Revenue growth accelerated to 14.5% in Q2 2026, with gross margin expanding to 20.8% from 18.2% in Q2 2024, while operating margin improved to 11.4% from 2.7% in the same period.
RTX Corporation (RTX) annual income statement — 30-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 95.99B | 88.6B | 80.74B | 68.92B | 67.07B | 64.39B | 56.59B | 45.35B | 34.7B | 59.84B | 57.24B | 56.1B | 57.9B | 56.6B | 57.71B | 55.75B | 52.27B | 52.42B | 59.76B | 54.76B | 47.83B | 42.73B | 37.45B | 31.03B | 28.21B | 27.9B | 26.58B | 23.84B | 22.79B | 21.06B | 22.79B |
| Revenue Growth % | 11.63% | 9.74% | 17.15% | 2.75% | 4.17% | 13.79% | 24.78% | 30.69% | -42.01% | 4.53% | 2.04% | -3.11% | 2.3% | -1.92% | 3.5% | 6.66% | -0.29% | -12.27% | 9.13% | 14.49% | 11.95% | 14.1% | 20.66% | 10% | 1.13% | 4.94% | 11.49% | 4.64% | 8.19% | -7.57% | 0.72% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 75.74B | 70.81B | 65.33B | 56.83B | 53.41B | 51.9B | 48.06B | 34.6B | 27.46B | 44.2B | 41.47B | 40.43B | 40.9B | 40.47B | 42.15B | 40.37B | 37.95B | 38.86B | 43.64B | 39.92B | 34.74B | 30.93B | 27.24B | 22.51B | 20.16B | 20.09B | 18.97B | 17.37B | 16.17B | 15.14B | 16.57B |
| COGS % of Revenue | - | 79.92% | 80.91% | 82.46% | 79.62% | 80.6% | 84.92% | 76.29% | 79.15% | 73.87% | 72.45% | 72.07% | 70.64% | 71.5% | 73.05% | 72.41% | 72.6% | 74.13% | 73.02% | 72.9% | 72.63% | 72.4% | 72.75% | 72.53% | 71.46% | 72% | 71.36% | 72.83% | 70.95% | 71.88% | 72.73% |
| Gross Profit | 20.25B | 17.79B | 15.41B | 12.09B | 13.67B | 12.49B | 8.53B | 10.75B | 7.24B | 15.64B | 15.77B | 15.67B | 17B | 16.13B | 15.55B | 15.38B | 14.32B | 13.56B | 16.12B | 14.84B | 13.09B | 11.79B | 10.2B | 8.53B | 8.05B | 7.81B | 7.61B | 6.48B | 6.62B | 5.92B | 6.21B |
| Gross Margin % | 21.1% | 20.08% | 19.09% | 17.54% | 20.38% | 19.4% | 15.08% | 23.71% | 20.85% | 26.13% | 27.55% | 27.93% | 29.36% | 28.5% | 26.95% | 27.59% | 27.4% | 25.87% | 26.98% | 27.1% | 27.37% | 27.6% | 27.25% | 27.47% | 28.54% | 28% | 28.64% | 27.17% | 29.05% | 28.12% | 27.27% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | - | 15.44% | 27.47% | -11.55% | 9.42% | 46.42% | -20.65% | 48.58% | -53.72% | -0.87% | 0.68% | -7.85% | 5.39% | 3.71% | 1.1% | 7.43% | 5.58% | -15.86% | 8.65% | 13.35% | 11.02% | 15.55% | 19.67% | 5.9% | 3.09% | 2.59% | 17.52% | -2.15% | 11.77% | -4.68% | 5.9% |
| Operating Expenses | 8.95B | 8.49B | 8.87B | 8.53B | 8.16B | 7.36B | 10.42B | 5.84B | 4.36B | 7.5B | 7.55B | 8.38B | 7.41B | 7.58B | 7.87B | 7.54B | 7.42B | 7.19B | 8.49B | 7.79B | 6.99B | 6.61B | 5.9B | 4.68B | 4.39B | 4.58B | 4.85B | 5.24B | 4.63B | 4.39B | 4.76B |
