Cash conversion efficiency is highly volatile, highlighted by a negative $4.1 billion free cash flow in 2026Q1 despite consistent $2.0 billion quarterly dividend payments.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 38.79B | 40.28B | 38.77B | 38.31B | 32.02B | 41.96B | 43.13B | 48.67B | 43.6B | 38.01B | 39.34B | 35.88B | 31.34B | 34.8B | 39.18B | 34.65B | 34.99B | 34.45B | 33.66B | 34.07B | 15.62B | 12.97B | 10.96B | 13.52B | 15.21B | 14.8B | 14.3B | 16.58B | 8.38B | 6.97B | 4.82B |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 32.06% | 31.69% | 31.3% | 26.52% | 31.3% | 25.11% | 26.86% | 25.53% | 23.68% | 24.02% | 24.44% | 23.66% | 27.03% | 30.74% | 27.34% | 28.16% | 28.12% | 27.26% | 28.65% | 24.76% | 29.65% | 26.89% | 33.38% | 35.52% | 32.25% | 27.83% | 33.47% | 18.12% | 16.17% | 19.14% |
| Operating CF Growth % | -14.77% | 3.9% | 1.19% | 19.65% | -23.68% | -2.72% | -11.38% | 11.62% | 14.71% | -3.39% | 9.65% | 14.49% | -9.94% | -11.18% | 13.07% | -0.99% | 1.59% | 2.34% | -1.22% | 118.2% | 20.36% | 18.43% | -18.95% | -11.13% | 2.74% | 3.54% | -13.75% | 97.8% | 20.24% | 44.49% | 19.98% |
| Net Income | 21.41B | 23.39B | 12.25B | 14.4B | -6.87B | 21.48B | 21.48B | 13.9B | 19.37B | 29.45B | 12.98B | 13.35B | 6.74B | 7B | 7.26B | 4.18B | 19.86B | 12.84B | 12.87B | 12.15B | 7.36B | 4.79B | 4.98B | 898M | 5.65B | 7.01B | 1.29B | 4.59B | 938M | 1.47B | 3.48B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 20.66B | 20.89B | 20.58B | 18.78B | 18.02B | 17.85B | 28.52B | 28.22B | 28.43B | 24.39B | 25.85B | 22.02B | 18.27B | 18.39B | 18.14B | 18.38B | 19.38B | 19.71B | 19.88B | 21.58B | 9.91B | 7.64B | 7.56B | 7.87B | 8.58B | 9.08B | 9.75B | 8.55B | 5.18B | 4.92B | 2.24B |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 518M | 0 | 422M | 819M | 463M | 480M | 653M | 451M | 318M | 458M | 511M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | 0 | 1.57B | 3.04B | 2.98B | 7.41B | 1.68B | 1.81B | 4.93B | -15.27B | 2.95B | 4.12B | 1.95B | 6.34B | 1.75B | 2.94B | -3.28B | 1.89B | 5.89B | -240M | -87M | -658M | 614M | 3.42B | 2.44B | 1.93B | 1.09B | 976M | 744M | 134M | 133M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -3.05B | -2.79B | 6.79B | 3.87B | 19.23B | 169M | 4.36B | 15.85B | -2.45B | 4.95B | 2.11B | -803M | 8.75B | 3.55B | 9.78B | 9.61B | 1.67B | -1.36B | 1.87B | 673M | -1.4B | 137M | -2.8B | 1.11B | 567M | -110M | 3.1B | 801M | 12M | -37M | -317M |
| Working Capital Changes | -1.39B | -1.2B | -2.42B | -1.77B | -1.85B | -4.96B | -13.32B | -11.93B | -7.14B | -5.99B | -5.44B | -3.25B | -4.69B | -948M | 1.73B | -464M | -2.64B | 1.56B | -6.64B | -85M | -163M | 1.07B | 594M | 219M | -2.03B | -3.1B | -933M | 1.66B | -1.15B | 477M | 142M |
| Change in Receivables | -2.73B | -1.53B | 123M | -51M | 727M | -1.4B | 2.22B | 2.75B | -1.73B | -2.23B | -1.58B | -535M | -2.65B | -1.33B | -1.36B | -1.13B | -99M | -454M | -1.42B | -1.49B | 519M | -94M | -81M | -154M | -571M | -672M | -1.89B | -731M | -959M | -854M | -412M |
| Change in Inventory | 201M | -460M | -383M | 0 | 1.11B | 0 | -1.64B | 1.52B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | -1.89B | 884M | -810M | -1.76B | -1.11B | -1.57B | 1.64B | -1.52B | 1.6B | 816M | 118M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -25.47B | -18.78B | -17.49B | -19.66B | -25.8B | -32.09B | -13.55B | -16.69B | -63.15B | -18.94B | -24.21B | -49.14B | -18.34B | -23.12B | -19.68B | -21.25B | -21.45B | -17.93B | -29.14B | -18.51B | -8.29B | -974M | -20.75B | -3.1B | -3.33B | -8.39B | -14.4B | -10.58B | -4.55B | -6.22B | -3.44B |
| Capital Expenditures | -28.22B | -20.84B | -20.26B | -17.85B | -19.63B | -32.09B | -15.68B | -19.43B | -63.15B | -20.65B | -21.52B | -49.14B | -21.2B | -20.94B | -19.46B | -20.11B | -19.53B | -16.59B | -19.68B | -17.72B | -8.32B | -5.58B | -20.75B | -5.22B | -6.81B | -11.19B | -13.12B | -10.3B | -5.93B | -5.77B | -3.03B |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 22.3% | 16.59% | 16.56% | 14.58% | 16.25% | 23.94% | 9.13% | 10.73% | 36.98% | 12.86% | 13.14% | 33.48% | 16.01% | 16.27% | 15.27% | 15.87% | 15.71% | 13.55% | 15.94% | 14.9% | 13.19% | 12.74% | 50.93% | 12.89% | 15.9% | 24.37% | 25.55% | 20.8% | 12.82% | 13.38% | 12.01% |
