Free cash flow remains highly sensitive to municipal budget cycles, as evidenced by the extreme quarterly volatility in cash flow margins ranging from 9.0% in 2024Q2 to 46.5% in 2024Q3.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 704.65M | 653.54M | 624.63M | 380.44M | 381.45M | 371.75M | 355.09M | 254.72M | 250.2M | 195.75M | 191.86M | 89.01M | 123.44M | 66.09M | 58.67M | 56.44M | 35.35M | 42.94M | 47.8M | 34.11M | 26.8M | 21.19M | 22.16M | 22.54M | 19.84M | 12.74M | -6.44M | 654K | 2.1M | -6.8M | 7.3M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 28.02% | 29.22% | 19.49% | 20.62% | 23.35% | 31.8% | 23.45% | 26.75% | 23.29% | 25.38% | 15.06% | 25.03% | 15.86% | 16.15% | 18.24% | 12.25% | 14.79% | 18.03% | 15.52% | 13.72% | 12.43% | 12.86% | 15.49% | 14.82% | 10.81% | -6.91% | 0.6% | 4.16% | -8.9% | 5.69% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 149.15% | 4.63% | 64.19% | -0.27% | 2.61% | 4.69% | 39.4% | 1.81% | 27.81% | 2.03% | 115.54% | -27.89% | 86.77% | 12.65% | 3.96% | 59.65% | -17.68% | -10.17% | 40.14% | 27.26% | 26.51% | -4.39% | -1.67% | 13.56% | 55.72% | 298.01% | -1084.1% | -68.86% | 130.88% | -193.15% | -54.09% |
| Net Income | 315.73M | 315.6M | 263.03M | 165.92M | 164.24M | 161.46M | 194.82M | 146.53M | 147.46M | 163.94M | 109.86M | 64.87M | 58.94M | 39.1M | 32.99M | 27.56M | 25.05M | 27.01M | 14.86M | 17.5M | 14.36M | 8.19M | 10.13M | 26.4M | 7.99M | 269K | -24.6M | -64K | -8.4M | -3.3M | -61.3M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 149.88M | 138.36M | 152.37M | 170.77M | 159.07M | 135.62M | 81.66M | 76.67M | 61.76M | 53.92M | 50.3M | 19.57M | 14.61M | 13.79M | 12.71M | 10.68M | 10.79M | 9.5M | 12.61M | 11.21M | 10.1M | 10.44M | 11.39M | 9.4M | 8.52M | 10.91M | 9.69M | 11.26M | 5.5M | 2.1M | 4.5M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 150.78M | 151.28M | 122.81M | 108.34M | 102.98M | 104.73M | 67.36M | 59.97M | 52.74M | 37.35M | 29.75M | 20.18M | 14.82M | 11.65M | 7.41M | 6.25M | 6.13M | 5.04M | 3.82M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 69.14M | 43.85M | -30.66M | -73.7M | -87.19M | -13.27M | -7.94M | -6.09M | -5.07M | -29.86M | -28.94M | -7.96M | -3.8M | -1.5M | -215K | -2.92M | -959K | -1.73M | -2.15M | -1.6M | -2.52M | -2.2M | -300K | 4.63M | 3.38M | 1.26M | -4.1M | 546K | 200K | -1.5M | -4M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 17.06M | 24.23M | -5.27M | 8.71M | 15.79M | 13.05M | 9.3M | 10.91M | 2.29M | 4.11M | 4.48M | -43.56M | -17.5M | -27.48M | -7.8M | -2.79M | -839K | 413K | 10.14M | 3.12M | 4.4M | 1.57M | 990K | -22.71M | -1.38M | 361K | 2.07M | -2.76M | 100K | 3.4M | 66M |
| Working Capital Changes | 2.06M | -19.77M | 122.36M | 411K | 26.55M | -29.83M | 9.88M | -33.27M | -8.97M | -33.71M | 26.41M | 35.9M | 56.38M | 30.52M | 13.57M | 17.65M | -4.83M | 2.71M | 8.52M | 3.88M | 463K | 3.18M | -45K | 4.82M | 1.33M | 650K | -1.18M | -9.34M | -4.6M | -7.5M | 1M |
| Change in Receivables | -37.29M | 0 | 14.35M | 8.23M | -51.41M | 17.61M | -10.73M | -65.74M | -53.77M | -35.56M | -30.23M | -28.17M | -8.91M | -7.49M | -6.83M | -8.54M | -1.99M | -6.28M | -11.85M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -47.37M | -27.1M | -19.38M | 3.61M | 34.68M | 29.84M | 27.52M | 7.33M | 8.06M | 7.19M | 10.76M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -5.6M | 600K |
