Cash generation remains inconsistent, highlighted by a 2026Q1 OCF/NI ratio of -2.14 and a substantial $113.5 million outflow related to working capital requirements.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 11.36M | 26.99M | -31.04M | -21.83M | 8.05M | -17.6M | 35.76M | 17.99M | 18.86M | 50.42M | 47.19M | 37.57M | 49.72M | 56.6M | 59.48M | 34.26M | 17.79M | 24.39M | 22.93M | 8.25M | 1.63M | 15.63M | -8.71M | 6.39M | 4.98M | 1.41M | 2.02M | 4.2M | 3.4M | 8.1M | -4.4M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 2.43% | -2.87% | -2.54% | 1.2% | -2.34% | 5.4% | 2.39% | 2.7% | 6.63% | 6.82% | 7.04% | 11.72% | 12% | 10.88% | 5.54% | 2.05% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 1.26% | 0.45% | 5.58% | -4.03% | 4.75% | 3.7% | 1.26% | 1.65% | 2.67% | 1.89% | 5.2% | -3.66% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 239.02% | 186.96% | -42.18% | -371.13% | 145.74% | -149.22% | 98.74% | -4.57% | -62.6% | 6.84% | 25.6% | -24.42% | -12.16% | -4.84% | 73.6% | 92.61% | -27.06% | 6.37% | 177.95% | 405.7% | -89.56% | 279.46% | -236.32% | 28.3% | 253.3% | -30.25% | -51.9% | 23.53% | -58.02% | 284.09% | -1000% |
| Net Income | 62.83M | 53.49M | 15.32M | 39.13M | 28.06M | 7.97M | -5.17M | 37.02M | 35.08M | 39.1M | 26.79M | 24.92M | 19.36M | 22.85M | 21.29M | 20.55M | 23.69M | 24.02M | 19.04M | 14.1M | 7.79M | 6.17M | 3.44M | 2.01M | 652K | 855K | 968K | 1.5M | 1.6M | -1.4M | 1.7M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 43.5M | 39.92M | 28.76M | 23.42M | 25.57M | 25.6M | 24.14M | 26.93M | 25.22M | 25.88M | 26.05M | 25.54M | 18.77M | 20.02M | 21.16M | 15.1M | 8.94M | 7.62M | 5.44M | 3.46M | 1.88M | 1.42M | 1.32M | 1.18M | 1.41M | 1.37M | 1.56M | 1.9M | 1.9M | 4.1M | 1.5M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 7.72M | 0 | 8.31M | 7.74M | 4.46M | 3.93M | 2.86M | 3.26M | 3.03M | 3.07M | 2.11M | 2.08M | 1.74M | 1.58M | 744K | 1.03M | 1.71M | 1.24M | 956K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 11.12M | -58K | -10M | -1.98M | -1.14M | -4.36M | 106K | -505K | -1.37M | -10.53M | -1.15M | 84K | 3.08M | -874K | -1.25M | 1.28M | -728K | 558K | 1.24M | -805K | -614K | -326K | -273K | 646K | -274K | 212K | -45K | -500K | 300K | -1.3M | 500K |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 37.84M | 46.76M | 33.42M | 2.29M | 1.22M | 24.36M | 35.9M | 1.9M | -1.7M | 71.79M | -1.33M | 426K | 3.18M | 1.22M | 4.62M | -2.49M | 77K | -654K | 10K | 551K | 308K | 762K | 433K | 21K | 625K | -302K | 214K | -100K | 100K | -200K | 300K |
| Working Capital Changes | -146.97M | -113.13M | -106.86M | -92.42M | -50.12M | -75.1M | -22.07M | -50.62M | -41.41M | -7.09M | -5.28M | -15.48M | 3.57M | 11.81M | 12.91M | -1.22M | -15.89M | -8.4M | -3.76M | -9.06M | -7.74M | 7.6M | -13.63M | 2.53M | 2.56M | -728K | -680K | 400K | -600K | 6.9M | -8.4M |
| Change in Receivables | -45.31M | -35.1M | -32.46M | -20.77M | -33.03M | -9.41M | 7.73M | -3.33M | -3.75M | 2.88M | -22.75M | -8.14M | 19M | 14.13M | 29.27M | 38.65M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -122.06M | -56.87M | -31.67M | -87.53M | -59.1M | -80.02M | -50.17M | -44.22M | -35.56M | 3.75M | -27.22M | -10.38M | -10.05M | 2.24M | 435K | -4.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.46M | -186K | 4.23M | -8.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | -10.89M | -10.93M | -31.76M | 23.91M | 36.19M | 33.21M | 3.5M | 7.72M | -7.41M | -23.59M | 54.74M | -362K | -1.22M | 1.92M | -17.28M | -31.6M | -35.68M | -43.15M | 65.51M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -303.41M | -276.45M | -263.67M | -235.69M | -2.38M | -61.63M | 20.22M | -122.81M | -1.29M | -3.01M | -6.47M | -205.19M | -3.41M | -4.42M | -25.47M | -182.92M | -36.68M | -10.28M | -28.77M | -20.49M | -5.62M | -1.67M | -2.7M | -720K | -521K | -2.03M | -1.12M | -1.1M | -1.6M | -2.7M | -2.7M |
