Revenue growth accelerated to 22.3% in 2026Q3 with gross margin expanding to 78.3% from 73.9% in 2024Q2, though the 123% rise in SG&A over ten quarters suggests emerging expense pressure from the hardware pivot.
Rambus Inc. (RMBS) annual income statement — 30-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Sep'02 | Sep'01 | Sep'00 | Sep'99 | Sep'98 | Sep'97 | Sep'96 |
|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 796.11M | 707.63M | 556.62M | 461.12M | 454.79M | 328.3M | 246.32M | 224.03M | 231.2M | 393.1M | 336.6M | 296.28M | 296.56M | 271.5M | 234.05M | 312.36M | 323.39M | 113.01M | 142.49M | 179.94M | 195.32M | 157.2M | 144.87M | 118.2M | 96.56M | 117.16M | 72.31M | 43.4M | 37.9M | 26M | 11.3M |
| Revenue Growth % | 17.34% | 27.13% | 20.71% | 1.39% | 38.53% | 33.28% | 9.95% | -3.1% | -41.18% | 16.79% | 13.61% | -0.09% | 9.23% | 16% | -25.07% | -3.41% | 186.17% | -20.69% | -20.81% | -7.88% | 24.25% | 8.51% | 22.56% | 22.41% | -17.58% | 62.02% | 66.62% | 14.51% | 45.77% | 130.09% | 52.7% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 166.09M | 170.07M | 136.71M | 142.34M | 140.77M | 98.43M | 91.58M | 77.64M | 59.34M | 86.01M | 74.53M | 47.82M | 45.66M | 51.67M | 71.91M | 56.17M | 22.1M | 20.52M | 21.3M | 27.12M | 30.39M | 23.73M | 20.25M | 15.95M | 7.61M | 9.86M | 8.05M | 9.1M | 6.2M | 3.4M | 3.6M |
| COGS % of Revenue | - | 24.03% | 24.56% | 30.87% | 30.95% | 29.98% | 37.18% | 34.66% | 25.67% | 21.88% | 22.14% | 16.14% | 15.4% | 19.03% | 30.72% | 17.98% | 6.84% | 18.16% | 14.95% | 15.07% | 15.56% | 15.1% | 13.97% | 13.49% | 7.88% | 8.42% | 11.13% | 20.97% | 16.36% | 13.08% | 31.86% |
| Gross Profit | 630.02M | 537.56M | 419.91M | 318.78M | 314.02M | 229.87M | 154.74M | 146.39M | 171.86M | 307.09M | 262.07M | 248.46M | 250.89M | 219.83M | 162.14M | 256.19M | 301.29M | 92.49M | 121.19M | 152.82M | 164.93M | 133.47M | 124.63M | 102.25M | 88.96M | 107.3M | 64.26M | 34.3M | 31.7M | 22.6M | 7.7M |
| Gross Margin % | 79.14% | 75.97% | 75.44% | 69.13% | 69.05% | 70.02% | 62.82% | 65.34% | 74.33% | 78.12% | 77.86% | 83.86% | 84.6% | 80.97% | 69.28% | 82.02% | 93.16% | 81.84% | 85.05% | 84.93% | 84.44% | 84.9% | 86.03% | 86.51% | 92.12% | 91.58% | 88.87% | 79.03% | 83.64% | 86.92% | 68.14% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | 28.02% | 31.73% | 1.51% | 36.61% | 48.55% | 5.71% | -14.82% | -44.04% | 17.18% | 5.48% | -0.97% | 14.13% | 35.57% | -36.71% | -14.97% | 225.76% | -23.69% | -20.69% | -7.35% | 23.58% | 7.09% | 21.88% | 14.94% | -17.09% | 66.97% | 87.36% | 8.2% | 40.27% | 193.51% | 250% |
| Operating Expenses | 341.05M | 277.34M | 240.88M | 227.28M | 233.97M | 199.93M | 196.5M | 230.87M | 256.61M | 250.11M | 214.45M | 179.19M | 180.28M | 178.57M | 196.36M | 182.84M | 174.31M | 126.31M | 144.6M | 183.43M | 148.07M | 91.33M | 62.01M | 74.96M | 57.54M | 66.58M | 36.69M | 24.7M | 23.7M | 20.7M | 12.2M |
