Free cash flow generation remains highly volatile, with margins ranging from a low of 2.5% in 2025Q3 to a peak of 8.0% in 2025Q2, complicating capital allocation.
| Metric | TTM | Jan'26 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 428.55M | 446.2M | 412.66M | 349.35M | 360.89M | 344.61M | 454.46M | 366.95M | 295.89M | 297.39M | 356.56M | 327.26M | 313.97M | 270.48M | 216.88M | 134.29M | 306.05M | 236.01M | 94.87M | 214.6M | 151.28M | 113.98M | 123.07M | 87.99M | 122.75M | 70.75M | 70.04M | 0 | 0 |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 8.49% | 8.09% | 6.86% | 7.51% | 7.96% | 10.36% | 8.9% | 7.49% | 7.58% | 9.08% | 8.66% | 8.37% | 7.25% | 7.16% | 4.84% | 11.89% | 9.07% | 3.93% | 10.54% | 8.01% | 6.64% | 7.93% | 6.06% | 9.24% | 5.44% | 4.48% | - | - |
| Operating CF Growth % | 37.99% | 8.13% | 18.12% | -3.2% | 4.72% | -24.17% | 23.85% | 24.02% | -0.5% | -16.6% | 8.95% | 4.23% | 16.08% | 24.72% | 61.5% | -56.12% | 29.68% | 148.77% | -55.79% | 41.86% | 32.72% | -7.39% | 39.87% | -28.32% | 73.51% | 1.01% | - | - | - |
| Net Income | 72.88M | 83.83M | 248.12M | 123.42M | 228.39M | 206.19M | 152.32M | 164.54M | 157.16M | 150.12M | 163.78M | 189.19M | 175.74M | 230.89M | 136.12M | 123.43M | 137.05M | 133.71M | 119.23M | 94.61M | 81.04M | 62.86M | 50.77M | 14.66M | -16.95M | -14.29M | 5.04M | 42.04M | 46.24M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 169.95M | 167.43M | 159.21M | 151.71M | 141.96M | 136.56M | 141.38M | 144.23M | 144.12M | 146.72M | 140.87M | 132.18M | 128.96M | 118.49M | 102.69M | 94.64M | 85.12M | 80.93M | 73.31M | 66.09M | 64.25M | 59.34M | 56.7M | 53.94M | 73.97M | 57.12M | 67.1M | 0 | 0 |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 26.02M | 0 | 29.74M | 26.95M | 25.82M | 21.34M | 12.86M | 7.43M | 8.15M | 16.09M | 18.76M | 15.69M | 18.66M | 15.94M | 10.12M | 13.64M | 13.68M | 11.86M | 10.59M | 15.15M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 47.54M | 0 | 30.95M | -43.34M | 1.45M | 6.78M | -31.15M | 18.61M | 21.66M | -61.31M | -14.46M | 18.29M | 9.24M | 6.49M | 11.45M | -1.7M | 3.89M | 3.31M | 2.81M | -6.08M | -11.64M | 12.41M | 29.81M | 10.33M | 2.89M | -7.5M | -19.33M | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 146.79M | 203.39M | 26.09M | 24.5M | 13.27M | 7.75M | 142.55M | 31.04M | 24.23M | 40M | 42.67M | -3.09M | 7.68M | -40.26M | 2.46M | -36.8M | 11.63M | 67.29M | 3.37M | 3.54M | 8.4M | 24.7M | 17.69M | 21.78M | 56.8M | 25.71M | -16.32M | -42.04M | -46.24M |
| Working Capital Changes | -34.63M | -8.44M | -81.44M | 66.12M | -49.99M | -34.01M | 36.52M | 1.11M | -59.43M | 5.76M | 4.94M | -25M | -26.32M | -61.07M | -45.95M | -58.91M | 54.69M | -61.08M | -114.45M | 41.27M | 9.23M | -45.33M | -31.91M | -12.71M | 6.05M | 9.7M | 33.54M | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Receivables | -22.74M | -4.95M | -4.51M | 5.01M | 0 | -10.6M | -25.02M | 0 | -8.28M | 0 | -7.89M | -16.87M | 7.18M | 1.11M | -64.18M | -283K | 11.48M | -476K | -22.34M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 3.17M | -15.42M | 8.23M | -15.16M | 0 | -9.77M | -1.77M | 0 | -8.42M | 0 | -1.53M | -9.72M | 6.98M | -10.71M | -13.37M | -6.46M | -936K | -3.52M | -4.24M | -3.61M | -844K | -5.37M | -6.13M | -1.73M | 4.38M | -3.76M | 12.08M | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 2.89M | 40.2M | -59.64M | -26.59M | 82.13M | 38.08M | -5.77M | -14.15M | 60.86M | 10.84M | -519K | 14.56M | -9.95M | -702K | 28.53M | -5.19M | 29.55M | -81.7M | -35.81M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -126.77M | -943.15M | -172.67M | -403.81M | -151.09M | -191.44M | -73.99M | -97.09M | -301.81M | -35.4M | -70.05M | -469.81M | -33.31M | -502.88M | -385.44M | -237.94M | -104.3M | -89.61M | -260.8M | -102.87M | -71.72M | -70.45M | -53.81M | 173.12M | -46.86M | -132.61M | -24.61M | 0 | 0 |
