Cash flow generation is erratic, highlighted by a $1.1 billion operating cash outflow in 2025Q3 despite the company reporting $445 million in net income.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 243M | -167M | -2.01B | -2.07B | 3.61B | -217M | 534M | -2.69B | 1.94B | 788M | 1.27B | 2.24B | 2.53B | 799M | 1.27B | 1.28B | 1.72B | 937M | 1.26B | 1.96B | 3.05B | 1.21B | 1.11B | 1.04B | 489.56M | 1.25B | 1.99B | 2.33B | 1.25B | 1.11B | 1.37B |
| Operating CF Growth % | -3752.31% | 91.68% | 3.23% | -157.47% | 1763.13% | -140.64% | 119.88% | -238.24% | 146.57% | -38.05% | -43.29% | -11.2% | 216.15% | -37.04% | -0.55% | -25.81% | 83.56% | -25.58% | -35.6% | -35.9% | 152.48% | 8.77% | 6.38% | 113.24% | -60.93% | -36.89% | -14.88% | 86.73% | 12.37% | -18.93% | -28.59% |
| Operating CF / Revenue % | 1.29% | -0.92% | -11.16% | -17.71% | 19.07% | -1.23% | 3.04% | -15.57% | 11.83% | 5.53% | 9.54% | 16.53% | 18.59% | 6.68% | 11% | 11.99% | 16.51% | 11.02% | 13.65% | 18.66% | 34.03% | 22.06% | 20.68% | 19.76% | 10.56% | 19.65% | 29% | 34.28% | 20.52% | 22.69% | 28.97% |
| Net Income | 1.73B | 1.18B | 3.27B | -752M | 1.36B | 3.78B | 499M | 886M | 1.64B | 2.08B | 1.19B | 1.15B | 1.51B | 1.24B | 1.31B | 221M | 902M | -485M | 57M | 1.22B | 1.32B | 831M | -707.01M | 511.94M | 91.59M | 590.21M | 621.39M | 460.35M | 509.77M | 22.2M | 513.56M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -76M | -76M | -83M | 61M | 1M | 191.16M | 12.31M | 106.6M | 199.02M | 237.01M | 167.17M | 137.51M | 140.5M | 70.75M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35M | 47M | 53M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -2.38B | 700M | -3.61B | 2.04B | -2.88B | -3.41B | 907M | -1.51B | -179M | 1.27B | 739M | 332M | 857M | 95M | 111M | 951M | -43M | 2.14B | 1.22B | -552M | -406M | 797M | 2.88B | 1.83B | -221.69B | 81.08B | 316.29B | -266.12M | 1.01B | -1.41B | -1.76B |
| Working Capital Changes | 893M | -2.04B | -1.67B | -3.37B | 5.13B | -583M | -872M | -2.07B | 481M | -2.56B | -659M | 757M | 154M | -540M | -155M | 104M | 861M | -643M | 24M | 1.33B | 2.03B | -421M | -1.25B | -1.31B | 221.98B | -80.61B | -315.16B | 1.97B | -410.2M | 2.36B | 2.54B |
| Cash from Investing | -5.42B | -4.01B | 821M | -3.33B | -11.65B | -3.58B | -9.48B | -5.5B | -5.82B | -4.19B | -3.67B | -4.22B | -1.8B | -4.71B | -3.86B | -2.13B | -5.63B | -7.85B | 2.57B | -1.96B | -2.27B | 635M | -1.05B | -2.05B | -3.26B | -617.84M | 906.84M | -1.14B | -1.69B | 3.77B | -472.36M |
| Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.82B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -195M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2.29B | -11.8M | 0 |
| Acquisitions | 0 | 0 | 619M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.42B | 0 | 0 | 75M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 321M | 327M | 648M | 0 | 0 | 14.23M | 173.56M | 0 | -195M | 2.04B | 85M | -11.09M | -2.29B | 2.64B | -71.59M |
| Purchase of Investments | -13.42B | -25.59B | -12.83B | -11.76B | -15.48B | -17.67B | -17.16B | -15.76B | -12.96B | -10.51B | -11.41B | -9.75B | -9.01B | -13.42B | -13.51B | -13.98B | -16.64B | -17.79B | -10.31B | -14.87B | -10.52B | -6.88B | -11.26B | -15.32B | -15.51B | -12.95B | -6.83B | -8.96B | -14.7B | -12.87B | -15.61B |
| Sale/Maturity of Investments | 15.17B | 21.46B | 11.76B | 9.79B | 8.2B | 12.27B | 6.95B | 13.51B | 9.85B | 7.68B | 8.56B | 5.94B | 6.57B | 9.76B | 9.38B | 9.91B | 11.01B | 11.49B | 9.78B | 13.14B | 10B | 7.55B | 11.44B | 15.43B | 12.7B | 10.37B | 7.62B | 8.3B | 13.13B | 13.64B | 15.3B |
