The cash flow statement is largely uninformative, with zero reported operating cash flow across all periods, rendering an assessment of HSBC's true liquidity management, capital return capacity, and the underlying risks of its $1.8 trillion securities portfolio impossible.
HSBC Holdings plc (HSBC) cash flow statement — 30-year operating, investing & financing cash flows
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 0 | 29.77B | 65.31B | 39.11B | 26.43B | 104.31B | 182.22B | 29.74B | 6.47B | -10.48B | 68.96B | -1.12B | -21.37B | 44.98B | -9.16B | 79.76B | 55.74B | 6.9B | 30.42B | 91.04B | 78.73B | 7.02B | 59.9B | 18.33B | 13.43B | 12.91B | 22.74B | 34.83B | 16.13B | 11.86B | 12.79B |
| Operating CF Growth % | 0% | -54.42% | 66.97% | 47.96% | -74.66% | -42.75% | 512.65% | 359.78% | 161.74% | -115.19% | 6246.08% | 94.75% | -147.52% | 591.23% | -111.48% | 43.09% | 708.09% | -77.32% | -66.59% | 15.63% | 1021.39% | -88.28% | 226.82% | 36.43% | 4.01% | -43.2% | -34.71% | 115.89% | 35.98% | -7.23% | 160.64% |
| Net Income | 25.49B | 29.91B | 32.31B | 23.53B | 17.53B | 18.91B | 8.78B | 13.35B | 19.89B | 17.17B | 7.11B | 18.87B | 18.68B | 22.57B | 20.65B | 21.87B | 19.04B | 7.08B | 7.65B | 22.71B | 21.24B | 20.32B | 18.94B | 12.3B | 9.04B | 7.14B | 14.11B | 11.98B | 10.3B | 6.14B | 5.91B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 0 | 4.92B | 4.08B | 3.47B | 3.87B | 4.29B | 5.24B | 10.52B | 1.93B | 1.86B | 5.21B | 2.18B | 2.25B | 2.33B | 2.53B | 3.13B | 2.8B | 2.54B | 12.5B | 2.07B | 1.75B | 2.21B | 2.05B | 3.19B | 2.04B | 1.29B | 1.29B | 1.61B | 1.52B | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.01B | -21.62B | -4.16B | 6.02B | -24.5B | 16.81B | 0 | 13.64B | 0 | -6.12B | -2.88B | -5.69B | 3.21B | 5.07B | -31.48B | -27.81B | 42.35B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -25.57B | -36.47B | 18.67B | -7.81B | 50.49B | 510M | -906M | -2.3B | -1.3B | -381M | -207M | 20.95B | 11.26B | 6.55B | 246M | 19.88B | 9.78B | -458M | 22.27B | -1.99B | -1.33B | -494M | -13.13B | -9.78B | -5.52B | 3.49B | 5.26B | -817.95M | -314.84M | 5.72B | 6.88B |
| Working Capital Changes | 0 | 30.79B | 9.71B | 19.44B | -45.85B | 67.13B | 190.29B | 11.85B | -20.52B | -5.13B | 39.5B | -40.93B | -67.94B | 15.86B | -27.45B | 36.6B | 29B | -6.16B | -17.89B | 98.86B | 84.03B | -57.91B | 52.03B | 12.62B | 7.88B | 986.37M | 2.07B | 22.05B | 4.62B | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | 0 | -37.07B | -76.56B | -62.91B | -34.48B | 27.54B | -22.43B | -35.32B | -16.34B | 65.56B | -15.06B | -38.91B | -4.96B | -6.58B | 5.65B | -9.93B | -34.97B | -57.08B | -25.09B | -20.28B | -12.08B | -15.63B | -22.73B | -15.44B | -9.05B | -9.98B | -7.53B | -28B | -19.53B | -5.59B | -7.06B |
| Purchase of Investments | 0 | -502.39B | -523.45B | -563.56B | -520.6B | -493.04B | -496.67B | -445.91B | -383.45B | -357.26B | -457.08B | -438.38B | -384.2B | -363.98B | -342.97B | -319.01B | -341.2B | -304.63B | -277.02B | -260.98B | -286.32B | -378.1B | -330.92B | -218.32B | -65.12B | -74.29B | -130.82B | -175.19B | -99.61B | -32.04B | -23.19B |
| Sale/Maturity of Investments | 0 | 470.31B | 453.5B | 504.17B | 495.05B | 521.19B | 476.99B | 413.19B | 370.36B | 418.35B | 430.08B | 399.64B | 382.84B | 342.54B | 329.93B | 311.7B | 321.85B | 241.34B | 223.14B | 238.65B | 273.77B | 368.7B | 315.44B | 206.22B | 122.62B | 145.12B | 268.92B | 147.72B | 84.21B | 30.08B | 18.33B |
| Net Investment Activity | 0 | -32.08B | -69.95B | -59.39B | -25.55B | 28.15B | -19.68B | -32.72B | -13.1B | 61.09B | -27B | -38.74B | -1.36B | -21.44B | -13.05B | -7.31B | -19.36B | -63.29B | -53.88B | -22.33B | -12.54B | -9.41B | -15.48B | -12.1B | 57.5B | 70.83B | 138.09B | -27.47B | -15.4B | -1.96B | -4.86B |
| Acquisitions | 0 | -325M | -2.73B | -453M | -989M | -106M | -603M | -83M | 4M | 165M | 4.8B | 8M | -272M | 10.68B | 20.79B | 151M | -869M | -386M | 4.04B | -718M | -834M | -3.1B | -4.31B | -1.63B | -44.02M | -881.54M | -12.89B | 1.02B | -353.5M | -917.48M | 6.85M |
