PSNY
Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC
Auto - Manufacturers
Market Cap$41.99B
5Y Perf.+47.8%
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Stock Comparison
PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO
Revenue, margins, valuation, and 5-year total return — side by side.
RIVN
Rivian Automotive, Inc.
Auto - Manufacturers
Market Cap$17.56B
5Y Perf.-88.1%
LCID
Lucid Group, Inc.
Auto - Manufacturers
Market Cap$2.00B
5Y Perf.-98.9%
TSLA
Tesla, Inc.
Auto - Manufacturers
Market Cap$1.55T
5Y Perf.+7.9%
NIO
NIO Inc.
Auto - Manufacturers
Market Cap$12.28B
5Y Perf.-85.0%
PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO — Key Financials
Market cap, revenue, margins, and valuation side-by-side.
| Company Snapshot | PSNY | RIVN | LCID | TSLA | NIO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industry | Auto - Manufacturers | Auto - Manufacturers | Auto - Manufacturers | Auto - Manufacturers | Auto - Manufacturers |
| Market Cap | $41.99B | $17.56B | $2.00B | $1.55T | $12.28B |
| Revenue (TTM) | $2.55B | $5.53B | $1.12B | $97.88B | $69.42B |
| Net Income (TTM) | $-2.27B | $-3.52B | $-3.36B | $3.88B | $-24.31B |
| Gross Margin | -32.5% | -1.7% | -145.0% | 19.1% | 10.3% |
| Operating Margin | -95.8% | -68.9% | -339.6% | 5.0% | -32.6% |
| Forward P/E | — | — | — | 213.0x | — |
| Total Debt | $5.01B | $6.65B | $861M | $8.38B | $33.82B |
| Cash & Equiv. | $739M | $3.58B | $998M | $16.51B | $19.33B |
PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO — Long-Term Stock Performance
Price return indexed to 100 at period start. Dividends excluded.
PSNY
RIVN
LCID
TSLA
NIO
| Stock | Nov 21 | May 26 | Return |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polestar Automotive… (PSNY) | 100 | 147.8 | +47.8% |
| Rivian Automotive, … (RIVN) | 100 | 11.9 | -88.1% |
| Lucid Group, Inc. (LCID) | 100 | 1.1 | -98.9% |
| Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) | 100 | 107.9 | +7.9% |
| NIO Inc. (NIO) | 100 | 15.0 | -85.0% |
Price return only. Dividends and distributions are not included.
Quick Verdict: PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO
Each card shows where this stock fits in a portfolio — not just who wins on paper.
Bottom line: PSNY and TSLA are tied at the top with 2 categories each (5-stock set) — the right choice depends on your priorities. Tesla, Inc. is the stronger pick specifically for profitability and margin quality and operational efficiency and capital deployment. LCID also leads in specific categories worth noting. As sector peers, any of these can serve as alternatives in the same allocation.
PSNY
Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC
The Income Pick
PSNY carries the broadest edge in this set and is the clearest fit for income & stability.
- beta 0.98
- Beta 0.98 vs TSLA's 2.06
- +17.4% vs LCID's -73.1%
Best for: income & stability
RIVN
Rivian Automotive, Inc.
The Defensive Pick
RIVN is the clearest fit if your priority is sleep-well-at-night and defensive.
- Lower volatility, beta 1.59, current ratio 2.33x
- Beta 1.59, current ratio 2.33x
Best for: sleep-well-at-night and defensive
LCID
Lucid Group, Inc.
The Growth Play
LCID ranks third and is worth considering specifically for growth exposure.
- Rev growth 67.6%, EPS growth 3.3%, 3Y rev CAGR 30.6%
- 67.6% revenue growth vs PSNY's -14.5%
Best for: growth exposure
TSLA
Tesla, Inc.
The Long-Run Compounder
TSLA is the #2 pick in this set and the best alternative if long-term compounding is your priority.
- 28.6% 10Y total return vs PSNY's 99.0%
- 4.0% margin vs LCID's -300.4%
- 2.9% ROA vs PSNY's -62.4%, ROIC 4.5% vs -109.3%
Best for: long-term compounding
NIO
NIO Inc.
The Consumer Cyclical Pick
Among these 5 stocks, NIO doesn't own a clear edge in any measured category.
Best for: consumer cyclical exposure
See the full category breakdown
| Category | Winner | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Growth | LCID | 67.6% revenue growth vs PSNY's -14.5% |
| Quality / Margins | TSLA | 4.0% margin vs LCID's -300.4% |
| Stability / Safety | PSNY | Beta 0.98 vs TSLA's 2.06 |
| Dividends | Tie | None of these 5 stocks pay a meaningful dividend |
| Momentum (1Y) | PSNY | +17.4% vs LCID's -73.1% |
| Efficiency (ROA) | TSLA | 2.9% ROA vs PSNY's -62.4%, ROIC 4.5% vs -109.3% |
PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO — Revenue Breakdown by Segment
How each company's revenue is distributed across its business units
FY 2024
FY 2025
FY 2025
FY 2025
FY 2024
PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO — Financial Metrics
Side-by-side numbers across 5 stocks — who leads on profitability, valuation, growth, and risk.