| OpEx % of Revenue | - | 39.19% | 43.27% | 49.29% | 51.45% | 60.9% | 79.78% | 103.05% | 110.99% | 63.63% | 63.71% | 60.48% | 60.79% | 65.77% | 83.9% | 58.54% | 53.9% | 111.77% | 101.48% | 101.94% | 75.81% | 58.1% | 42.8% | 63.42% | 59.58% | 56.83% | 50.73% | 56.91% | 62.53% | 79.62% | 107.96% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 137.58M | 89.64M | 77.99M | 70.45M | 75.2M | 64.25M | 56.67M | 74.05M | 98.27M | 100.98M | 84.61M | 68.08M | 70.25M | 60.59M | 55.86M | 67.15M | 81.61M | 59.05M | 68.38M | 81.1M | 65.66M | 42.22M | 29.38M | 44.58M | 35.23M | 48.38M | 21.14M | 13.5M | 11.3M | 8.8M | 5.8M |
| SG&A % of Revenue | - | 12.67% | 14.01% | 15.28% | 16.54% | 19.57% | 23.01% | 33.05% | 42.5% | 25.69% | 25.14% | 22.98% | 23.69% | 22.32% | 23.87% | 21.5% | 25.24% | 52.26% | 47.99% | 45.07% | 33.62% | 26.86% | 20.28% | 37.72% | 36.49% | 41.29% | 29.23% | 31.11% | 29.82% | 33.85% | 51.33% |
| Research & Development | 199.93M | 187.71M | 162.88M | 156.83M | 158.77M | 135.68M | 139.84M | 156.81M | 158.34M | 149.13M | 129.84M | 111.11M | 110.03M | 117.98M | 140.5M | 115.7M | 92.71M | 67.25M | 76.22M | 82.88M | 68.98M | 49.12M | 32.63M | 30.38M | 22.31M | 18.2M | 11.5M | 8.1M | 9.6M | 9.8M | 5.2M |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | 26.53% | 29.26% | 34.01% | 34.91% | 41.33% | 56.77% | 70% | 68.49% | 37.94% | 38.58% | 37.5% | 37.1% | 43.46% | 60.03% | 37.04% | 28.67% | 59.51% | 53.49% | 46.06% | 35.31% | 31.24% | 22.52% | 25.7% | 23.1% | 15.54% | 15.9% | 18.66% | 25.33% | 37.69% | 46.02% |
| Other Operating Expenses | 1.22M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.46M | 13.44M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.04M | 3.1M | 2.8M | 2.1M | 1.2M |
| Operating Income | 288.97M | 260.22M | 179.04M | 91.5M | 80.05M | 29.95M | -41.77M | -84.48M | -84.75M | 56.97M | 47.62M | 69.27M | 70.62M | 41.26M | -34.22M | 73.35M | 126.97M | -33.82M | -23.41M | -30.61M | 16.86M | 42.13M | 62.62M | 27.29M | 31.42M | 40.72M | 27.58M | 9.6M | 8M | 1.9M | -4.5M |
| Operating Margin % | 36.3% | 36.77% | 32.16% | 19.84% | 17.6% | 9.12% | -16.96% | -37.71% | -36.66% | 14.49% | 14.15% | 23.38% | 23.81% | 15.2% | -14.62% | 23.48% | 39.26% | -29.93% | -16.43% | -17.01% | 8.63% | 26.8% | 43.22% | 23.09% | 32.54% | 34.75% | 38.14% | 22.12% | 21.11% | 7.31% | -39.82% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 45.34% | 95.66% | 14.3% | 167.3% | 171.71% | 50.56% | 0.32% | -248.75% | 19.65% | -31.26% | -1.91% | 71.16% | 220.57% | -146.65% | -42.23% | 475.43% | -44.48% | 23.54% | -281.61% | -59.99% | -32.72% | 129.45% | -13.15% | -22.82% | 47.64% | 187.26% | 20% | 321.05% | 142.22% | 25% |