| Capital Expenditures | -24.86M | -21.28M | -20.7M | -18.67M | -11.21M | -10.52M | -4.43M | -9.63M | -3.12M | -3.74M | -6.55M | -10.56M | -3.41M | -4.42M | -20.86M | -6.63M | -4.8M | -8.63M | -10.02M | -8.73M | -5.62M | -1.67M | -2.7M | -720K | -521K | -2.03M | -424K | -1.2M | -1.6M | -2.2M | -2.5M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 2.11% | 1.91% | 1.92% | 2.17% | 1.67% | 1.4% | 0.67% | 1.28% | 0.45% | 0.49% | 0.95% | 1.98% | 0.81% | 0.94% | 3.82% | 1.07% | 0.55% | 0.85% | 0.96% | 1.34% | 1.54% | 0.59% | 1.25% | 0.54% | 0.39% | 1.82% | 0.35% | 0.76% | 0.89% | 1.41% | 2.08% |
| Acquisitions | -402.12M | -255.17M | -283.12M | -218.58M | 0 | -53.34M | 21.77M | -113.18M | 1.7M | 732K | -63K | -195.13M | 0 | 0 | -4.61M | -174.94M | -30.2M | -1.65M | -18.75M | -11.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 123.58M | 0 | 40.16M | 1.56M | 8.84M | 2.22M | 2.88M | 4K | 122K | 732K | 143K | 507K | 0 | 0 | -4.61M | -1.34M | -1.68M | -1.65M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -700K | 100K | 0 | -500K | -200K |
| Cash from Financing | 1.52B | 289.79M | 315.81M | 264.97M | -5.71M | 79.37M | -56.34M | 105.39M | -18.02M | -47.21M | -41.04M | 168.09M | -46.26M | -53.46M | -32.95M | 143.35M | 16.64M | -6.72M | 6.37M | 3.6M | 15K | -1.37M | 1.7M | -34K | -456K | 179K | -311K | -3.1M | -1.8M | -5.8M | 6.9M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -175.21M | -138.83M | -500K | 144.39M | 1.88M | 33.27M | -19.34M | 110.07M | -12.42M | -43.9M | -19.54M | 185.1M | -41.94M | -51.22M | -24.58M | 146.46M | 17.78M | -6.68M | 6.59M | 81K | 0 | -1.58M | 1.58M | 0 | -351K | 351K | 0 | -2.8M | -1.1M | -1.6M | 7.3M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 1.72B | 442.17M | 326M | 130.02M | 899K | 52.02M | -690K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.75M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.02M | 318K | 715K | 518K | 315K | 244K | 169K | 20K | 100K | 100K | -100K | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -8.54M | -8.26M | -7.06M | -5.44M | -5.11M | -4.43M | -3.97M | -3.73M | -3.26M | -2.82M | -2.48M | -2.26M | -2.03M | -1.81M | -1.58M | -1.36M | -1.14M | -974K | -862K | -741K | -615K | -510K | -401K | -349K | -349K | -341K | -331K | -300K | -300K | -300K | -300K |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -690K | -955K | 0 | -500K | -499K | -342K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -800K | -100K | 0 |
| Other Financing | -12.31M | -5.28M | -2.63M | -4M | -3.38M | -1.49M | -32.34M | -955K | -2.34M | -500K | -19.01M | -14.75M | -2.29M | -437K | -6.79M | 0 | -1.84M | 931K | 640K | 2.25M | 312K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -100K | -100K | -100K | -100K |
| Net Change in Cash | 1.23B | 40.33M | 21.1M | 7.45M | -40K | 140K | -356K | 572K | -462K | 196K | -312K | 477K | 43K | -1.28M | 1.05M | -5.31M | -2.26M | 7.39M | 529K | -8.64M | -3.97M | 12.59M | -9.71M | 5.63M | 4M | -438K | 585K | 0 | 0 | -400K | -200K |
| Free Cash Flow | -13.51M | 5.71M | -51.74M | -40.49M | -3.16M | -28.12M | 31.33M | 8.36M | 15.74M | 46.68M | 40.65M | 27.01M | 46.3M | 52.18M | 38.61M | 27.63M | 12.98M | 15.75M | 12.91M | -483K | -3.99M | 13.96M | -11.41M | 5.67M | 4.46M | -617K | 1.6M | 3M | 1.8M | 5.9M | -6.9M |
| FCF Margin % | -1.14% | 0.51% | -4.79% | -4.71% | -0.47% | -3.75% | 4.74% | 1.11% | 2.26% | 6.14% | 5.88% | 5.06% | 10.92% | 11.06% | 7.06% | 4.47% | 1.5% | 1.55% | 1.24% | -0.07% | -1.1% | 4.98% | -5.28% | 4.21% | 3.32% | -0.55% | 1.31% | 1.91% | 1% | 3.78% | -5.75% |
| FCF Growth % | 6.6% | 111.03% | -27.77% | -1181.08% | 88.76% | -189.75% | 274.63% | -46.85% | -66.28% | 14.84% | 50.48% | -41.66% | -11.27% | 35.14% | 39.77% | 112.79% | -17.58% | 22.02% | 2772.67% | 87.89% | -128.56% | 222.37% | -301.31% | 27.15% | 822.37% | -138.66% | -46.8% | 66.67% | -69.49% | 185.51% | -176% |