BEST OVERALLPSNYLAGGINGNIO
Who Leads Where
TSLA leads in 2 of 6 categories
PSNY leads 2 • RIVN leads 0 • LCID leads 0 • NIO leads 0 • 1 tied
Explore the data ↓NIONIO Inc.
0leads
LCIDLucid Group, Inc.
0leads
RIVNRivian Automotive, In…
0leads
TSLATesla, Inc.
2leads
PSNYPolestar Automotive H…
2leads
6 Total Categories
CATEGORYLEADERvs TSLAvs RIVNMETRICS WON
Income & Cash FlowRevenue, margins, and cash flow strength
TSLA4/6
Valuation MetricsMultiples, price ratios, and targets
Tied
—
Profitability & EfficiencyROE, ROIC, leverage, and quality scores
TSLA8/9
Total Returns1Y, 3Y, 5Y total returns with dividends
PSNY4/6
Risk & VolatilityBeta, volatility, and downside exposure
PSNY2/2
Analyst OutlookRatings, price targets, and dividends
—
—
Income & Cash Flow (Last 12 Months)
TSLA leads this category, winning 4 of 6 comparable metrics.
Income & Cash Flow (Last 12 Months)
TSLA is the larger business by revenue, generating $97.9B annually — 87.5x LCID's $1.1B. TSLA is the more profitable business, keeping 4.0% of every revenue dollar as net income compared to LCID's -3.0%. On growth, PSNY holds the edge at +24.2% YoY revenue growth, suggesting stronger near-term business momentum.
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueTrailing 12 months | $2.6B | $5.5B | $1.1B | $97.9B | $69.4B |
| EBITDAEarnings before interest/tax | -$2.4B | -$3.2B | -$3.6B | $9.5B | -$23.0B |
| Net IncomeAfter-tax profit | -$2.3B | -$3.5B | -$3.4B | $3.9B | -$24.3B |
| Free Cash FlowCash after capex | -$1.5B | -$2.5B | -$4.7B | $7.0B | -$16.5B |
| Gross MarginGross profit ÷ Revenue | -32.5% | -1.7% | -145.0% | +19.1% | +10.3% |
| Operating MarginEBIT ÷ Revenue | -95.8% | -68.9% | -3.4% | +5.0% | -32.6% |
| Net MarginNet income ÷ Revenue | -89.0% | -63.6% | -3.0% | +4.0% | -35.0% |
| FCF MarginFCF ÷ Revenue | -57.7% | -45.0% | -4.2% | +7.2% | -23.8% |
| Rev. Growth (YoY)Latest quarter vs prior year | +24.2% | +11.4% | -100.0% | +15.8% | +9.0% |
| EPS Growth (YoY)Latest quarter vs prior year | -115.4% | +31.3% | -44.2% | +11.9% | +7.6% |
TSLA leads this category, winning 4 of 6 comparable metrics.
Valuation Metrics
Evenly matched — PSNY and LCID and NIO each lead in 1 of 3 comparable metrics.
Valuation Metrics
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market CapShares × price | $42.0B | $17.6B | $2.0B | $1.55T | $12.3B |
| Enterprise ValueMkt cap + debt − cash | $46.3B | $20.6B | $1.9B | $1.54T | $14.4B |
| Trailing P/EPrice ÷ TTM EPS | -20.52x | -4.62x | -0.50x | 381.31x | -3.62x |
| Forward P/EPrice ÷ next-FY EPS est. | — | — | — | 212.96x | — |
| PEG RatioP/E ÷ EPS growth rate | — | — | — | 9.84x | — |
| EV / EBITDAEnterprise value multiple | — | — | — | 146.35x | — |
| Price / SalesMarket cap ÷ Revenue | 20.64x | 3.26x | 1.48x | 16.30x | 1.27x |
| Price / BookPrice ÷ Book value/share | — | 3.66x | 2.64x | 17.53x | 6.08x |
| Price / FCFMarket cap ÷ FCF | — | — | — | 248.44x | — |
Evenly matched — PSNY and LCID and NIO each lead in 1 of 3 comparable metrics.
Profitability & Efficiency
TSLA leads this category, winning 8 of 9 comparable metrics.