| EBITDA | 319.99M | 291.03M | 216.85M | 143.94M | 127.18M | 74.23M | 6.42M | -43.91M | -44.66M | 112.21M | 97.72M | 106.72M | 110.86M | 85.62M | 37.02M | 105.44M | 142.14M | -20.18M | -7.74M | -14.13M | 36.52M | 56.64M | 70.76M | 32.93M | 36.55M | 46.07M | 31.62M | 12.7M | 10.8M | 4M | -3.3M |
| EBITDA Margin % | 40.19% | 41.13% | 38.96% | 31.22% | 27.96% | 22.61% | 2.61% | -19.6% | -19.32% | 28.55% | 29.03% | 36.02% | 37.38% | 31.53% | 15.82% | 33.75% | 43.95% | -17.85% | -5.43% | -7.85% | 18.69% | 36.03% | 48.85% | 27.86% | 37.85% | 39.32% | 43.73% | 29.26% | 28.5% | 15.38% | -29.2% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 12.87% | 34.21% | 50.65% | 13.18% | 71.34% | 1055.99% | 114.62% | 1.68% | -139.8% | 14.83% | -8.43% | -3.73% | 29.48% | 131.29% | -64.89% | -25.82% | 804.53% | -160.56% | 45.19% | -138.69% | -35.53% | -19.96% | 114.87% | -9.9% | -20.66% | 45.68% | 148.99% | 17.59% | 170% | 221.21% | 25% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 23.96M | 30.81M | 37.81M | 52.44M | 47.13M | 44.28M | 48.19M | 40.56M | 40.09M | 55.24M | 50.1M | 37.45M | 40.24M | 44.36M | 71.23M | 32.09M | 15.17M | 13.64M | 15.66M | 16.49M | 19.66M | 14.51M | 8.15M | 5.64M | 5.13M | 5.35M | 4.04M | 3.1M | 2.8M | 2.1M | 1.2M |
| EBIT | 317.04M | 283.33M | 201.46M | 188.65M | -5.95M | 33.99M | -26.2M | -77.16M | -54.35M | 54.71M | 35.38M | 72.64M | 75.07M | 20.87M | -90.38M | -4.55M | 227.74M | -71.78M | -71.67M | -48.36M | -22.5M | 39.86M | 47.88M | 27.29M | 31.42M | 40.72M | 27.58M | 9.6M | 8M | 1.9M | -4.5M |
| Net Interest Income | 26.89M | 18.8M | 17.03M | 9.84M | 5.9M | -995K | 7.51M | 17.59M | 16.34M | -12.34M | -11.01M | -11.19M | -24.82M | -32.88M | -27.45M | -24.27M | -18.84M | -16.86M | 3.39M | 10.75M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Income | 28.07M | 20.17M | 18.45M | 11.33M | 7.77M | 9.71M | 17.86M | 27.38M | 32.62M | 1.38M | 1.74M | 1.22M | 0 | 0 | 59K | 563K | 861K | 4.08M | 17.04M | 21.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 1.18M | 1.37M | 1.42M | 1.49M | 1.87M | 10.71M | 10.34M | 9.85M | 16.28M | 13.72M | 12.74M | 12.41M | 24.82M | 32.88M | 27.51M | 21.25M | 19.7M | 20.95M | 17.04M | 11.01M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 166.37M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Income/Expense | 26.89M | 21.74M | 21.01M | 95.66M | -87.88M | -6.66M | 5.23M | -2.54M | 14.12M | -15.98M | -24.98M | -9.04M | -20.37M | -53.27M | -83.67M | -99.15M | 81.07M | -58.91M | -48.26M | -17.74M | -42.56M | -3.37M | -14.73M | 6.86M | 6.58M | 8.93M | -166.37M | 4.2M | 3.3M | 1.4M | 400K |
| Pretax Income | 315.86M | 281.96M | 200.04M | 187.16M | -7.83M | 23.29M | -36.54M | -87.02M | -70.63M | 40.99M | 22.64M | 60.23M | 50.25M | -12.02M | -117.89M | -25.8M | 208.04M | -92.73M | -71.67M | -48.36M | -25.7M | 38.76M | 47.88M | 34.15M | 38.01M | 49.65M | -138.79M | 13.8M | 11.3M | 3.3M | -4.1M |