| Acquisitions | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -1.79B | 2.26B | 3.15B | 1.06B | 3.82B | 1.15B | 160M | 165M | 502M | 522M | -386M | 749M | -21.43B | -291M | -199M | -73M | -20.27B | -17.28B | -20.29B | 36M | 4M | 37M | 50M | 3.02B | 1M | 1M | -1M | 2M | 11M | 13M | 19M |
| Cash from Financing | -7.93B | -6.39B | -24.71B | -15.61B | -23.74B | 1.58B | -32.01B | -25.08B | -25.99B | 25.93B | -14.46B | 9.78B | -7.74B | -13.2B | -17.67B | -11.65B | -15.85B | -14.51B | -4.69B | -16.01B | -6.13B | -11.23B | 4.61B | -9.17B | -9.02B | -6.36B | 252M | -6.11B | -3.78B | -670M | -1.63B |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -4.68B | -4.48B | -200M | -191M | -862M | -106M | 455M | -622M | 136M | -463M | -366M | -269M | -1.58B | -12.91B | -12.28B | 237M | 50M | 28M | -5.76B | -8.4B | -2.09B | -2.14B | -232M | -388M | -1.27B | -3.21B | -1.52B | -435M | 596M | 749M | 513M |
| Dividends Paid | -8.09B | -8.18B | -8.21B | -8.14B | -9.86B | -15.07B | -14.96B | -14.89B | -13.41B | -12.04B | -11.8B | -10.2B | -9.55B | -9.7B | -10.24B | -10.17B | -9.92B | -9.67B | -9.51B | -8.74B | -5.15B | -4.26B | -4.14B | -4.54B | -3.56B | -3.46B | -3.42B | -3.29B | -3.13B | -2.97B | -1.76B |
| Share Repurchases | -4.68B | -4.5B | -215M | -194M | -890M | -202M | -5.5B | -2.42B | -609M | -463M | -512M | -269M | -1.62B | -13.03B | -12.75B | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.08B | -10.39B | -2.68B | -2.57B | -448M | -490M | -1.46B | -3.54B | -2.25B | -1.17B | -498M | -102M | -650M |
| Other Financing | -5.08B | -2.23B | -4.03B | -6.19B | 29.94B | -2.55B | -6.52B | 4.15B | -3.93B | 1.98B | -1.62B | -3.68B | -2.22B | 251M | 89M | -424M | -515M | -467M | 151M | -51M | 218M | -3M | 0 | 50M | -56M | 39M | 65M | -33M | -683M | 787M | -24M |
| Net Change in Cash | 5.23B | 15.12B | -3.43B | 3.04B | -17.52B | 11.45B | -2.42B | 6.89B | -45.53B | 45B | 667M | -3.48B | 5.26B | -1.53B | 1.82B | 1.75B | -2.3B | 2.01B | -178M | -448M | 1.19B | 464M | -4.05B | 1.24B | 2.86B | 60M | 148M | -104M | 50M | 84M | -248M |
| Free Cash Flow | 10.57B | 19.44B | 18.51B | 20.46B | 12.4B | 9.87B | 27.45B | 29.23B | -19.54B | 17.36B | 17.83B | -13.26B | 10.14B | 13.85B | 19.71B | 14.54B | 15.46B | 17.85B | 13.98B | 16.36B | 7.29B | 7.4B | -9.79B | 8.3B | 8.4B | 3.62B | 1.18B | 6.27B | 2.45B | 1.2B | 1.8B |
| FCF Margin % | 8.36% | 15.47% | 15.13% | 16.71% | 10.27% | 7.36% | 15.98% | 16.13% | -11.45% | 10.81% | 10.88% | -9.04% | 7.66% | 10.76% | 15.47% | 11.47% | 12.44% | 14.57% | 11.33% | 13.75% | 11.57% | 16.9% | -24.04% | 20.49% | 19.62% | 7.88% | 2.29% | 12.67% | 5.31% | 2.79% | 7.13% |
| FCF Growth % | -45.76% | 5.05% | -9.54% | 65.05% | 25.63% | -64.06% | -6.08% | 249.58% | -212.56% | -2.61% | 234.41% | -230.82% | -26.8% | -29.72% | 35.58% | -5.98% | -13.37% | 27.68% | -14.52% | 124.19% | -1.39% | 175.55% | -218% | -1.24% | 132.36% | 207.74% | -81.27% | 155.66% | 103.82% | -33% | 6.65% |
| FCF per Share | 1.50 | 2.71 | 2.57 | 2.82 | 1.63 | 1.32 | 3.82 | 3.98 | -2.87 | 2.81 | 2.88 | -2.35 | 1.94 | 2.57 | 3.39 | 2.44 | 2.60 | 3.01 | 2.35 | 2.65 | 1.87 | 2.19 | -2.95 | 2.49 | 2.51 | 1.06 | 0.34 | 1.81 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.91 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 0.49x | 1.84x | 3.54x | 2.66x | -3.76x | 2.09x | -8.33x | 3.50x | 2.25x | 1.29x | 3.03x | 2.69x | 4.86x | 1.89x | 5.39x | 8.78x | 1.76x | 2.84x | -12.82x | 2.85x | 2.12x | 2.71x | 1.86x | 1.59x | 2.69x | 2.11x | 1.83x | 2.03x | 1.09x | 1.71x | 1.39x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 7.13B | 7.37B | 7.77B | 7.49B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.62B | 5.7B | 4.82B | 4.1B | 4.3B | 3.71B | 3.69B | 3.88B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 2.46B | 1.6B | 592M | 252M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.01B | 3.72B | 1.85B | 1.53B | 1.99B | 458M | 32M | 3.54B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Capital intensity and debt