Profitability & Efficiency
TSLA delivers a 4.8% return on equity — every $100 of shareholder capital generates $5 in annual profit, vs $-3 for NIO. TSLA carries lower financial leverage with a 0.10x debt-to-equity ratio, signaling a more conservative balance sheet compared to NIO's 2.50x. On the Piotroski fundamental quality scale (0–9), TSLA scores 6/9 vs PSNY's 1/9, reflecting solid financial health.
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROE (TTM)Return on equity | — | -69.6% | -193.0% | +4.8% | -2.7% |
| ROA (TTM)Return on assets | -62.4% | -23.5% | -40.0% | +2.9% | -23.7% |
| ROICReturn on invested capital | -109.3% | -36.7% | -98.7% | +4.5% | -55.2% |
| ROCEReturn on capital employed | — | -29.5% | -49.2% | +4.4% | -41.7% |
| Piotroski ScoreFundamental quality 0–9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Debt / EquityFinancial leverage | — | 1.45x | 1.20x | 0.10x | 2.50x |
| Net DebtTotal debt minus cash | $4.3B | $3.1B | -$137M | -$8.1B | $14.5B |
| Cash & Equiv.Liquid assets | $739M | $3.6B | $998M | $16.5B | $19.3B |
| Total DebtShort + long-term debt | $5.0B | $6.7B | $861M | $8.4B | $33.8B |
| Interest CoverageEBIT ÷ Interest expense | -1.73x | -27.31x | -146.67x | 17.04x | -25.29x |
TSLA leads this category, winning 8 of 9 comparable metrics.
Total Returns (Dividends Reinvested)
PSNY leads this category, winning 4 of 6 comparable metrics.
Total Returns (Dividends Reinvested)
A $10,000 investment in PSNY five years ago would be worth $19,900 today (with dividends reinvested), compared to $314 for LCID. Over the past 12 months, PSNY leads with a +1742.6% total return vs LCID's -73.1%. The 3-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) favors PSNY at 69.0% vs LCID's -57.2% — a key indicator of consistent wealth creation.
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YTD ReturnYear-to-date | +0.5% | -26.9% | -45.7% | -6.0% | +14.2% |
| 1-Year ReturnPast 12 months | +1742.6% | +11.6% | -73.1% | +49.1% | +52.9% |
| 3-Year ReturnCumulative with dividends | +383.0% | +2.3% | -92.2% | +139.7% | -29.0% |
| 5-Year ReturnCumulative with dividends | +99.0% | -85.9% | -96.9% | +83.7% | -84.1% |
| 10-Year ReturnCumulative with dividends | +99.0% | -85.9% | -93.9% | +2856.3% | -11.1% |
| CAGR (3Y)Annualised 3-year return | +69.0% | +0.8% | -57.2% | +33.8% | -10.8% |
PSNY leads this category, winning 4 of 6 comparable metrics.
Risk & Volatility
PSNY leads this category, winning 2 of 2 comparable metrics.
Risk & Volatility
PSNY is the less volatile stock with a 0.98 beta — it tends to amplify market swings less than TSLA's 2.06 beta. A beta below 1.0 means the stock typically moves less than the S&P 500. PSNY currently trades 84.7% from its 52-week high vs LCID's 18.0% drawdown — a narrower gap to the peak suggests stronger recent price momentum.
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta (5Y)Sensitivity to S&P 500 | 0.98x | 1.59x | 2.03x | 2.06x | 1.29x |
| 52-Week HighHighest price in past year | $23.49 | $22.69 | $33.70 | $498.83 | $8.02 |
| 52-Week LowLowest price in past year | $0.50 | $11.57 | $5.62 | $271.00 | $3.34 |
| % of 52W HighCurrent price vs 52-week peak | +84.7% | +62.5% | +18.0% | +82.6% | +73.2% |
| RSI (14)Momentum oscillator 0–100 | 56.2 | 38.1 | 34.4 | 59.3 | 44.3 |
| Avg Volume (50D)Average daily shares traded | 144K | 26.7M | 12.9M | 61.6M | 39.7M |
PSNY leads this category, winning 2 of 2 comparable metrics.
Analyst Outlook
Insufficient data to determine a leader in this category.
Analyst Outlook
Analyst consensus: PSNY as "Sell", RIVN as "Buy", LCID as "Hold", TSLA as "Hold", NIO as "Buy". Consensus price targets imply 131.4% upside for LCID (target: $14) vs -24.6% for PSNY (target: $15).
| Metric | PSNYPolestar Automoti… | RIVNRivian Automotive… | LCIDLucid Group, Inc. | TSLATesla, Inc. | NIONIO Inc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analyst RatingConsensus buy/hold/sell | Sell | Buy | Hold | Hold | Buy |
| Price TargetConsensus 12-month target | $15.00 | $18.36 | $14.00 | $450.45 | $6.45 |
| # AnalystsCovering analysts | 5 | 28 | 15 | 81 | 24 |
| Dividend YieldAnnual dividend ÷ price | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend StreakConsecutive years of raises | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend / ShareAnnual DPS | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buyback YieldShare repurchases ÷ mkt cap | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Insufficient data to determine a leader in this category.