| FCF per Share | -0.49 | 0.27 | -2.88 | -2.85 | -0.25 | -2.23 | 2.84 | 0.76 | 1.44 | 4.29 | 3.75 | 2.50 | 4.31 | 4.88 | 3.64 | 2.62 | 1.24 | 1.53 | 1.27 | -0.05 | -0.41 | 1.46 | -1.23 | 0.63 | 0.51 | -0.07 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.69 | -0.79 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -0.21x | 0.50x | -1.02x | -0.56x | 0.29x | -2.21x | -6.92x | 0.49x | 0.54x | 1.29x | 1.76x | 1.51x | 2.57x | 2.48x | 2.79x | 1.67x | 0.75x | 1.02x | 1.20x | 0.58x | 0.21x | 2.53x | -2.53x | 3.18x | 7.63x | 1.65x | 2.09x | 2.80x | 2.13x | -5.79x | -2.59x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 37.08M | 35.04M | 16.42M | 12.15M | 13.94M | 13.47M | 7.52M | 7.61M | 8.23M | 6.62M | 2.13M | 4.19M | 5.51M | 3.15M | 359K | 119K | 214K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 12.23M | 13.94M | 10.33M | 7.54M | 4.76M | 11.64M | 9.53M | 16.35M | 18.89M | 15.95M | 9.93M | 15.64M | 10.69M | 12.63M | 15.47M | 15.73M | 10.92M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Working capital volatility risk
As evidenced by the provided financial data, VSEC exhibits a significant disconnect between net income and operating cash flow, highlighted by a 2026Q1 OCF/NI ratio of -2.14, which suggests that reported earnings are frequently decoupled from the actual cash generation capabilities of the underlying business operations.
The extreme volatility in the OCF/NI ratio across the ten-quarter period indicates that accrual-based accounting adjustments, particularly regarding unbilled receivables and inventory valuation, are heavily influencing reported net income. Investors should monitor whether this divergence is a temporary byproduct of the current portfolio transition or a structural feature of the company's long-term contract accounting.
Based on reported figures, VSEC's free cash flow trajectory remains highly inconsistent, with quarterly FCF margins swinging from a negative 53.4% in 2024Q1 to a positive 17.4% in 2024Q4, reflecting the lumpy nature of cash inflows tied to the company's evolving mix of aviation and federal contracts.
The lack of a stable FCF trend suggests that the business is currently in a capital-intensive phase of its strategic pivot, where cash flow is frequently consumed by acquisition integration and working capital requirements. This inconsistency makes it difficult to project sustainable cash returns for shareholders in the near term.
According to recent SEC filings, VSEC's working capital changes have been a primary source of cash flow volatility, including a substantial $113.5 million outflow in 2026Q1, which underscores the significant liquidity pressure exerted by the company's inventory-heavy aviation distribution model and its reliance on long-term government contracts.
The frequent and large negative swings in working capital suggest that the company is struggling to optimize its cash conversion cycle as it scales its aviation aftermarket business. This pattern warrants further investigation into whether the company's inventory management systems are sufficiently robust to handle the complexities of its exclusive OEM distribution agreements.
As reported in financial statements, VSEC has prioritized inorganic growth through significant net acquisition spending, such as the $346.2 million outflow in 2025Q4, while maintaining modest dividend payments, indicating a management focus on securing long-term competitive moats over immediate cash returns to equity holders.
The heavy reliance on acquisitions to drive the aviation pivot suggests that management is willing to sacrifice short-term liquidity to secure exclusive distribution rights. Investors should monitor the return on invested capital for these acquisitions to determine if this capital deployment strategy will eventually lead to sustainable margin expansion.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying VSEC stock.
VSE Corporation (VSEC) generated $27.0M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
VSE Corporation (VSEC) generated $5.7M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
VSE Corporation (VSEC) spent $21.3M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, VSE Corporation (VSEC) returned $8.3M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.