Free cash flow remains highly unpredictable, swinging from a negative 119.7% margin in 2025Q4 to a positive 59.5% in 2026Q1, complicating the sustainability of consistent shareholder distributions.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 1.42B | 1.51B | 1.41B | 1.18B | 928.42M | 396.47M | 331.69M | 339.75M | 244.26M | 72.97M | 101.89M | 247.02M | 274.26M | 222.77M | 198.53M | 85.15M | 73.31M | 9.81M | 2.51M | -491.51K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 71.85% | 65.1% | 62.05% | 46.75% | 40.66% | 102.35% | 56.51% | 49.45% | 32.58% | 63.79% | 121.88% | 63.54% | 60.33% | 66.89% | 53.31% | 123.05% | 69% | 70.74% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Operating CF Growth % | 3.17% | 6.86% | 19.04% | 27.46% | 134.17% | 19.53% | -2.37% | 39.09% | 234.76% | -28.39% | -58.75% | -9.93% | 23.11% | 12.21% | 133.15% | 16.15% | 647.05% | 291.5% | 609.96% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net Income | -623.07M | 38.76M | 0 | 922.97M | 773.24M | 6.36M | -906.04M | -76.32M | 143.69M | -9.19M | -293.49M | -975.35M | 163.75M | 53.07M | 72.28M | 40.61M | 6.92M | 2.8M | 2.36M | -4.31M | -7.76K | 12.73K | -30.08K | -2.87K | -3.01K | -2.7K | -4.88K |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 1.13B | 814.86M | 740.9M | 486.02M | 251.27M | 140.83M | 162.12M | 210.2M | 119.78M | 59.5M | 61.24M | 137.77M | 172.88M | 124.38M | 409.89K | 298.14K | 17.06M | 4.34M | 835.54K | 3.45K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 15.5M | 15.36M | 11.97M | 5.66M | 5.66M | 3.62M | 4.12M | 7.96M | 4M | 3.29M | 3.46M | 5.23M | 2.76M | 4.8M | 12.38M | 6.16M | 3.57M | 1.21M | 0 | 388.5K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | -158.79M | 23.57M | 159.55M | 76.86M | -571K | 233K | 210K | 210K | 365K | -785K | 313.39M | -202.35M | 96.11M | 31.76M | 42.98M | 26.83M | 4.42M | 1.47M | -873K | -388.5K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 1B | 542.67M | 550.13M | -202.06M | -38.78M | 331.24M | 1.04B | 198.09M | 2.17M | 27M | 5.79M | 1.26B | -170M | 23.38M | 84.84M | 38M | 15.06M | 812.27K | 152.83K | 3.61M | 0 | -25K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Working Capital Changes | 57.77M | 70.06M | -53.89M | -106.14M | -62.4M | -85.81M | 34.14M | -391K | -25.73M | -6.84M | 11.5M | 23.96M | 8.76M | -14.62M | -14.37M | -26.75M | 26.28M | -820.38K | 31.37K | 199.69K | 7.76K | 12.27K | 30.08K | 2.87K | 3.01K | 2.7K | 4.88K |
| Change in Receivables | 10.94M | 59.73M | -52.17M | -101.32M | -74.9M | -122.16M | 37.64M | -11.54M | -49.12M | -9.72M | 15.6M | 27.7M | 885.26K | -16.6M | -18.8M | -29.39M | -15.01M | -5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.09M | -353.32K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 70.88M | 14.88M | -4.41M | -15.24M | -338K | 14.09M | -1.09M | -16.93M | -2.28M | 2.61M | -365.1K | -4.55M | 4.09M | 2.01M | -63.02K | 2.49M | 42.08M | 4.48M | 0 | 113.25K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -1.62B | -1.25B | -1.67B | -1.86B | -1.4B | -634.43M | -283.93M | -569.13M | -474.52M | -119.24M | -90.96M | -288.94M | -477.04M | -358.54M | -532.17M | -300.87M | -207.89M | -71.85M | -40.36M | -5.08M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Capital Expenditures | -352.37M | -1.25B | -1.69B | -1.85B | -1.36B | -593.78M | -283.93M | -230.34M | -474.59M | -119.41M | -93.15M | -289.15M | -477.04M | -360.45M | -532.21M | -341.81M | -194.21M | -48.54M | -46.78M | -5.08M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 17.12% | 59.78% | 78.19% | 96.76% | 68.47% | 60.9% | 87.61% | 38.31% | 96.09% | 53.31% | 58.32% | 142.66% | 110.52% | 97.62% | 179.31% | 214% | 326% | 341.34% | 1320.36% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Acquisitions | 0 | 0 | 17.09M | -17.09M | -43M | -40.65M | 0 | 0 | 67.69K | 171.45K | 2.19M | 210.52K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.03M | 12.07M | 48.54M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -1.27B | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1K | 0 | 1K | -338.79M | 67.69K | 171.45K | 2.19M | 210.52K | -477.04B | 1.91M | 39K | -4.3M | -11.77M | -48.54M | 5.45M | -5.08M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | 204.57M | -247.46M | 266.83M | 684.69M | 467.37M | 246.06M | -62.4M | 243.09M | 130.43M | 141.97M | -7.83M | 35.97M | 206.43M | 128.06M | 340.75M | 69.89M | 280.46M | 67.49M | 28.52M | 14.83M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 45.94M | -14.12M | 529M | 316.4M | 722.06M | -139.42M | -61.51M | 212.53M | 40.05M | 156M | -6M | 42M | 223M | 161.5M | 354.1M | 69.9M | -1.73M | -316.23K | 1.65M | -165K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -42.01M | -57.01M | -94.5M | 506.75M | -135.74M | 438.08M | 0 | 55.76M | -22.88M | 0 | -1.4M | -339.58K | -16.13M | -26.37M | -1.55M | -1.08M | 282.19M | 68.99M | 25.9M | 15M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -176.15M | -173.4M | -161.97M | -123.94M | -73.27M | -34.15M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -42.01M | -57.01M | -94.5M | -8M | -54.5M | 0 | 0 | -15.11M | -22.2M | -668.39K | -1.4M | -339.58K | -16.13M | -26.37M | -1.55M | -1.08M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | 376.79M | -2.93M | -5.71M | -14.51M | -45.69M | -18.45M | -885K | -25.2M | 113.26M | -14.03M | -428.51K | -5.69M | -434.94K | -7.07M | -11.8M | 1.07M | 0 | -1.19M | 963.95K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 