| OpEx % of Revenue | - | 9.58% | 10.99% | 12.37% | 12.17% | 11.42% | 18.41% | 12.87% | 12.56% | 12.53% | 13.19% | 14.93% | 12.8% | 13.4% | 13.64% | 13.52% | 14.2% | 13.71% | 14.22% | 14.22% | 14.62% | 15.47% | 15.76% | 15.08% | 15.57% | 16.41% | 18.24% | 21.99% | 20.34% | 20.83% | 20.88% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 6.69B | 6.09B | 5.81B | 5.81B | 5.57B | 5.05B | 5.54B | 3.71B | 2.86B | 6.43B | 5.96B | 5.89B | 6.17B | 6.36B | 6.45B | 6.16B | 5.8B | 6.04B | 6.72B | 6.11B | 5.46B | 5.24B | 4.63B | 3.65B | 3.2B | 3.32B | 3.17B | 3.13B | 2.74B | 2.61B | 2.8B |
| SG&A % of Revenue | - | 6.88% | 7.19% | 8.43% | 8.31% | 7.84% | 9.79% | 8.18% | 8.25% | 10.74% | 10.41% | 10.49% | 10.66% | 11.24% | 11.18% | 11.05% | 11.09% | 11.51% | 11.25% | 11.16% | 11.42% | 12.27% | 12.38% | 11.77% | 11.35% | 11.91% | 11.93% | 13.14% | 12.01% | 12.4% | 12.27% |
| Research & Development | 2.85B | 2.81B | 2.93B | 2.81B | 2.71B | 2.73B | 2.58B | 2.45B | 1.88B | 2.43B | 2.38B | 2.28B | 2.48B | 2.34B | 2.37B | 1.95B | 1.66B | 1.56B | 1.77B | 1.68B | 1.53B | 1.37B | 1.27B | 1.03B | 1.19B | 1.25B | 1.3B | 1.29B | 1.17B | 1.07B | 1.12B |
| R&D % of Revenue | - | 3.17% | 3.63% | 4.07% | 4.04% | 4.24% | 4.56% | 5.41% | 5.41% | 4.06% | 4.15% | 4.06% | 4.27% | 4.14% | 4.11% | 3.5% | 3.17% | 2.97% | 2.96% | 3.06% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 3.38% | 3.31% | 4.22% | 4.5% | 4.9% | 5.42% | 5.13% | 5.08% | 4.92% |
| Other Operating Expenses | -4M | -413M | 132M | -86M | -120M | -423M | 2.3B | -326M | -383M | -1.36B | -782M | 211M | -1.24B | -1.12B | -952M | -573M | -31M | -407M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 377M | 819M | 730M | 707M | 841M |
| Operating Income | 11.3B | 9.3B | 6.54B | 3.56B | 5.5B | 5.14B | -1.89B | 4.91B | 2.88B | 8.14B | 8.22B | 7.29B | 9.59B | 8.55B | 7.68B | 7.85B | 6.9B | 6.38B | 7.63B | 7.05B | 6.1B | 5.18B | 4.3B | 3.85B | 3.66B | 3.23B | 2.76B | 1.23B | 1.99B | 1.54B | 1.46B |
| Operating Margin % | 11.77% | 10.5% | 8.1% | 5.17% | 8.21% | 7.98% | -3.34% | 10.84% | 8.29% | 13.6% | 14.36% | 13% | 16.57% | 15.1% | 13.32% | 14.07% | 13.2% | 12.16% | 12.76% | 12.87% | 12.75% | 12.13% | 11.49% | 12.39% | 12.96% | 11.59% | 10.39% | 5.18% | 8.71% | 7.29% | 6.38% |
| Operating Income Growth % | - | 42.25% | 83.6% | -35.3% | 7.17% | 371.89% | -138.44% | 70.8% | -64.65% | -1.01% | 12.76% | -24% | 12.21% | 11.26% | -2.06% | 13.74% | 8.17% | -16.37% | 8.16% | 15.61% | 17.68% | 20.48% | 11.86% | 5.14% | 13.11% | 17.01% | 123.91% | -37.83% | 29.23% | 5.57% | 3.19% |
| EBITDA | 15.68B | 13.68B | 10.9B | 7.77B | 9.61B | 9.69B | 2.27B | 7.62B | 4.77B | 10.28B | 10.18B | 9.15B | 11.41B | 10.28B | 9.21B | 9.11B | 8.2B | 7.63B | 8.95B | 8.22B | 7.13B | 6.17B | 5.28B | 4.64B | 4.38B | 4.14B | 3.62B | 2.05B | 2.71B | 2.24B | 2.3B |