| Pretax Margin % | 39.68% | 39.85% | 35.94% | 40.59% | -1.72% | 7.09% | -14.83% | -38.84% | -30.55% | 10.43% | 6.73% | 20.33% | 16.94% | -4.43% | -50.37% | -8.26% | 64.33% | -82.05% | -50.3% | -26.87% | -13.16% | 24.66% | 33.05% | 28.89% | 39.36% | 42.38% | -191.94% | 31.8% | 29.82% | 12.69% | -36.28% |
| Income Tax | 49.99M | 51.5M | 20.22M | -146.74M | 6.49M | 4.95M | 3.93M | 3.4M | 87.33M | 63.85M | 15.82M | -151.16M | 24.05M | 21.73M | 16.45M | 17.25M | 57.13M | -541K | 124.25M | -20.69M | -11.89M | 9.82M | 14.33M | 10.93M | 13.3M | 18.38M | -32.67M | 5.1M | 4.5M | 1.3M | 300K |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 15.83% | 18.27% | 10.11% | -78.41% | -82.88% | 21.27% | -10.76% | -3.91% | -123.65% | 155.78% | 69.87% | -250.96% | 47.86% | -180.84% | -13.96% | -66.87% | 27.46% | 0.58% | -173.36% | 42.79% | 46.25% | 25.34% | 29.92% | 32% | 35% | 37.01% | 23.54% | 36.96% | 39.82% | 39.39% | -7.32% |
| Net Income | 265.87M | 230.46M | 179.82M | 333.9M | -14.31M | 18.33M | -40.47M | -90.42M | -157.96M | -22.86M | 6.82M | 211.39M | 26.2M | -33.75M | -134.34M | -43.05M | 150.92M | -92.19M | -195.92M | -27.66M | -13.82M | 28.94M | 33.56M | 23.22M | 24.7M | 31.27M | -106.13M | 8.7M | 6.8M | 2M | -4.4M |
| Net Margin % | 33.4% | 32.57% | 32.31% | 72.41% | -3.15% | 5.58% | -16.43% | -40.36% | -68.32% | -5.82% | 2.03% | 71.35% | 8.83% | -12.43% | -57.4% | -13.78% | 46.67% | -81.58% | -137.5% | -15.37% | -7.07% | 18.41% | 23.16% | 19.65% | 25.58% | 26.69% | -146.76% | 20.05% | 17.94% | 7.69% | -38.94% |
| Net Income Growth % | 16.19% | 28.16% | -46.15% | 2433.36% | -178.05% | 145.3% | 55.24% | 42.76% | -590.92% | -435.22% | -96.77% | 706.79% | 177.64% | 74.88% | -212.02% | -128.53% | 263.71% | 52.95% | -608.22% | -100.23% | -147.74% | -13.76% | 44.52% | -6% | -21% | 129.47% | -1319.85% | 27.94% | 240% | 145.45% | 37.14% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 265.87M | 230.46M | 179.82M | 333.9M | -14.31M | 18.33M | -40.47M | -90.42M | -157.96M | -22.86M | 6.82M | 211.39M | 26.2M | -33.75M | -134.34M | -43.05M | 150.92M | -92.19M | -195.92M | -27.66M | -13.82M | 28.94M | 33.56M | 23.22M | 24.7M | 31.27M | -106.13M | 8.7M | 6.8M | 2M | -4.4M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EPS (Diluted) | 2.44 | 2.11 | 1.65 | 3.01 | -0.13 | 0.16 | -0.36 | -0.81 | -1.46 | -0.17 | 0.06 | 1.80 | 0.22 | -0.30 | -1.21 | -0.39 | -1.90 | -0.88 | -1.87 | -0.27 | -0.13 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.29 | -1.10 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.02 | -0.20 |
| EPS Growth % | 15.71% | 27.88% | -45.18% | 2415.38% | -181.25% | 144.44% | 55.56% | 44.52% | -758.82% | -383.33% | -96.67% | 718.18% | 173.33% | 75.21% | -210.26% | 79.47% | -115.91% | 52.94% | -592.59% | -107.69% | -146.43% | 33.33% | 250% | -75% | -17.24% | 126.36% | -1322.22% | 28.57% | 250% | 110% | 35.48% |