As reported in quarterly financial statements, the ratio of operating cash flow to net income has fluctuated wildly, reaching an extreme of 5.20 in 2023Q4, which suggests that reported net income is a poor proxy for the actual cash-generating capacity of the underlying telecommunications business.
The persistent divergence between net income and operating cash flow indicates significant non-cash charges and working capital volatility that obscure true operational performance. Investors should monitor whether this gap reflects legitimate accounting adjustments or an underlying inability to convert accounting profits into tangible liquidity.
Based on the provided cash flow data, free cash flow has exhibited significant instability, culminating in a negative $4.1 billion outflow in 2026Q1, which contrasts sharply with the positive $6.8 billion generated in 2023Q4 and highlights the company's sensitivity to lumpy capital expenditure cycles.
The erratic nature of free cash flow suggests that the firm's ability to fund dividends and debt service is highly dependent on the timing of network investments. This inconsistency may indicate that the company lacks the operational flexibility to maintain consistent cash generation during periods of aggressive infrastructure deployment.
According to the provided figures, capital expenditures reached a peak of $11.7 billion in 2026Q1, representing 37% of revenue, which underscores the massive, non-discretionary nature of the firm's investment requirements to maintain its competitive position in the fiber and 5G landscape.
The high capital intensity relative to revenue suggests that the company is trapped in a perpetual cycle of reinvestment to prevent subscriber churn. This level of spending may limit the firm's ability to deleverage, as a significant portion of operating cash flow is immediately consumed by essential network maintenance and expansion.
As evidenced by the $2.2 billion working capital outflow in 2024Q1 followed by a $1.8 billion inflow in 2024Q4, the company's cash position is subject to significant quarterly fluctuations that appear to be driven by the timing of payables and receivables management.
These swings suggest that the company may be utilizing aggressive working capital management to smooth out cash flow volatility. Investors should investigate whether these fluctuations are indicative of underlying operational inefficiencies or merely the result of seasonal handset inventory cycles and vendor payment terms.
Based on reported figures, the company has consistently paid out approximately $2.0 billion in dividends per quarter, even during periods of negative free cash flow, which suggests a rigid capital allocation policy that may be at odds with the firm's current cash generation profile.
The commitment to a steady dividend despite significant fluctuations in free cash flow warrants further investigation into the sustainability of these payouts. If capital expenditures remain elevated, the company may be forced to rely on external financing to maintain its dividend, potentially exacerbating its existing balance sheet strain.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying TBB stock.
AT&T Inc. 5.35% GLB NTS 66 (TBB) generated $40.28B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
AT&T Inc. 5.35% GLB NTS 66 (TBB) generated $19.44B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
AT&T Inc. 5.35% GLB NTS 66 (TBB) spent $20.84B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, AT&T Inc. 5.35% GLB NTS 66 (TBB) returned $8.18B to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $4.50B on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.