| Change in Payables | -11.82M | 0 | 10.51M | 41.48M | -17.54M | -44.95M | -967K | 7.4M | -2.42M | 878K | 387K | 652K | 1.59M | -574K | -369K | 575K | -1.18M | 1.19M | -870K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -70.35M | -222.49M | -67.61M | -76.96M | -172.53M | -2.09B | -98.32M | -245.01M | -238.25M | -85.39M | -50.72M | -398.46M | -11.55M | -25.66M | -34.74M | -28.81M | -8.69M | -13.66M | -9.55M | -34.27M | -24.33M | 1.82M | -9.91M | -590K | -7.97M | -9.71M | 65.4M | -24.74M | -36.7M | -2.3M | 5.2M |
| Capital Expenditures | -16.92M | -16.02M | -20.54M | -20.52M | -50.15M | -55.61M | -28.47M | -42.04M | -27.42M | -43.06M | -37.73M | -12.5M | -9.34M | -26.86M | -9.1M | -12.28M | -4.93M | -12.35M | -30.16M | -3.85M | -4.32M | -1.73M | -2.27M | -1.8M | -9.72M | -4.45M | -4.85M | -6.54M | -39.5M | -6.9M | -3.6M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.71% | 0.69% | 0.96% | 1.05% | 2.71% | 3.49% | 2.55% | 3.87% | 2.93% | 5.12% | 4.99% | 2.12% | 1.89% | 6.45% | 2.51% | 3.97% | 1.71% | 4.26% | 11.37% | 1.75% | 2.21% | 1.02% | 1.32% | 1.23% | 7.26% | 3.78% | 5.2% | 6.04% | 78.22% | 9.03% | 2.8% |
| Acquisitions | -65.65M | -83.65M | -1.4M | -62.76M | -163.92M | -2.09B | -1.29M | -218.73M | -178.09M | -11.34M | -9.39M | -339.96M | -3.24M | -181K | -25.68M | -17.3M | -9.66M | -2.93M | -23.87M | -9.01M | -12.24M | 0 | -946K | 127K | 0 | -2.75M | -3.07M | -25.95M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -11.94M | -16.24M | -29.23M | -32.48M | 443K | 384K | 314K | -295K | 1.68M | -1K | -121K | 10K | 222K | 291K | -29K | 717K | -178K | 46K | 8.65M | 140K | 44K | -26K | -4.48M | 12.84M | 1.74M | -2.5M | 73.32M | 7.75M | 2.8M | 4.6M | 8.8M |
| Cash from Financing | -1.02B | -160.37M | 22.21M | -311.84M | -344.24M | 1.42B | 114.17M | 88.7M | -63.59M | 39.41M | -138.07M | 136.37M | 15.41M | 32.04M | -18.85M | -28.41M | -34.24M | -21.35M | -46.13M | -7.41M | -6M | -14.85M | -9.94M | -25.42M | -3.4M | -5.98M | -52.02M | 24.95M | 27.9M | 2.5M | 0 |
| Debt Issued (Net) | -600M | 0 | -50M | -345M | -360M | 1.33B | 0 | 0 | 0 | -10M | -56M | 63.87M | 0 | -18M | -42.7M | 34.2M | 26.5M | -8M | 8M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -35K | -2.99M | -456K | -5.1M | -57.09M | 26.27M | 28.22M | 0 | 0 |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -255.96M | 21.99M | 74.84M | 33.16M | 15.76M | 96.89M | 119.79M | 79.12M | -71.65M | 42.37M | -88.31M | 22.52M | -8.14M | 18.29M | 12.44M | -68.25M | -62.61M | -15.97M | -58.03M | -10.45M | -7.62M | -15.88M | -10.58M | -22.43M | -2.38M | 230K | 9.29M | 19K | 209K | 2.5M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -250.06M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -12.98M | -15.48M | -17.79M | -146.55M | -7.47M | -111.84M | -645K | -22.82M | 0 | 0 | -71.8M | -65.79M | -18.26M | -59.85M | -14.04M | -10.53M | -17.68M | -12.52M | -24.1M | -4M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.6M | 0 |