| Capital Expenditures | -122.18M | -127.11M | -132.09M | -129.08M | -169.07M | -200.65M | -97.93M | -103.69M | -99.42M | -75.23M | -101.73M | -90.77M | -83.78M | -99.18M | -67.26M | -79.16M | -98.4M | -72.09M | -86.86M | -88.13M | -61.79M | -58.85M | -46.03M | -43.62M | -48.81M | -49.51M | -39.92M | 0 | 0 |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 2.32% | 2.42% | 2.59% | 2.54% | 3.52% | 4.63% | 2.23% | 2.51% | 2.52% | 1.92% | 2.59% | 2.4% | 2.23% | 2.66% | 2.22% | 2.85% | 3.82% | 2.77% | 3.6% | 4.33% | 3.27% | 3.43% | 2.97% | 3% | 3.67% | 3.81% | 2.55% | - | - |
| Acquisitions | 360K | -791.31M | 0 | -276.74M | -9M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -200.17M | 0 | 0 | -390.22M | 7.5M | -415.81M | -318.48M | -169.49M | -8.8M | -24.57M | -170.08M | -1.51M | -887K | -9.87M | -8.6M | -14.53M | -1.02M | -6.51M | -22.07M | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -4.95M | -24.73M | -40.58M | 2M | 26.98M | 9.21M | 23.94M | 6.59M | -2.21M | 39.84M | 25.01M | 11.18M | 41.75M | 12.11M | 298K | -1.92M | 10.04M | 7.36M | -3.86M | -13.23M | -9.04M | -1.74M | 822K | 231.27M | 2.97M | -76.59M | 37.38M | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | -297.59M | 504.05M | -257.52M | -88.15M | -222.17M | -274.78M | -84.04M | -284.12M | 26.09M | -263.27M | -287.82M | 141M | -281.66M | 227.66M | 174.05M | 104.68M | -213.95M | -147.42M | 165.91M | -105.67M | -76.65M | -79.98M | -64.22M | -288.52M | -22.12M | 62.3M | -52.25M | 0 | 0 |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -80.56M | 718.85M | -31.59M | 153.4M | -798K | -83.34M | 88.92M | -116.97M | 178.1M | -138.21M | -53.69M | 248.68M | -168.57M | 310.36M | 267.5M | 196.54M | -112.74M | -40.31M | 259.34M | -61.3M | 1.38M | 61.61M | -3.5M | -249.47M | -17.06M | -1.16M | -4.4M | 0 | 0 |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -3.79M | -5.5M | -22.7M | -45.8M | -34.59M | -9.51M | -783K | -7.05M | -2.49M | 16.64M | -98.67M | 12.76M | -38.92M | -8.82M | -18.73M | -26.6M | -31.3M | -40.53M | -44.07M | -11.21M | -57.25M | -117.94M | -34.11M | -20.5M | 213K | 337K | 4.53M | 0 | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -211.41M | -209.31M | -203.03M | -195.22M | -186.5M | -175.9M | -167.27M | -159.99M | -150.21M | -140.98M | -131.07M | -120.44M | -102.3M | -92.84M | -86.49M | -79.08M | -70.88M | -62.17M | -53.22M | -42.12M | -28.99M | -23.65M | -20.77M | -15.07M | -1.5M | 0 | -52.37M | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -3.79M | -5.5M | -22.7M | -45.8M | -34.59M | -9.51M | -783K | -7.05M | -2.49M | -2.67M | -126.3M | -6.86M | -38.92M | -8.82M | -18.73M | -26.6M | -39.18M | -40.53M | -44.07M | -33.3M | -63.62M | -124.39M | -35.3M | -22.17M | 0 | 0 | -41K | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -1.83M | 0 | -190K | -533K | -282K | -6.02M | -4.91M | -110K | 691K | 18.58M | 23.25M | 18.97M | 28.12M | 18.96M | 11.76M | 13.82M | 8.86M | 3.33M | 3.87M | 31.05M | 5.01M | 0 | -378K | -3.48M | -3.77M | 63.12M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 4.18M | 7.09M | -17.52M | -142.61M | -20.74M | -121.61M | 296.43M | -14.26M | 20.18M | -1.28M | -7.97M | 6.86M | -1.01M | -4.75M | 5.49M | 1.03M | -12.19M | -1.02M | -14K | 6.06M | 2.91M | -36.46M | 5.04M | -27.41M | 57.55M | 435K | -6.82M | 0 | 0 |
| Free Cash Flow | 306.37M | 319.09M | 280.58M | 220.28M | 191.82M | 133.76M | 356.54M | 263.27M | 196.47M | 222.16M | 254.84M | 239.9M | 231.41M | 171.3M | 149.62M | 55.13M | 207.65M | 163.92M | 8.01M | 126.47M | 89.48M | 55.13M | 77.04M | 44.37M | 77.72M | 21.23M | 30.11M | 0 | 0 |
| FCF Margin % | 5.81% | 6.07% | 5.5% | 4.33% | 3.99% | 3.09% | 8.13% | 6.38% | 4.97% | 5.67% | 6.49% | 6.35% | 6.17% | 4.59% | 4.94% | 1.99% | 8.07% | 6.3% | 0.33% | 6.21% | 4.74% | 3.21% | 4.97% | 3.05% | 5.85% | 1.63% | 1.93% | - | - |
| FCF Growth % | -3.91% | 13.73% | 27.38% | 14.84% | 43.41% | -62.48% | 35.43% | 34% | -11.56% | -12.82% | 6.23% | 3.67% | 35.09% | 14.49% | 171.41% | -73.45% | 26.68% | 1946.14% | -93.67% | 41.34% | 62.31% | -28.43% | 73.62% | -42.91% | 265.99% | -29.49% | - | - | - |