| EBITDA Margin % | 16.33% | 15.44% | 13.5% | 11.28% | 14.33% | 15.05% | 4.01% | 16.81% | 13.75% | 17.18% | 17.79% | 16.32% | 19.71% | 18.17% | 15.96% | 16.34% | 15.68% | 14.56% | 14.97% | 15.02% | 14.91% | 14.43% | 14.1% | 14.96% | 15.54% | 14.83% | 13.63% | 8.61% | 11.91% | 10.65% | 10.08% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 19% | 25.46% | 40.27% | -19.14% | -0.84% | 327.57% | -70.26% | 59.69% | -53.56% | 0.93% | 11.24% | -19.79% | 10.98% | 11.69% | 1.09% | 11.11% | 7.37% | -14.65% | 8.79% | 15.31% | 15.65% | 16.8% | 13.67% | 5.93% | 5.94% | 14.25% | 76.42% | -24.38% | 21.04% | -2.31% | 1.86% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 4.38B | 4.38B | 4.36B | 4.21B | 4.11B | 4.56B | 4.16B | 2.71B | 1.9B | 2.14B | 1.96B | 1.86B | 1.82B | 1.74B | 1.52B | 1.26B | 1.3B | 1.26B | 1.32B | 1.17B | 1.03B | 984M | 978M | 799M | 727M | 905M | 859M | 819M | 730M | 707M | 841M |
| EBIT | 12.43B | 10.57B | 8.16B | 5.49B | 7.42B | 6.44B | -945M | 5.86B | 3.69B | 8.78B | 8.29B | 7.41B | 9.81B | 8.69B | 7.8B | 8.02B | 7B | 6.46B | 7.63B | 7.05B | 6.1B | 5.18B | 4.3B | 3.85B | 3.66B | 3.23B | 3.14B | 1.23B | 1.99B | 1.54B | 1.46B |
| Net Interest Income | -1.53B | -1.74B | -1.87B | -1.55B | -1.23B | -1.29B | -1.37B | -1.59B | -1.03B | -909M | -1.04B | -824M | -881M | -895M | -773M | -496M | -650M | -617M | -689M | -666M | -606M | -498M | -363M | -375M | -381M | -426M | -382M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Income | 57M | 98M | 102M | 100M | 70M | 36M | 42M | 120M | 150M | 108M | 122M | 121M | 218M | 137M | 120M | 177M | 101M | 88M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest Expense | 1.58B | 1.83B | 1.97B | 1.65B | 1.3B | 1.33B | 1.41B | 1.71B | 1.18B | 1.02B | 1.16B | 945M | 1.1B | 1.03B | 893M | 673M | 751M | 705M | 689M | 666M | 606M | 498M | 363M | 375M | 381M | 426M | 382M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Income/Expense | -439M | -567M | -344M | 275M | 613M | -27M | -464M | -762M | -373M | -375M | -1.09B | -824M | -881M | -895M | -773M | -496M | -650M | -617M | -689M | -666M | -606M | -498M | -363M | -375M | -381M | -426M | -5M | -68M | -260M | -60M | -55M |
| Pretax Income | 10.86B | 8.73B | 6.19B | 3.84B | 6.12B | 5.11B | -2.35B | 4.15B | 2.5B | 7.76B | 7.13B | 6.47B | 8.71B | 7.65B | 6.91B | 7.35B | 6.25B | 5.76B | 6.94B | 6.38B | 5.49B | 4.68B | 3.94B | 3.47B | 3.28B | 2.81B | 2.76B | 1.17B | 1.73B | 1.48B | 1.4B |
| Pretax Margin % | 11.31% | 9.86% | 7.67% | 5.57% | 9.12% | 7.93% | -4.16% | 9.16% | 7.22% | 12.97% | 12.46% | 11.53% | 15.05% | 13.52% | 11.98% | 13.18% | 11.95% | 10.99% | 11.61% | 11.66% | 11.48% | 10.96% | 10.52% | 11.18% | 11.61% | 10.06% | 10.38% | 4.89% | 7.57% | 7.01% | 6.14% |