| EPS (Basic) | - | 2.14 | 1.67 | 3.09 | -0.13 | 0.17 | -0.36 | -0.81 | -1.46 | -0.17 | 0.06 | 1.84 | 0.23 | -0.30 | -1.21 | -0.39 | -1.90 | -0.88 | -1.87 | -0.27 | -0.13 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.31 | -1.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.03 | -0.20 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 108.79M | 109.72M | 109.04M | 110.89M | 109.47M | 114.86M | 113.25M | 110.95M | 108.45M | 110.2M | 113.14M | 117.48M | 117.62M | 112.42M | 110.77M | 110.04M | 104.57M | 104.57M | 104.57M | 104.06M | 103.05M | 103.53M | 108.55M | 105.04M | 102.1M | 105.97M | 96.49M | 100.21M | 97.5M | 100M | 22M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 107.64M | 107.74M | 107.44M | 108.18M | 109.47M | 110.54M | 113.25M | 110.95M | 108.19M | 108.87M | 110.16M | 114.81M | 114.32M | 112.42M | 110.77M | 110.04M | 104.57M | 104.57M | 104.57M | 104.06M | 103.05M | 99.88M | 101.93M | 97.36M | 99.37M | 99.46M | 96.49M | 93.33M | 90.82M | 66.67M | 22M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying RMBS stock.
For fiscal year 2025, Rambus Inc. (RMBS) reported total revenue of $707.6M. This represents a 6162.2% increase compared to $11.3M in 1996.
Rambus Inc. (RMBS) is profitable, generating $230.5M in net income for the fiscal year ending 2025 with a net profit margin of 32.6%.
Rambus Inc. (RMBS) reported an operating income of $260.2M, resulting in an operating profit margin of 36.8%. This margin reflects the operational efficiency of the business before interest and taxes.
Rambus Inc. (RMBS) generated $537.6M in gross profit for the year, representing a gross profit margin of 76.0%. This demonstrates the company's core pricing power and production efficiency.
Key Metrics
Top Statement Risk
Hardware mix shift compressing royalty-margin structure
Metrics are mathematically derived from official filings.
Revenue Momentum Accelerates on DDR5 Tailwinds
According to recent SEC filings, Rambus's revenue has accelerated from 10.3% growth in 2024Q2 to 22.3% in 2026Q3, reaching $218.3M. This momentum appears driven by DDR5 penetration in data centers, where higher ASPs suggest the company's market position is strengthening rather than eroding.
Over ten quarters, Rambus's quarterly revenue compounded from $132.1M to $218.3M, representing a cumulative 65% increase. Growth accelerated from 10.3% to 22.3% over this period, reflecting the DDR5 transition in enterprise servers where Rambus's RCD chips command premium pricing. The acceleration appears to be driven by ASP expansion rather than pure volume, suggesting that higher-margin products are gaining share. This trajectory supports the thesis that Rambus is successfully transitioning from a litigation-centric IP licensing firm to a product-led growth company with durable data center exposure.
