02M | 42.38M | 121.93M | 124.75M | 112.35M | 84.32M | 54.9M | 37.91M | 87.52M | 84.42M | 63.16M | 31.59M | 27.18M | 14.69M | 21.06M | 32.45M | 43.59M | 40.3M | 53.3M | 49.7M | 43.6M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 23.7% | 22.94% | 21.55% | 20.62% | 20.34% | 14.9% | 21.93% | 20.46% | 22.15% | 32.43% | 28.49% | 24.96% | 32.45% | 29.96% | 30.4% | 27.98% | 29.34% | 43.83% | 29.19% | 29.4% | 26.52% | 20.53% | 25.22% | 21.21% | 23.95% | 27.97% | 35.82% | 35.29% | 36.26% | 36.79% | 36.98% |
| Net Income | 575.27M | 520.53M | 466.11M | 545.25M | 472.22M | 276.58M | 206.12M | 293.11M | 287.07M | 247.5M | 198.4M | 127.48M | 254.69M | 293.78M | 257.41M | 217.19M | 130.24M | 48.58M | 212.29M | 202.74M | 175.01M | 122.31M | 80.6M | 54.54M | 29.27M | 83.59M | 78.09M | 73.9M | 93.7M | 85.4M | 74.3M |
| Net Margin % | 12.4% | 12.3% | 11.63% | 13.01% | 12.56% | 8.55% | 7.76% | 9.76% | 9.48% | 9.43% | 8.72% | 5.03% | 9.05% | 10.3% | 9.02% | 8.06% | 6.29% | 2.81% | 8.56% | 8.89% | 8.88% | 7.64% | 6.04% | 5.24% | 2.94% | 8.54% | 7.38% | 6.8% | 7.9% | 7.37% | 6.7% |
| Net Income Growth % | 9.63% | 11.68% | -14.51% | 15.46% | 70.74% | 34.19% | -29.68% | 2.11% | 15.98% | 24.75% | 55.63% | -49.95% | -13.31% | 14.13% | 18.52% | 66.75% | 168.12% | -77.12% | 4.71% | 15.84% | 43.09% | 51.75% | 47.77% | 86.31% | -64.98% | 7.04% | 5.67% | -21.13% | 9.72% | 14.94% | 20.81% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 575.27M | 520.53M | 466.11M | 545.25M | 472.22M | 276.58M | 206.14M | 293.08M | 286.99M | 247.47M | 198.37M | 127.41M | 253.88M | 291.69M | 257.22M | 217.01M | 132.21M | 48.83M | 212.29M | 202.74M | 175.01M | 122.31M | 80.6M | 54.54M | 66.88M | 83.59M | 78.09M | 73.9M | 93.7M | 85.4M | 74.3M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -99K | -193K | 979K | 905K | 650K | 816K | 729K | 861K | 3.23M | 4.09M | 15.95M | 16.3M | 15.98M | 13.33M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | 10.48 | 9.32 | 8.15 | 9.37 | 8.04 | 4.60 | 3.42 | 4.68 | 4.37 | 3.71 | 2.91 | 1.70 | 3.18 | 3.54 | 3.06 | 2.56 | 1.53 | 0.57 | 2.47 | 2.34 | 2.04 | 1.45 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.34 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.75 |
| EPS Growth % | 11.67% | 14.36% | -13.02% | 16.54% | 74.78% | 34.5% | -26.92% | 7.09% | 17.79% | 27.49% | 71.18% | -46.54% | -10.17% | 15.69% | 19.53% | 67.32% | 168.42% | -76.92% | 5.56% | 14.71% | 40.69% | 49.48% | 46.97% | 94.12% | -65.31% | 6.52% | 13.58% | -15.63% | 10.34% | 16% | 13.64% |
| EPS (Basic) | - | 9.39 | 8.23 | 9.51 | 8.14 | 4.66 | 3.46 | 4.73 | 4.42 | 3.76 | 2.94 | 1.72 | 3.22 | 3.58 | 3.10 | 2.60 | 1.54 | 0.57 | 2.49 | 2.37 | 2.06 | 1.47 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.75 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 54.87M | 55.88M | 57.19M | 58.22M | 58.75M | 60.06M | 60.25M | 62.66M | 65.68M | 66.64M | 68.16M | 74.85M | 80.1M | 83.04M | 84.17M | 84.71M | 85.22M | 85.27M | 86.11M | 86.78M | 86M | 84.35M | 83.29M | 83.27M | 86.1M | 85.29M | 85.35M | 91.23M | 98.12M | 98.73M | 99.73M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 54.41M | 55.41M | 56.64M | 57.36M | 58.03M | 59.31M | 59.63M | 61.96M | 64.89M | 65.74M | 67.46M | 74.11M | 79.19M | 81.98M | 83.09M | 83.68M | 84.41M | 84.78M | 85.3M | 85.8M | 85.16M | 83.49M | 82.38M | 82.64M | 84.86M | 84.86M | 85.35M | 90.67M | 97.6M | 98.73M | 99.73M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | 32.32% | 34.79% | 27.15% | 27.68% | 44.06% | 57.31% | 40.23% | 35.55% | 37.35% | 44.02% | 68.22% | 28.77% | 16.77% | 28.4% | 23.91% | 36.37% | 94.29% | 20.14% | 18.62% | 18.44% | 24.56% | 34.1% | 48.93% | 86.73% | 30.41% | 30.78% | 29.91% | 20.92% | 16.51% | 16.02% |
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying LECO stock.