| Other Investing | -7.17B | 116M | 1.27B | -1.37B | -4.37B | 1.82B | 725M | -3.25B | -1.28B | -1.36B | -812M | -481M | 633M | -1.04B | 265M | 1.94B | -322M | -1.87B | 2.45B | -295M | 86M | -49M | -1.41B | -2.17B | -65.63M | -79.75M | 34.05M | 22.17M | 4.45B | 365.35M | -25.66M |
| Cash from Financing | 8.24B | 7.88B | 3.62B | 5.43B | 8.77B | 4.71B | 8.09B | 8.4B | 4.59B | 2.31B | 1.97B | 1.21B | 834M | 2.04B | 2.31B | 2.62B | 2.47B | 5.17B | 431M | 49M | -1.48B | -1.03B | -106.64M | 1.03B | 1.37B | 532.9M | -2.86B | -1.03B | -916.74M | -2.23B | -1.17B |
| Dividends Paid | -425M | -416M | -398M | -387M | -310M | -319M | -311M | -303M | -289M | -262M | -238M | -204M | -170M | -128M | -91M | -61M | -42M | -79M | -430M | -430M | -385M | -255.09M | -249.15M | -240.35M | -234.62M | -230.13M | -222.66M | -218.43M | -209.02M | -201.93M | -191.22M |
| Share Repurchases | -23M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -550M | -1.1B | -275M | -550M | -900M | -725M | -879M | -900M | -650M | -450M | -492M | -575M | -25M | 0 | -476M | -986M | 0 | -194M | -350.23M | 0 | -474.49M | -503.75M | -210.02M | -377.72M | -46.87M | -327.58M | -32.72M |
| Stock Issued | 825M | 825M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 368M | 652M | 49M | 98M | 166M | 91M | 82.03M | 12.7M | 89.11M | 90.26M | 32.74M | 48.01M | 48.75M | 33.2M | -565K |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | 0 | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K |
| Other Financing | 7.65B | 7.28B | 3.88B | 6.36B | 8.53B | 6.03B | 8.42B | 8.8B | 5.13B | 3.23B | 3.21B | 2.22B | 2.07B | 2.23B | 2.91B | 3.58B | 2.82B | 3.6B | 1.09B | 338M | -2.56B | -692M | 316.03M | 1.43B | 2.27B | 1.67B | -2.31B | -1.33B | -1.36B | -1.72B | -1.03B |
| Net Change in Cash | 3.06B | 3.7B | 2.44B | 22M | 731M | 904M | -855M | 218M | 717M | -1.09B | -424M | -773M | 1.55B | -1.87B | -280M | 1.77B | -1.44B | -1.74B | 4.26B | 43M | -691M | 650M | -49.51M | 20.66M | -1.4B | 1.17B | 31.51M | -537.47M | -1.36B | 2.65B | -341.13M |
| Exchange Rate Effect | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash at Beginning | 9.5B | 5.8B | 3.37B | 3.34B | 2.61B | 1.71B | 2.56B | 2.35B | 1.63B | 2.72B | 3.15B | 3.92B | 2.36B | 4.23B | 4.51B | 2.74B | 4.18B | 5.93B | 1.67B | 1.62B | 2.31B | 1.66B | 1.71B | 1.69B | 3.1B | 1.93B | 1.9B | 2.43B | 3.79B | 1.14B | 1.57B |
| Cash at End | 7.34B | 9.5B | 5.8B | 3.37B | 3.34B | 2.61B | 1.71B | 2.56B | 2.35B | 1.63B | 2.72B | 3.15B | 3.92B | 2.36B | 4.23B | 4.51B | 2.74B | 4.18B | 5.93B | 1.67B | 1.62B | 2.31B | 1.66B | 1.71B | 1.69B | 3.1B | 1.93B | 1.9B | 2.43B | 3.79B | 1.23B |
| Free Cash Flow | 243M | -167M | -2.01B | -2.07B | 3.61B | -217M | 534M | -2.69B | 1.94B | 788M | 1.27B | 2.24B | 2.53B | 799M | 1.27B | 1.28B | 1.72B | 937M | 1.26B | 1.96B | 3.05B | 1.21B | 1.11B | 1.04B | 294.56M | 1.25B | 1.99B | 2.33B | 1.25B | 1.1B | 1.3B |
| FCF Growth % | 125.96% | 91.68% | 3.23% | -157.47% | 1763.13% | -140.64% | 119.88% | -238.24% | 146.57% | -38.05% | -43.29% | -11.2% | 216.15% | -37.04% | -0.55% | -25.81% | 83.56% | -25.58% | -35.6% | -35.9% | 152.48% | 8.77% | 6.38% | 254.41% | -76.49% | -36.89% | -14.88% | 86.73% | 13.57% | -15.38% | 9.84% |
| FCF Margin % | 1.29% | -0.92% | -11.16% | -17.71% | 19.07% | -1.23% | 3.04% | -15.57% | 11.83% | 5.53% | 9.54% | 16.53% | 18.59% | 6.68% | 11% | 11.99% | 16.51% | 11.02% | 13.65% | 18.66% | 34.03% | 22.06% | 20.68% | 19.76% | 6.35% | 19.65% | 29% | 34.28% | 20.52% | 22.45% | 27.46% |