| FCF per Share | 1.44 | 1.50 | 1.32 | 1.03 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 1.68 | 1.24 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.27 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.13 | - | - |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 4.20x | 5.32x | 1.66x | 2.83x | 1.58x | 1.67x | 2.98x | 2.23x | 1.88x | 1.98x | 2.18x | 1.73x | 1.79x | 1.17x | 1.59x | 1.09x | 2.23x | 1.81x | 0.80x | 2.27x | 1.87x | 1.86x | 2.42x | 6.00x | -7.24x | -4.95x | 1.54x | - | - |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 35.95M | 34.59M | 27.59M | 52.62M | 35.92M | 36.43M | 32.75M | 34.2M | 26.9M | 24.11M | 26.07M | 26M | 16.11M | 9.59M | 7.47M | 11.28M | 6.03M | 2.79M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 46.38M | 99.12M | 53.04M | 69.4M | 68.76M | 39.12M | 13.7M | 72M | 84.11M | 80.06M | 78.59M | 83.53M | 56.38M | 70.12M | 72.55M | 75.31M | 65.25M | 46.97M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Distributor Model Legal Exposure
As reported in recent financial statements, Flowers Foods consistently generates operating cash flow significantly higher than net income, with the OCF/NI ratio reaching as high as 3.02 in 2024Q4, suggesting that non-cash charges and working capital adjustments play a dominant role in the company's reported cash generation.
The persistent divergence between net income and operating cash flow indicates that accounting earnings may not fully capture the underlying cash-generating capacity of the business. Investors should monitor whether this gap is driven by recurring depreciation of the DSD infrastructure or if it reflects aggressive accrual management that could eventually reverse.
Based on the provided quarterly data, free cash flow margins have fluctuated significantly, ranging from a low of 2.5% in 2025Q3 to a peak of 8.0% in 2025Q2, indicating that the company's ability to convert revenue into discretionary cash remains highly sensitive to operational and seasonal cycles.
This volatility suggests that the company lacks a smooth cash flow profile, which may complicate long-term capital allocation planning. The inconsistency in FCF margins warrants further investigation into whether these swings are purely seasonal or indicative of deeper challenges in managing the cost structure of the DSD network.
According to the cash flow statements, working capital changes have been highly erratic, with a notable $50 million outflow in 2024Q2 followed by a $29.3 million inflow in 2025Q4, highlighting the inherent difficulty in managing inventory and receivables within a fresh-delivery business model.
These frequent shifts in working capital suggest that the company's cash position is vulnerable to inventory build-ups or delays in collections from retail partners. Such instability in the cash conversion cycle may force the company to maintain higher liquidity buffers than would otherwise be necessary.
As evidenced by the consistent quarterly dividend payments of approximately $50 million to $54 million, Flowers Foods prioritizes shareholder returns even during periods of negative net income, which consumes a substantial portion of the company's generated free cash flow.
The commitment to dividends appears to limit the capital available for reinvestment or debt reduction, especially when FCF is under pressure. This rigid payout policy may leave the company with limited flexibility to pursue large-scale strategic acquisitions or to weather prolonged periods of commodity-driven margin compression.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying FLO stock.
Flowers Foods, Inc. (FLO) generated $446.2M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Flowers Foods, Inc. (FLO) generated $319.1M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Flowers Foods, Inc. (FLO) spent $127.1M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Flowers Foods, Inc. (FLO) returned $209.3M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $5.5M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.