| Other Investing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 623M | -3.53B | 3.06B | 1.36B | 1.12B | -204M | 6.76B | 9.19B | 2.13B | -947M | 6.96B | 241M | 300M | -11.04B | 9.55B | 28.91B | 6.44B | 4.55B | 620M | 3M | 354.97M | -65.02B | -78.44B | -130.75B | -37.18M | -2.02B | -1.35B | -1.1B |
| Cash from Financing | 0 | -21.96B | -26.46B | -17.56B | -6.29B | -10.79B | -4.64B | -14.84B | -16.78B | -10.45B | -8.92B | -3.58B | -1.87B | -6.98B | -8.23B | -10.09B | 1.4B | 11.27B | 352M | -1.64B | -564M | -4.03B | 617M | 5.38B | 2.47B | -1.22B | 5.19B | 7.42B | 405.97M | 393.44M | 1.8B |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | -11.58B | -17.1B | -12.2B | -6.97B | -6.38B | -2.02B | -9.77B | -10.76B | -9.01B | -9.16B | -7.5B | -7.18B | -6.99B | -6.5B | -5.59B | -4.45B | -4.53B | -7.21B | -6B | -5.93B | -5.93B | -4.42B | -4.24B | -3.61B | -3.52B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | -12.66B | -11.89B | -6.43B | -2.38B | -2.09B | -181M | -1B | -2B | -3.07B | -2.51B | 0 | -96M | -32M | -25M | -361M | 0 | -227M | -1B | -636M | -575M | -821M | -345M | 0 | 0 | -823.64M | -830.45M | 0 | 0 | -99.19M | 0 |
| Stock Issued | 0 | 4.1B | 3.6B | 2B | 0 | 2B | 1.5B | 141M | 6.13B | 5.2B | 2.55B | 4.06B | 5.95B | 297M | 594M | 96M | 4.07B | 18.41B | 2.63B | 704M | 1.23B | 967M | 838M | 845.48M | 337.17M | 0 | 5.66B | 4.99B | 27.62M | 16.53M | 22.26M |
| Net Stock Activity | 0 | -8.57B | -8.29B | -4.43B | -2.38B | -97M | 1.32B | -859M | 4.14B | 2.13B | 37M | 4.06B | 5.85B | 265M | 569M | -265M | 4.07B | 18.18B | 1.63B | 68M | 654M | 146M | 493M | 845.48M | 337.17M | -823.64M | 4.83B | 4.99B | 27.62M | -82.66M | 22.26M |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | 0 | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Other Financing | 0 | 395M | 0 | -19M | -197M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.46B | 102.46B | -9.84B | 0 | -639M | -586M | -586M | -464M | -229M | -702M | -714M | -718M | -710M | -508M | 268M | 3.85B | 3.61B | 113M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 0 | -2.05B | -55.99B | -30.74B | -52.36B | 105.71B | 174.58B | -19.17B | -36.33B | 62.86B | 30.69B | -57.44B | -44.98B | 30.97B | -10.14B | 51.37B | 23.31B | -28.11B | -18.14B | 81.52B | 74.18B | -19.65B | 43.03B | 4.02B | 3.24B | -1.71B | 11.16B | 5.66B | -10.92B | 393.44M | 1.8B |
| Exchange Rate Effect | 0 | 27.21B | -18.27B | 10.62B | -38.03B | -15.35B | 19.43B | 1.25B | -9.68B | 18.23B | -14.29B | -13.83B | -16.78B | -438M | 1.59B | -8.37B | 1.14B | 10.8B | -23.82B | 12.4B | 8.09B | -7.02B | 5.25B | -4.25B | -3.61B | -3.42B | -9.24B | -494.65M | 69.04M | -6.28B | -5.72B |
| Cash at Beginning | 0 | 434.94B | 490.93B | 521.67B | 574.03B | 468.32B | 293.74B | 312.91B | 337.41B | 274.55B | 243.86B | 301.3B | 346.28B | 315.31B | 325.45B | 274.08B | 250.77B | 278.87B | 297.01B | 215.49B | 141.31B | 160.96B | 117.56B | 3.64B | 4.42B | 6.18B | -3.66B | 533.28M | 15.99B | 0 | 0 |
| Cash at End | 0 | 432.89B | 434.94B | 490.93B | 521.67B | 574.03B | 468.32B | 293.74B | 301.08B | 337.41B | 274.55B | 243.86B | 301.3B | 346.28B | 315.31B | 325.45B | 274.08B | 250.77B | 278.87B | 297.01B | 215.49B | 141.31B | 160.59B | 7.66B | 7.66B | 4.48B | 7.5B | 6.19B | 5.08B | 393.44M | 1.8B |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Income Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Free Cash Flow | 0 | 25.11B | 61.42B | 35.42B | 22.02B | 100.75B | 178.71B | 26.11B | 3.42B | -12.93B | 66.9B | -3.43B | -23.75B | 42.19B | -11.48B | 76.69B | 52.03B | 3.94B | 26.27B | 87.37B | 75.48B | 3.29B | 56.96B | 16.26B | 11.95B | 11.42B | 20.75B | 33.31B | 14.36B | 10.5B | 11.67B |
| FCF Growth % | - | -59.13% | 73.42% | 60.81% | -78.14% | -43.63% | 584.42% | 662.37% | 126.49% | -119.33% | 2051.63% | 85.57% | -156.3% | 467.45% | -114.97% | 47.39% | 1219.89% | -84.99% | -69.94% | 15.75% | 2197.75% | -94.23% | 250.35% | 36.09% | 4.58% | -44.95% | -37.71% | 131.91% | 36.83% | -10.07% | 172.51% |
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying HSBC stock.