3.46M | 5.37M | 738K | 5.67M | -6.99M | 8.09M | -14.64M | 13.71M | -99.83M | 95.7M | 3.1M | -5.95M | 3.65M | -7.7M | 7.11M | -145.83M | 145.88M | 5.45M | -9.33M | 9.26M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Free Cash Flow | -114.73M | 252.83M | -283.19M | -661.93M | -431.36M | -197.32M | 47.76M | -229.38M | -230.32M | -46.44M | 8.74M | -42.13M | -202.78M | -137.67M | -333.68M | -256.67M | -120.9M | -38.73M | -44.27M | -5.57M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FCF Margin % | -5.57% | 12.07% | -13.09% | -34.71% | -21.72% | -20.24% | 14.74% | -38.15% | -46.63% | -20.74% | 5.47% | -20.79% | -46.98% | -37.29% | -112.42% | -160.69% | -202.95% | -272.34% | -1249.62% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FCF Growth % | 21.91% | 189.28% | 57.22% | -53.45% | -118.61% | -513.16% | 120.82% | 0.41% | -395.92% | -631.34% | 120.75% | 79.22% | -47.29% | 58.74% | -30.01% | -112.29% | -212.18% | 12.52% | -694.83% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FCF per Share | -1.16 | 2.55 | -2.80 | -7.19 | -4.98 | -3.13 | 1.12 | -5.93 | -9.73 | -7.44 | 1.43 | -6.95 | -33.32 | -21.94 | -53.08 | -41.26 | -23.81 | -10.50 | -13.56 | -2.35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.18x | 38.84x | 2.71x | 1.28x | 1.20x | 62.33x | -0.37x | -4.45x | 1.70x | -7.94x | -0.35x | -0.25x | 1.67x | 4.20x | 2.75x | 2.10x | 10.60x | 3.51x | 1.03x | 0.11x | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Paid | 82.58M | 0 | 152.06M | 128.94M | 74.93M | 46.95M | 55.11M | 78.6M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55.21M | 0 | 35.76M | 15.58M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 332K | 3.83M | 3.67M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.26M | 0 | 13.61K | 8.77K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Commodity price volatility exposure
As reported in financial statements, NOG's operating cash flow to net income ratio has fluctuated wildly, reaching a negative 0.62 in 2026Q1, which highlights the significant disconnect between accounting earnings and actual cash generation caused by non-cash derivative adjustments and asset impairment charges.
The persistent divergence between net income and operating cash flow suggests that headline earnings are an unreliable proxy for the company's true economic performance. Investors should monitor this gap closely, as the reliance on non-cash adjustments often masks the underlying cash-generating capacity of the non-operated asset portfolio.
Based on recent quarterly data, NOG's free cash flow margin has swung from a negative 119.7% in 2025Q4 to a positive 59.5% in 2026Q1, illustrating the extreme sensitivity of the company's cash trajectory to the timing of capital expenditures and commodity price cycles.
The erratic nature of free cash flow generation complicates the company's ability to maintain consistent dividend payouts. This volatility appears to be a structural byproduct of the non-operator model, where capital outflows are dictated by partner drilling schedules rather than internal corporate planning.
According to recent SEC filings, NOG's capital expenditure to revenue ratio has demonstrated extreme variance, peaking at 117.3% in 2024Q3, which underscores the unpredictable nature of funding participation in third-party drilling projects across multiple basins.
The lack of control over the timing and scale of capital calls from operators creates significant lumpiness in cash outflows. This capital intensity warrants further investigation, as the company's inability to smooth these expenditures may continue to pressure liquidity during periods of commodity price weakness.
As indicated by the provided financial data, working capital changes have been highly inconsistent, ranging from a positive $86.6M in 2025Q3 to a negative $68.6M in 2024Q4, reflecting the inherent friction in settling accounts with various operating partners across different geographic regions.
These fluctuations suggest that the company's cash position is frequently impacted by the timing of revenue collection and the settlement of drilling costs. Investors should monitor whether these working capital swings become more pronounced as the company expands its footprint into new, less familiar basins.
Based on reported figures, NOG has consistently returned capital through dividends despite significant cash flow volatility, with quarterly dividend payments remaining relatively stable near $40M to $44M even during periods of negative free cash flow, which may indicate a reliance on debt or cash reserves.
The commitment to dividends appears to be a strategic priority, yet the sustainability of this policy is questionable given the erratic cash flow profile. The company's reliance on external financing to bridge the gap between operational cash needs and shareholder distributions warrants further investigation.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying NOG stock.
Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (NOG) generated $1.51B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (NOG) generated $252.8M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (NOG) spent $1.25B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (NOG) returned $173.4M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $57.0M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.