| Income Tax | 2.03B | 1.66B | 1.18B | 456M | 790M | 964M | 575M | 421M | 1.1B | 2.84B | 1.7B | 2.11B | 2.24B | 2B | 1.71B | 2.13B | 1.73B | 1.58B | 1.88B | 1.84B | 1.49B | 1.25B | 1.03B | 941M | 887M | 755M | 853M | 325M | 568M | 514M | 494M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 18.72% | 19.05% | 19.07% | 11.89% | 12.91% | 18.87% | -24.44% | 10.14% | 43.85% | 36.62% | 23.79% | 32.64% | 25.76% | 26.12% | 24.76% | 29.03% | 27.61% | 27.45% | 27.15% | 28.76% | 27.2% | 26.75% | 26.18% | 27.12% | 27.08% | 26.9% | 30.93% | 27.87% | 32.93% | 34.82% | 35.29% |
| Net Income | 8.53B | 6.73B | 4.77B | 3.19B | 5.2B | 3.86B | -3.52B | 5.54B | 5.27B | 4.55B | 5.05B | 7.61B | 6.22B | 5.72B | 5.13B | 4.98B | 4.37B | 3.83B | 4.69B | 4.22B | 3.73B | 3.07B | 2.67B | 2.36B | 2.24B | 1.94B | 1.81B | 1.53B | 1.25B | 1.07B | 906M |
| Net Margin % | 8.88% | 7.6% | 5.91% | 4.64% | 7.75% | 6% | -6.22% | 12.21% | 15.18% | 7.61% | 8.83% | 13.56% | 10.74% | 10.11% | 8.89% | 8.93% | 8.37% | 7.3% | 7.85% | 7.71% | 7.8% | 7.18% | 7.14% | 7.61% | 7.93% | 6.95% | 6.8% | 6.42% | 5.51% | 5.09% | 3.98% |
| Net Income Growth % | 29.37% | 41.01% | 49.42% | -38.52% | 34.5% | 209.8% | -163.55% | 5.09% | 15.75% | -9.95% | -33.56% | 22.32% | 8.72% | 11.52% | 3.03% | 13.86% | 14.21% | -18.34% | 11.01% | 13.18% | 21.6% | 14.81% | 13.21% | 5.59% | 15.38% | 7.19% | 18.09% | 21.99% | 17.07% | 18.32% | 20.8% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 8.83B | 7.07B | 5.01B | 3.38B | 5.33B | 4.14B | -2.93B | 3.73B | 1.41B | 4.92B | 5.44B | 4.36B | 6.47B | 5.66B | 5.2B | 5.22B | 4.52B | 4.18B | 5.05B | 4.55B | 4B | 3.16B | 2.67B | 2.53B | 2.39B | 2.05B | 1.81B | 841M | 1.16B | 962M | 906M |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -19M | -33M | -367M | 2.22B | 4.05B | 0 | -10M | 3.61B | 154M | 456M | 283M | 148M | 188M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 690M | 98M | 110M | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 1.71B | 1.89B | 1.8B | 1.65B | 1.58B | 1.63B | 1.72B | 2.55B | 2.27B | 1.94B | 1.89B | 1.61B | 1.49B | 1.46B | 1.39B | 1.3B | 1.26B | 1.32B | 918M | 912M | 836M | 778M | 910M | 709M | 589M | 550M | 497M | 527M | 421M | 351M | 478M |
| EPS (Diluted) | 6.23 | 4.96 | 3.55 | 2.23 | 3.50 | 2.56 | -2.59 | 6.41 | 6.50 | 5.70 | 6.12 | 8.62 | 6.82 | 6.25 | 5.66 | 5.49 | 4.74 | 4.12 | 4.90 | 4.27 | 3.71 | 3.03 | 2.64 | 4.69 | 2.21 | 1.92 | 1.78 | 1.51 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.44 |
| EPS Growth % | 26.49% | 39.72% | 59.19% | -36.29% | 36.72% | 198.84% | -140.41% | -1.38% | 14.04% | -6.86% | -29% | 26.39% | 9.12% | 10.42% | 3.1% | 15.82% | 15.05% | -15.92% | 14.75% | 15.09% | 22.44% | 14.77% | -43.71% | 112.22% | 15.1% | 7.87% | 17.88% | 139.68% | 18.87% | 20.45% | 144.44% |