For fiscal year 2025, Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (LECO) reported total revenue of $4.23B. This represents a 281.4% increase compared to $1.11B in 1996.
Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (LECO) is profitable, generating $520.5M in net income for the fiscal year ending 2025 with a net profit margin of 12.3%.
Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (LECO) reported an operating income of $715.0M, resulting in an operating profit margin of 16.9%. This margin reflects the operational efficiency of the business before interest and taxes.
Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (LECO) generated $1.54B in gross profit for the year, representing a gross profit margin of 36.3%. This demonstrates the company's core pricing power and production efficiency.
Key Metrics
Top Statement Risk
Commodity-driven gross margin compression
Metrics are mathematically derived from official filings.
From Contraction to Double-Digit Growth
Revenue growth has swung from a 4.8% decline in 2024Q3 to 15.2% expansion in 2026Q3, a reversal of nearly 20 points that, according to Lincoln Electric's reported income statements, marks the strongest top-line pace in the ten-quarter history shown.
Quarterly revenue has climbed from $983.8M at the 2024 trough to roughly $1.22B, an increase of about 19.5% in eight quarters, with the acceleration concentrated in the last three prints (11.6%, 12.1%, 15.2%). Given the three consecutive quarters of contraction that preceded this run (-3.7%, -4.8%, -3.4%), the pattern looks more like a cyclical rebound in fabrication and capital spending than a proven structural step-up in growth. Investors should treat the durability of double-digit growth as unproven until it survives at least one decelerating industrial production cycle.
Gross Margin Erodes as Growth Accelerates
Gross margin slipped to 34.8% in 2026Q3 from 36.8% a year earlier, even as quarterly sales reached $1.2B, implying that recent volume gains have come with less favorable pricing or input economics per Lincoln Electric's quarterly income statement.
Gross margin has oscillated within a 34.8%-37.6% band and the latest print sits at the floor of that range, which is notable because the mix shift toward automation and consumables pull-through would ordinarily be expected to lift, not compress, the gross line. The likely interpretation is that steel, copper and aluminum input movements have outpaced surcharge realization in the quarter, a lag effect management has historically flagged as reversible, but one that may also reflect more competitive equipment pricing as volumes recover. Against ITW's 44.1% gross margin, LECO's structural position remains meaningfully lower, so any claim of superior pricing power should be tested against the durability of the 34.8% figure rather than the 2024 highs.
Overhead Discipline Offsets Gross Compression
Operating margin reached 17.3% in 2026Q3 versus 14.6% in 2024Q2, with SG&A easing to about 16.9% of sales from 19.7%, a gap that, as reported in LECO's income statements, suggests overhead is scaling well beneath the 19.5% revenue increase.
Operating income rose to $211.4M from $148.8M over the same span, a 42% gain against roughly 19.5% revenue growth, which appears to confirm genuine operating leverage rather than a purely top-line-driven earnings recovery. However, part of this may be expense timing rather than permanent efficiency: SG&A jumped to $224.9M in 2026Q2 then fell back to $205.8M in Q3, a swing consistent with the variable incentive accrual pattern rather than a fixed-cost restructuring. Investors should monitor whether SG&A intensity holds near 17% of sales if volume growth decelerates, since the leverage case weakens considerably if that line reverts toward its 19% historical norm.
Below-Line Drag Clouds EPS Quality
Diluted EPS grew 19.0% in 2026Q3 on 17.7% net income growth, a gap that, based on Lincoln Electric's reported figures, suggests buybacks rather than operating gains are contributing at the margin, while swings in stock-based compensation warrant scrutiny.
The spread between operating margin (17.3%) and net margin (11.8%) has widened to roughly 5.5 points from about 3.6 points in 2024Q4, implying that tax and non-operating items are now absorbing a larger share of operating profit, though the supplied data does not isolate the drivers. Stock-based compensation is reported at $9.6M in 2026Q1 but $0 in both 2026Q2 and 2026Q3, which is treated here as data unavailable rather than an actual elimination of equity awards, and it warrants reconciliation before EPS quality is judged. Net margin also fell from 13.0% in 2026Q2 to 11.8% in Q3 despite higher operating income, an outcome that suggests the earnings bridge is increasingly sensitive below the operating line.
Volume Growth May Be Margin Bought
The strongest challenge is that gross margin has fallen to a series-low 34.8% while revenue growth accelerated to 15.2%, a combination that, per LECO's reported filings, suggests volume is being bought with price or mix concessions that may prove unsustainable if steel and copper costs rise.
A short seller would also note that Q3 operating income of $211.4M actually declined sequentially from $224.1M in Q2 even as revenue held near $1.2B, indicating the reported operating leverage may already be peaking rather than compounding. The 17.3% operating margin also remains roughly nine points below ITW's 26.3%, so the premium multiple implied by the peer set rests on continued SG&A discipline that is partly a function of the variable bonus structure, which mechanically compresses when profits soften. Combined with LIFO reserve effects that can flatter or mask underlying margin during commodity swings, investors should treat the current margin trajectory as cyclical recovery rather than evidence of structural expansion.