| FCF per Share | 1.24 | -0.9 | -11.55 | -12.23 | 20.9 | -1.15 | 2.75 | -13.29 | 8.85 | 3.48 | 5.37 | 8.8 | 9.43 | 2.9 | 4.41 | 4.05 | 5.39 | 3.28 | 4.85 | 7.14 | 11.91 | 6.86 | 6.21 | 5.81 | 1.56 | 6.55 | 10.28 | 11.66 | 6.15 | 5.29 | 6.16 |
Legacy reserve volatility
According to reported financial data, LNC's underwriting cash flow has demonstrated extreme volatility, swinging from a $1.9 billion outflow in 2023Q4 to a $1.0 billion inflow in 2025Q2, which suggests that the company's core ability to generate consistent float remains highly sensitive to periodic reserve adjustments.
The wide variance in quarterly cash generation indicates that LNC's underwriting operations are not yet producing the stable, predictable float characteristic of a mature life insurer. Investors should monitor whether these fluctuations are driven by structural changes in policyholder behavior or if they reflect ongoing, non-recurring adjustments to legacy liability reserves.
Based on the provided quarterly statements, LNC has consistently engaged in significant portfolio turnover, with purchase activity reaching $9.0 billion in 2025Q4, suggesting that management is actively rebalancing the investment portfolio to navigate interest rate shifts and maintain necessary liquidity for ongoing claims and reserve requirements.
The high volume of asset purchases relative to sales implies a strategy of aggressive reinvestment, likely aimed at capturing higher yields in the current rate environment. However, this reliance on portfolio activity to manage cash flow may mask underlying operational cash deficits, warranting further investigation into the quality and duration of the acquired assets.
As reported in financial filings, LNC experienced a significant spike in claims payments, peaking at $4.4 billion in 2025Q1, which highlights the company's exposure to lumpy, unpredictable cash outflows that frequently outpace the cash generated from premium collections during periods of heightened mortality or lapse activity.
The lack of correlation between premium inflows and claims outflows suggests that LNC's cash position is vulnerable to sudden, large-scale benefit payments. This dynamic appears to force the company into frequent portfolio liquidations, which may be suboptimal if market conditions for fixed-income assets are unfavorable at the time of need.
Data from the last ten quarters reveals a persistent divergence between net income and operating cash flow, exemplified by the 2025Q3 period where the company reported $445 million in net income while simultaneously suffering an operating cash outflow of $1.1 billion, indicating significant non-cash accounting distortions.
This disconnect suggests that reported earnings are heavily influenced by non-cash accruals and actuarial assumptions rather than actual cash generation. Investors should be cautious, as the reliance on accounting-based profit metrics may obscure the reality of the company's cash-burning status in certain quarters.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying LNC stock.
Lincoln National Corporation (LNC) generated $-167.0M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Lincoln National Corporation (LNC) reported negative free cash flow of $167.0M in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
Lincoln National Corporation (LNC) spent $0.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Lincoln National Corporation (LNC) returned $416.0M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.