Cash flow conversion is highly erratic, evidenced by an OCF/NI ratio that plummeted to 0.43 in 2025Q3, reflecting significant volatility in working capital management.
| Metric | TTM | Jan'26 | Jan'25 | Jan'24 | Jan'23 | Jan'22 | Jan'21 | Jan'20 | Jan'19 | Jan'18 | Jan'17 | Jan'16 | Jan'15 | Jan'14 | Jan'13 | Jan'12 | Jan'11 | Jan'10 | Jan'09 | Jan'08 | Jan'07 | Jan'06 | Jan'05 | Jan'04 | Jan'03 | Jan'02 | Jan'01 | Jan'00 | Jan'99 | Jan'98 | Jan'97 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 9.84B | 9.86B | 9.63B | 8.14B | 8.59B | 10.11B | 11.05B | 4.3B | 6.19B | 5.07B | 5.62B | 4.78B | 4.93B | 4.11B | 3.76B | 4.35B | 3.85B | 4.05B | 4.12B | 4.35B | 4.5B | 3.84B | 3.07B | 3.05B | 2.7B | 1.61B | 1.13B | 1.17B | 696.8M | 690.97M | 543M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 11.43% | 11.5% | 9.42% | 8.85% | 10.51% | 12.33% | 5.95% | 8.68% | 7.38% | 8.64% | 8.1% | 8.77% | 7.7% | 7.45% | 8.66% | 7.89% | 8.59% | 8.55% | 9% | 9.59% | 8.88% | 8.43% | 9.9% | 10.18% | 7.3% | 6.02% | 7.36% | 5.69% | 6.82% | 6.31% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 58.23% | 2.48% | 18.24% | -5.23% | -15.07% | -8.47% | 157.19% | -30.63% | 22.27% | -9.83% | 17.41% | -2.94% | 19.9% | 9.28% | -13.5% | 12.9% | -4.98% | -1.65% | -5.18% | -3.44% | 17.18% | 25.02% | 0.62% | 13.28% | 67.14% | 42.78% | -3.52% | 68.04% | 0.84% | 27.25% | 79.03% |
| Net Income | 6.64B | 6.65B | 6.96B | 7.73B | 6.44B | 8.44B | 5.83B | 4.28B | 2.31B | 3.45B | 3.09B | 2.55B | 2.7B | 2.29B | 1.96B | 1.84B | 2.01B | 1.78B | 2.19B | 2.81B | 3.1B | 2.77B | 2.18B | 1.88B | 1.47B | 1.02B | 809.87M | 672.79M | 500.37M | 357.5M | 292.2M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 2.33B | 2.19B | 1.97B | 1.92B | 1.98B | 1.88B | 1.59B | 1.41B | 1.61B | 1.54B | 1.59B | 1.59B | 1.59B | 1.56B | 1.62B | 1.58B | 1.68B | 1.73B | 1.67B | 1.46B | 1.24B | 1.05B | 920M | 781M | 645M | 534.1M | 409.51M | 337.82M | 289.05M | 241.1M | 199.8M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 254M | 247M | 221M | 210M | 224M | 230M | 155M | 98M | 74M | 99M | 90M | 117M | 119M | 100M | 100M | 107M | 115M | 102M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 333M | 256M | 9M | 6M | -239M | 135M | -108M | 177M | -151M | 53M | 28M | -68M | -171M | -162M | -140M | 54M | -133M | -123M | 69M | 2M | -6M | -33M | 109M | 178M | 208M | 41.66M | 23.28M | 13.44M | 14.3M | 7.6M | 17M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 1.53B | 625M | 348M | 503M | 3.07B | 551M | 1.68B | 597M | 1.59B | 422M | 445M | 624M | 82M | 116M | 131M | 456M | 103M | 193M | 100M | 150M | 85M | 166M | 158M | 82M | 21M | 74.03M | 30.2M | 51.52M | 17.94M | 58K | 9.9M |
| Working Capital Changes | -1.26B | -112M | 118M | -2.23B | -2.88B | -1.13B | 1.9B | -2.27B | 758M | -496M | 371M | -22M | 615M | 209M | 89M | 314M | 73M | 366M | -4M | -78M | 81M | -113M | -296M | 117M | 325M | -60M | -143.16M | 95.31M | -80.03M | 44.4M | 24.1M |
| Change in Receivables | -63M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.14B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 484M | 703M | -514M | 1.64B | -2.59B | -1.41B | -2.97B | -600M | -1.29B | -791M | -178M | -582M | 170M | -396M | -244M | -33M | -64M | -28M | -611M | -464M | -509M | -795M | -1.39B | -648M | -357M | -325.41M | -473.01M | -427.66M | -390.3M | -108.7M | -338.8M |
| Change in Payables | 340M | 73M | 633M | -1.82B | -549M | 466M | 3.21B | -637M | 1.72B | -92M | 653M | 524M | 127M | 291M | 303M | -5M | 60M | 175M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -12.23B | -12.26B | -1.74B | -1.9B | -1.31B | -1.65B | -1.89B | -1.37B | -1.08B | -1.44B | -3.36B | -1.34B | -1.09B | -1.29B | -903M | -1.44B | -2.18B | -1.89B | -3.23B | -4.12B | -3.71B | -3.67B | -2.36B | -2.5B | -2.58B | -2.2B | -2.25B | -1.5B | -1.06B | -758.47M | -578.4M |