Key Takeaway
TSLA leads in 2 of 6 categories (Income & Cash Flow, Profitability & Efficiency). PSNY leads in 2 (Total Returns, Risk & Volatility). 1 tied.
Best OverallPolestar Automotive Holding… (PSNY)Leads 2 of 6 categories
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PSNY vs RIVN vs LCID vs TSLA vs NIO: Key Questions Answered
9 questions · data-driven answers · updated daily
01Is PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO a better buy right now?
For growth investors, Lucid Group, Inc.
(LCID) is the stronger pick with 67. 6% revenue growth year-over-year, versus -14. 5% for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY). Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) offers the better valuation at 381. 3x trailing P/E (213. 0x forward), making it the more compelling value choice. Analysts rate Rivian Automotive, Inc. (RIVN) a "Buy" — based on 28 analyst ratings — the highest consensus in this comparison. The "better buy" depends entirely on your goals: growth investors should weight revenue trajectory, value investors should weight P/E and PEG, and income investors should weight dividend yield and streak.
02Which is the better long-term investment — PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO?
Over the past 5 years, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) delivered a total return of +99.
0%, compared to -96. 9% for Lucid Group, Inc. (LCID). Over 10 years, the gap is even starker: TSLA returned +28. 6% versus LCID's -93. 9%. Past returns do not guarantee future results, and the stock with the higher historical return may already have its best growth priced in.
03Which is safer — PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO?
By beta (market sensitivity over 5 years), Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) is the lower-risk stock at 0.
98β versus Tesla, Inc. 's 2. 06β — meaning TSLA is approximately 110% more volatile than PSNY relative to the S&P 500. On balance sheet safety, Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) carries a lower debt/equity ratio of 10% versus 3% for NIO Inc. — giving it more financial flexibility in a downturn.
04Which is growing faster — PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO?
By revenue growth (latest reported year), Lucid Group, Inc.
(LCID) is pulling ahead at 67. 6% versus -14. 5% for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY). On earnings-per-share growth, the picture is similar: Rivian Automotive, Inc. grew EPS 34. 5% year-over-year, compared to -70. 2% for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC. Over a 3-year CAGR, RIVN leads at 48. 1% annualised revenue growth. Higher growth typically commands a higher valuation multiple — check whether the premium P/E or P/S is justified by the growth rate using the PEG ratio.
05Which has better profit margins — PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO?
Tesla, Inc.
(TSLA) is the more profitable company, earning 4. 0% net margin versus -199. 3% for Lucid Group, Inc. — meaning it keeps 4. 0% of every revenue dollar as bottom-line profit. Operating margin tells a similar story: TSLA leads at 4. 6% versus -258. 7% for LCID. At the gross margin level — before operating expenses — TSLA leads at 18. 0%, reflecting greater pricing power or product mix advantage. Stronger margins indicate durable pricing power, lower cost of revenue, or higher mix of software/services. They are one of the clearest signs of business quality.
06Is PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO more undervalued right now?
Analyst consensus price targets imply the most upside for LCID: 131.
4% to $14. 00.
07Which pays a better dividend — PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO?
None of the stocks in this comparison currently pay a material dividend.
All are effectively zero-yield and should be held for capital appreciation rather than income.
08Is PSNY or RIVN or LCID or TSLA or NIO better for a retirement portfolio?
For long-horizon retirement investors, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) is the stronger choice — it scores higher on the combination of lower volatility, dividend reliability, and long-term compounding (low volatility (β 0.
98)). Lucid Group, Inc. (LCID) carries a higher beta of 2. 03 — meaning larger drawdowns in market downturns, which matters significantly when you cannot wait years for a recovery. Both have compounded well over 10 years (PSNY: +99. 0%, LCID: -93. 9%), confirming both are viable long-term holds — but the lower-volatility option typically results in less emotional selling during corrections. Retirement portfolios generally favour predictability over maximum returns. Consult a financial advisor before making allocation decisions.
09What are the main differences between PSNY and RIVN and LCID and TSLA and NIO?
Both stocks operate in the Consumer Cyclical sector, making this a peer-level intra-sector comparison — the same macro tailwinds and headwinds will affect both.
In terms of investment character: PSNY is a mid-cap quality compounder stock; RIVN is a mid-cap quality compounder stock; LCID is a small-cap high-growth stock; TSLA is a mega-cap quality compounder stock; NIO is a mid-cap high-growth stock. These fundamental differences mean investors should not choose between them on a single metric — the "better stock" depends entirely on which of these characteristics aligns with your investment strategy.
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