Gross Margin Structure Outperforms Peer Set
As reported in financial statements, Rambus's gross margin has expanded from 73.9% in 2024Q2 to 78.3% in 2026Q3, outperforming the peer group average by approximately 20 percentage points. This structural advantage appears rooted in the royalty and Silicon IP segments, which carry near-zero marginal costs.
Rambus's gross margin trajectory (73.9% → 78.3%) significantly outpaces the peer set average (SSNC, IPGP, CEVA, SLAB, SITM, AMBA) of approximately 58%, reflecting the company's unique hybrid business model. The royalty and Silicon IP segments, which carry near-zero incremental costs, are structurally offsetting the lower margins associated with physical chip production. However, the recent margin compression from 79.8% in 2026Q2 to 78.3% in 2026Q3 suggests that foundry cost pressures may be emerging as the product segment scales. Investors should monitor whether the DDR5 ASP premium can sustain this margin structure as the royalty segment's relative contribution potentially dilutes.
Operating Leverage Amplified by Fixed-Cost Royalty Base
Based on reported quarterly data, operating income has scaled from $40.2M in 2024Q2 to $83.7M in 2026Q3, a 108% increase versus 65% revenue growth. This disproportionate scaling suggests significant operating leverage from the fixed-cost royalty base and disciplined SG&A management.
Operating income scaling at 108% versus 65% revenue growth reflects the inherent operating leverage in Rambus's hybrid IP-and-product model. The royalty segment's near-zero marginal cost means incremental licensing revenue flows almost entirely to operating profit, while R&D and SG&A remain largely fixed in absolute terms. SG&A has grown from $16.9M to $37.7M over ten quarters (123%), but this has been more than offset by gross profit expansion, suggesting management has maintained expense discipline relative to the revenue base. R&D investment has steadily increased from $40.5M to $49.4M, indicating continued commitment to high-speed signaling design capabilities that underpin the moat.
SBC Volatility Clouds Underlying Earnings Trajectory
Rambus's reported EPS has swung from -78.1% to 86.7% growth over the last ten quarters, with SBC ranging from $0 to $33.0M. This volatility suggests significant non-operating items and tax rate variations cloud the underlying earnings trajectory, warranting careful adjustment for sustainable cash earnings.
The dramatic swings in EPS growth (from -78.1% in 2024Q2 to 86.7% in 2025Q1, then back to 56.8% in 2026Q3) reflect non-operating items and tax rate variations rather than fundamental business volatility. Net margin has fluctuated between 27.1% and 38.6% over the same period, despite consistent revenue growth, suggesting earnings quality is influenced by items below the operating line. The $33.0M SBC charge in 2026Q3 (versus $0 in 2026Q2) appears to reflect timing differences in equity compensation recognition rather than structural changes in dilution, but this creates quarter-to-quarter noise that complicates trend analysis. Investors should adjust reported EPS to assess sustainable cash earnings, particularly given ASC 606's front-loading of certain licensing agreements.
Hardware Mix Shift Threatens Structural Margins
Based on recent financial statements, while Rambus's revenue trajectory appears robust, the recent EPS miss and SG&A growth of 123% over ten quarters suggest expense pressures may be emerging. The shift toward hardware products could structurally compress margins if royalty segment contributions dilute.
The market may be underestimating the risk that Rambus's successful product-led growth strategy could paradoxically undermine its margin structure. As DDR5 RCDs become a larger share of total revenue, the near-zero marginal cost royalty segment's relative contribution will dilute, potentially capping the 78% gross margin. The 2026Q2 EPS miss ($0.77 vs consensus $0.79) despite revenue beat suggests that expense growth may be outpacing revenue in certain periods, warranting scrutiny of operating leverage sustainability. Furthermore, the concentration of revenue in Taiwan and South Korea creates geopolitical exposure that could materially impact demand during trade restrictions or regional instability, a risk that appears underweighted in the current valuation.