| Capital Expenditures | -2.22B | -2.21B | -1.93B | -1.96B | -1.83B | -1.85B | -1.79B | -1.48B | -1.17B | -1.12B | -1.17B | -1.2B | -880M | -940M | -1.21B | -1.83B | -1.33B | -1.8B | -3.27B | -4.01B | -3.93B | -3.41B | -2.94B | -2.35B | -2.36B | -2.2B | -2.33B | -1.47B | -1.08B | -826.25M | -677.2M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 2.51% | 2.56% | 2.3% | 2.27% | 1.88% | 1.93% | 2% | 2.06% | 1.65% | 1.64% | 1.79% | 2.03% | 1.57% | 1.76% | 2.4% | 3.64% | 2.72% | 3.81% | 6.77% | 8.31% | 8.38% | 7.88% | 8.06% | 7.6% | 8.92% | 9.95% | 12.42% | 9.26% | 8.8% | 8.15% | 7.87% |
| Acquisitions | -10.09B | -10.09B | 177M | 100M | 491M | 113M | 90M | 163M | 76M | -509M | -2.36B | -125M | -241M | -128M | -219M | -332M | 25M | 18M | 29M | 57M | 72M | 61M | 86M | 45M | 0 | 41.56M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 109M | 72M | 94M | 26M | 44M | -134M | -25M | 0 | -2M | 58M | 24M | 29M | 48M | 5M | 134M | 37M | -97M | -62M | 0 | -7M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -95M | 112M | -10.33M | 19.72M | 21.31M | -695K | 10.67M | -12.2M |
| Cash from Financing | 129M | 1.62B | -7.05B | -6.67B | -7.05B | -12.02B | -5.19B | -2.73B | -5.12B | -3.61B | -2.09B | -3.49B | -3.76B | -2.97B | -3.33B | -2.55B | -1.65B | -1.8B | -939M | -307M | -846M | -275M | -1.05B | -17M | -64M | 929.47M | 1.08B | 593.39M | 287.53M | 221.8M | 11.9M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 3.17B | 4.39B | -545M | 1.88B | 9.3B | 2.85B | 1.37B | 3.08B | -741M | 744M | 2.56B | 1.21B | 805M | 1.32B | 1.39B | 956M | 1.43B | -1.03B | -615M | 2.24B | 979M | 380M | -82M | -79M | -113M | 873M | 1.11B | 261.68M | 323.81M | 291.74M | 46.6M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -313M | -62M | -4.05B | -6.14B | -14.12B | -13.01B | -4.97B | -4.31B | -3.04B | -3.19B | -3.6B | -3.92B | -3.9B | -3.71B | -4.04B | -2.94B | -2.62B | -376M | 166M | -2.13B | -1.56B | -484M | -849M | 148M | 115M | 116M | 27.02M | 379.27M | 14.47M | 1.99M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -2.67B | -2.64B | -2.57B | -2.53B | -2.37B | -1.98B | -1.7B | -1.62B | -1.46B | -1.29B | -1.12B | -957M | -822M | -733M | -704M | -647M | -571M | -391M | -491M | -428M | -276M | -171M | -116M | -86M | -66M | -60M | -53.48M | -47.56M | -50.76M | -28.65M | -34.7M |
| Share Repurchases | -462M | -211M | -4.05B | -6.14B | -14.12B | -13.01B | -4.97B | -4.31B | -3.04B | -3.19B | -3.6B | -3.92B | -3.9B | -3.71B | -4.39B | -2.94B | -2.62B | -504M | -8M | -2.27B | -1.74B | -774M | -1B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -60M | -68M | 117M | 120M | 146M | 126M | 114M | 117M | 109M | 129M | 64M | 180M | 161M | 150M | 22M | 79M | 105M | 0 | 1M | 6M | 12M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 466K | 0 | 0 | 0 | -43.28M | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -2.27B | -779M | 840M | -427M | 215M | -3.56B | 3.97B | 205M | -77M | 30M | 153M | -61M | 75M | -150M | -473M | 362M | 20M | 387M | -36M | -83M | -59M | -107M | -336M | 540M | 129M | 343.18M | -35.46M | 262.25M | -29.83M | 154.8M | -23.5M |
| Free Cash Flow | 7.62B | 7.65B | 7.7B | 6.18B | 6.76B | 8.26B | 9.26B | 2.81B | 5.02B | 3.94B | 4.45B | 3.59B | 4.05B | 3.17B | 2.55B | 2.52B | 2.52B | 2.25B | 856M | 337M | 586M | 463M | 134M | 709M | 334M | -586.06M | -1.2B | -301.46M | -336.46M | -135.27M | -134.2M |
| FCF Margin % | 8.62% | 8.87% | 9.2% | 7.15% | 6.96% | 8.58% | 10.33% | 3.9% | 7.04% | 5.74% | 6.84% | 6.07% | 7.2% | 5.94% | 5.05% | 5.02% | 5.17% | 4.78% | 1.77% | 0.7% | 1.25% | 1.07% | 0.37% | 2.3% | 1.26% | -2.65% | -6.4% | -1.9% | -2.75% | -1.33% | -1.56% |
| FCF Growth % | 14.07% | -0.61% | 24.64% | -8.64% | -18.16% | -10.78% | 229.23% | -43.97% | 27.32% | -11.42% | 24.06% | -11.41% | 27.69% | 24.3% | 1.23% | -0.12% | 11.88% | 163.43% | 154.01% | -42.49% | 26.57% | 245.52% | -81.1% | 112.28% | 156.99% | 51.25% | -298.8% | 10.4% | -148.73% | -0.8% | 38.19% |