| EPS (Basic) | - | 5.02 | 3.58 | 2.24 | 3.52 | 2.57 | -2.59 | 6.48 | 6.58 | 5.76 | 6.18 | 8.72 | 6.92 | 6.35 | 5.73 | 5.58 | 4.82 | 4.17 | 5.00 | 4.38 | 3.81 | 3.10 | 2.69 | 4.93 | 2.34 | 2.03 | 1.89 | 1.61 | 0.67 | 0.56 | 0.45 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 1.37B | 1.36B | 1.34B | 1.44B | 1.49B | 1.51B | 1.36B | 864M | 810M | 799M | 826M | 883M | 912M | 915M | 906.36M | 907M | 923M | 929M | 956M | 989M | 1.01B | 1.01B | 1.01B | 1.01B | 1.01B | 1.01B | 1.02B | 995.35M | 900.21M | 916.28M | 951.9M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 1.35B | 1.34B | 1.33B | 1.43B | 1.48B | 1.5B | 1.36B | 855M | 800M | 790M | 818M | 873M | 898M | 901M | 895.29M | 892M | 908M | 917M | 938M | 964M | 980M | 991M | 993M | 991M | 944.8M | 940.4M | 940.2M | 930.43M | 900.21M | 916.28M | 951.9M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | - | 53.09% | 67.39% | 101.38% | 60.19% | 76.53% | - | 44.1% | 41.18% | 45.56% | 40.93% | 28.71% | 32.93% | 33.35% | 34.15% | 32.18% | 33.89% | 35.41% | 25.81% | 25.57% | 25.48% | 27.11% | 24.69% | 22.58% | 20.66% | 21.83% | 21.4% | 33.44% | 36.1% | 36.01% | 35.98% |
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying RTX stock.
For fiscal year 2025, RTX Corporation (RTX) reported total revenue of $88.60B. This represents a 288.8% increase compared to $22.79B in 1996.
RTX Corporation (RTX) is profitable, generating $6.73B in net income for the fiscal year ending 2025 with a net profit margin of 7.6%.
RTX Corporation (RTX) reported an operating income of $9.30B, resulting in an operating profit margin of 10.5%. This margin reflects the operational efficiency of the business before interest and taxes.
RTX Corporation (RTX) generated $17.79B in gross profit for the year, representing a gross profit margin of 20.1%. This demonstrates the company's core pricing power and production efficiency.
Key Metrics
Top Statement Risk
GTF powder metal charges
Metrics are mathematically derived from official filings.
Revenue Momentum Accelerates on Aftermarket Strength
RTX's revenue growth accelerated to 14.5% in Q2 2026, up from 9.4% a year earlier, driven by double-digit commercial aftermarket and defense growth, as reported in the latest quarterly filing.
The sequential acceleration from 8.7% in Q1 2026 to 14.5% in Q2 2026 suggests a strengthening demand environment, likely fueled by robust commercial aftermarket activity and defense backlog conversion. With backlog up 22% year-over-year, revenue visibility appears solid, supporting the durability of this growth trajectory. However, the mix between OE and aftermarket will be critical to monitor, as OE sales carry lower margins.