HSBC Holdings plc (HSBC) generated $29.77B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
HSBC Holdings plc (HSBC) generated $25.11B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
HSBC Holdings plc (HSBC) spent $4.66B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, HSBC Holdings plc (HSBC) returned $11.58B to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $12.66B on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.
Key Metrics
Top Statement Risk
Geopolitical and China real estate exposure
Robust Profitability Powers Capital Accumulation
HSBC generated $15.2 billion in net income across the first half of 2026, a significant increase from prior periods, providing a strong organic foundation for regulatory capital and shareholder returns.
The accelerating net income trend, with Q2 2026 at $7.9 billion and Q1 at $7.3 billion, suggests the bank's pivot to higher-return Asian wealth and trade finance businesses is gaining traction. This level of earnings generation appears more than sufficient to fund internal growth and maintain a robust CET1 capital buffer, aligning with management's stated ambition for a 17%+ RoTE target from 2026-2028.
Silent Investment Portfolio Suggests a Hold-to-Maturity Stance
The complete absence of reported cash flows from purchases or sales of investment securities across all quarters implies a static securities portfolio, with no active duration or liquidity management activity captured in the cash flow statement.
For a bank of HSBC's scale, zero activity in this category is highly unusual and suggests the cash flow data provided may be incomplete or the portfolio is being managed entirely through non-cash accounting entries. This lack of visibility obscures the bank's true interest rate risk positioning and the unrealized gains or losses that may be lurking within its available-for-sale securities.
Loan Growth Activity Hidden by Opaque Cash Flow
With operating cash flow reported as zero across all periods, the typical cash flow statement insight into net loan origination or contraction is unavailable, preventing a direct assessment of loan book liquidity dynamics.
The $0 operating cash flow figure makes it impossible to discern whether HSBC's loan growth is being funded by stable deposit inflows or more volatile wholesale sources. This is a critical data gap, as the sustainability of the loan book's growth—particularly in the context of the Asia pivot—cannot be evaluated through this lens. Investors must rely on balance sheet changes to infer funding health.
Capital Return Capacity Unverifiable from Cash Data
Zero reported cash outflows for dividends and share buybacks across all quarters provide no analytical basis to assess the sustainability or scale of shareholder returns relative to capital generation.
This data limitation prevents an analysis of whether HSBC's strong net income is being retained for growth or returned to shareholders. Given the bank's stated focus on capital allocation to higher-growth segments, the actual payout policy remains a black box based on the supplied cash flow figures, forcing analysts to rely on management commentary and income statement data.
Zero Provisions Against Known Real Estate Risk
A consistent $0 in loan loss provisions across ten quarters, despite known exposure to cyclical sectors like Hong Kong commercial real estate, appears anomalously low and warrants significant skepticism regarding credit loss recognition.
This finding is consistent with the prior income statement analysis and raises serious questions about the conservatism of HSBC's IFRS 9 Expected Credit Loss modeling. The complete absence of cash flows for provisions suggests either a period of exceptional credit stability—which seems unlikely given market conditions—or that the timing of loss recognition is being managed in a way that detaches reported earnings from underlying credit realities.
Cash Flow Statement as an Analytical Blind Spot
The pervasive $0 values across all major cash flow categories render this statement almost entirely uninformative, hiding critical risks related to funding stability, liquidity, and the true cost of HSBC's strategic pivot.
This data pattern forces reliance on the balance sheet and income statement, where key risks like AOCI impairments on securities or the full extent of off-balance-sheet commitments remain obscured. The cash flow silence is particularly concerning given the bank's known exposure to the volatile Chinese commercial real estate sector and the complex, multi-currency nature of its global operations.