| FCF per Share | 13.61 | 13.66 | 13.57 | 10.58 | 10.71 | 11.82 | 12.34 | 3.61 | 6.18 | 4.69 | 5.05 | 3.86 | 4.09 | 2.99 | 2.21 | 1.98 | 1.80 | 1.54 | 0.58 | 0.22 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.21 | -0.37 | -0.77 | -0.20 | -0.22 | -0.09 | -0.10 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.15x | 1.48x | 1.38x | 1.05x | 1.33x | 1.20x | 1.89x | 1.00x | 2.68x | 1.47x | 1.82x | 1.88x | 1.83x | 1.80x | 1.92x | 2.36x | 1.92x | 2.27x | 1.88x | 1.55x | 1.45x | 1.39x | 1.41x | 1.66x | 1.81x | 1.58x | 1.39x | 1.74x | 1.39x | 1.80x | 1.86x |
| Interest Paid | 56M | 0 | 1.48B | 1.46B | 976M | 837M | 824M | 671M | 635M | 654M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 612M | 0 | 1.65B | 3.7B | 1.72B | 2.73B | 1.59B | 1.42B | 1.32B | 1.67B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Housing market turnover sensitivity
According to quarterly financial data, Lowe's OCF/NI ratio has fluctuated wildly from a low of 0.43 in 2025Q3 to a high of 2.43 in 2024Q1, indicating that reported net income is frequently decoupled from actual cash generation due to significant working capital volatility.
The wide variance in the OCF/NI ratio suggests that accounting earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash items and timing differences in inventory management. Investors should monitor whether this divergence reflects structural inefficiencies in cash collection or merely the seasonal nature of the home improvement business.
As reported in recent filings, Lowe's FCF margins have demonstrated extreme instability, ranging from a meager 0.4% in 2025Q3 to a robust 18.2% in 2024Q1, highlighting the company's difficulty in maintaining consistent cash flow conversion across different fiscal quarters.
This volatility appears to be driven by the interplay between seasonal inventory builds and the timing of large-scale capital expenditures. The inability to sustain high FCF margins suggests that the company's cash generation remains highly sensitive to the cyclicality of consumer spending and housing market activity.
Based on the provided cash flow statements, working capital changes have swung from a $2.1 billion outflow in 2025Q3 to a $1.7 billion inflow in 2024Q1, illustrating the significant impact of inventory and payables management on the company's quarterly liquidity profile.
The dramatic shifts in working capital suggest that Lowe's is utilizing its supply chain as a primary lever to manage cash flow, which may mask underlying operational trends. Such fluctuations warrant further investigation into whether these movements are strategic inventory adjustments or signs of supply chain friction.
As indicated by historical financial statements, Lowe's has maintained aggressive capital returns, with buybacks reaching $1.4 billion in 2024Q4, even during periods where free cash flow was significantly lower, suggesting a management preference for financial engineering over organic reinvestment.
The consistency of dividend payments alongside variable share repurchases implies a commitment to returning capital to shareholders regardless of short-term cash flow performance. However, the reliance on buybacks during lower FCF periods may indicate that management is prioritizing valuation support over maintaining a liquidity buffer.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying LOW stock.
Lowe's Companies, Inc. (LOW) generated $9.86B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Lowe's Companies, Inc. (LOW) generated $7.65B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Lowe's Companies, Inc. (LOW) spent $2.21B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Lowe's Companies, Inc. (LOW) returned $2.64B to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $211.0M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.