Gross Margin Expansion Tempered by GTF Costs
Gross margin improved to 20.8% in Q2 2026 from 18.2% in Q2 2024, but remains below peers like LHX at 25.7%, reflecting ongoing GTF remediation costs and OE mix dilution.
The 260 basis point improvement over two years indicates operational leverage and favorable mix shift, yet the absolute level lags diversified peers, suggesting structural headwinds from engine programs. The reported gross margin of 20.08% in the latest quarter is still below the 25.7% of L3Harris, highlighting the dilutive impact of low-margin OE sales and the ongoing powder metal issue. Investors should monitor whether margin expansion can continue as GTF charges subside and aftermarket share grows.
Operating Leverage Emerging as SG&A Scales
Operating income grew 33% year-over-year in Q2 2026, outpacing revenue growth of 14.5%, as SG&A as a percentage of revenue declined to 6.9% from 7.4% a year earlier.
The operating margin expanded to 11.4% from 9.9% in Q2 2025, indicating that overhead costs are growing slower than revenue, a classic sign of operating leverage. This efficiency appears driven by disciplined cost management and synergies from the UTX-Raytheon merger. However, the sustainability of this leverage depends on maintaining revenue growth while controlling R&D and SG&A, which may face upward pressure from GTF remediation and defense program investments.
Earnings Quality Clouded by One-Time Charges
Q2 2026 net income of $2.1B includes $164M in stock-based compensation, while the prior year's Q2 2024 net income of $111M was depressed by GTF charges, suggesting normalized earnings are higher than reported.
The volatility in net income, swinging from $111M in Q2 2024 to $2.1B in Q2 2026, underscores the impact of non-recurring items such as GTF powder metal charges and potential EAC adjustments. SBC of $164M in Q2 2026 represents about 7.8% of net income, a modest drag, but investors should adjust for these items to assess underlying profitability. The effective tax rate appears stable, but the presence of one-time charges warrants caution in extrapolating EPS growth.
R&D and SG&A Discipline Drives Margin Gains
R&D as a percentage of revenue declined to 2.9% in Q2 2026 from 3.6% in Q2 2024, while SG&A remained flat at 6.9%, indicating cost discipline despite ongoing GTF remediation.
The reduction in R&D intensity suggests that RTX is leveraging its existing technology platforms, though this may raise questions about future innovation. SG&A has been held steady, reflecting merger synergies and cost control. However, the GTF powder metal issue continues to generate charges, which are not fully visible in the income statement lines, potentially masking true cost pressures. Monitoring the trajectory of R&D and SG&A will be key to assessing margin sustainability.
Q2 2024 Marks the Trough and Turnaround
Q2 2024 was the operational low point with operating margin of 2.7% and net income of $111M, driven by GTF charges, after which margins and earnings recovered steadily to 11.4% and $2.1B by Q2 2026.
The sharp decline in Q2 2024, with EPS of $0.08, appears to have been a one-time shock from GTF powder metal remediation, as subsequent quarters show a clear recovery trajectory. This inflection suggests that the market may have overreacted to the GTF issue, and the company has since demonstrated resilience. The lasting impact is a more cautious approach to engine quality, but the recovery in margins and earnings indicates that the underlying business remains fundamentally sound.
What Could Invalidate the Base Case
Despite the strong recovery, the lingering GTF powder metal issue could trigger additional charges, and the reliance on defense contracts with EAC adjustments may introduce earnings volatility, as seen in Q2 2024.
The most significant risk to the current narrative is the potential for further GTF-related charges, which could compress margins and strain customer relationships, as evidenced by the Q2 2024 trough. Additionally, the use of EAC accounting for defense contracts means that cost overruns could lead to negative cumulative catch-up adjustments, impacting reported earnings. Investors should also consider that the recent margin expansion may be partly due to favorable mix and cost discipline, which could reverse if commercial aftermarket growth slows or defense procurement shifts. The elevated backlog provides visibility, but execution risks remain, particularly in the engine segment.