| Other Financing | -168.06M | -182.36M | -2.64M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -5.62M | 9.58M | 8.05M | 7.04M | 6.24M | 49.98M | 23.55M | 31.75M | 11.4M | 5.63M | 3.9M | 2.62M | 3.9M | 3.04M | 1.62M | 1.04M | 673K | 0 | -564K | -1.11M | -4.22M | -1.34M | -533K | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -389.72M | 270.68M | 579.23M | -8.36M | -135.31M | -294.45M | 370.94M | 98.4M | -51.65M | 149.78M | 3.06M | -173.08M | 127.29M | 72.47M | 5.08M | -788K | -7.58M | 7.93M | -7.88M | -7.57M | -3.52M | 8.16M | 2.31M | -3.48M | 8.47M | -2.95M | 6.94M | 866K | 27.9M | 2.5M | 12.5M |
| Free Cash Flow | 687.73M | 637.53M | 604.1M | 327.43M | 331.3M | 316.14M | 326.62M | 212.68M | 222.78M | 152.7M | 154.13M | 76.51M | 114.09M | 39.23M | 49.57M | 44.16M | 30.42M | 30.59M | 17.65M | 30.27M | 22.48M | 19.45M | 19.89M | 20.74M | 10.13M | 8.29M | -11.28M | -5.89M | -37.4M | -13.7M | 3.7M |
| FCF Margin % | 28.89% | 27.33% | 28.26% | 16.78% | 17.91% | 19.85% | 29.25% | 19.58% | 23.82% | 18.16% | 20.39% | 12.95% | 23.14% | 9.42% | 13.64% | 14.27% | 10.54% | 10.54% | 6.66% | 13.77% | 11.51% | 11.41% | 11.55% | 14.26% | 7.56% | 7.03% | -12.11% | -5.43% | -74.06% | -17.93% | 2.88% |
| FCF Growth % | 19.33% | 5.53% | 84.5% | -1.17% | 4.8% | -3.21% | 53.57% | -4.53% | 45.9% | -0.93% | 101.45% | -32.94% | 190.82% | -20.85% | 12.25% | 45.16% | -0.55% | 73.34% | -41.69% | 34.64% | 15.56% | -2.21% | -4.08% | 104.79% | 22.16% | 173.48% | -91.51% | 84.25% | -172.99% | -470.27% | -73.19% |
| FCF per Share | 15.92 | 14.55 | 13.89 | 7.66 | 7.81 | 7.48 | 7.87 | 5.30 | 5.55 | 3.89 | 3.96 | 2.09 | 3.22 | 1.13 | 1.51 | 1.33 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.45 | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.17 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -1.09 | -0.66 | 0.19 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 2.18x | 2.07x | 2.37x | 2.29x | 2.32x | 2.30x | 1.82x | 1.74x | 1.70x | 1.19x | 1.75x | 1.37x | 2.09x | 1.69x | 1.78x | 2.05x | 1.41x | 1.59x | 3.22x | 1.95x | 1.87x | 2.59x | 2.19x | 0.85x | 2.48x | 47.38x | 0.26x | -0.23x | -0.25x | 2.06x | -0.12x |
| Interest Paid | 1.2M | 0 | 3.1M | 19.15M | 21.26M | 17.73M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 1.05M | 0 | 84.2M | 142.82M | 38.49M | 2.21M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Municipal budget cycle volatility
As reported in recent financial statements, TYL's operating cash flow to net income ratio fluctuates significantly, ranging from 0.69 in 2025Q1 to 3.72 in 2025Q4, which highlights a disconnect between accounting profitability and the timing of cash collections from government contract milestones.
The wide variance in the OCF/NI ratio suggests that reported net income is heavily influenced by non-cash accruals and the timing of revenue recognition on long-term municipal projects. Investors should monitor whether this volatility reflects genuine operational friction or simply the inherent lumpiness of government procurement cycles.
Based on the provided cash flow data, free cash flow margins exhibit extreme seasonality, swinging from a low of 9.0% in 2024Q2 to a peak of 46.5% in 2024Q3, indicating that cash generation is highly sensitive to the timing of annual municipal budget cycles.
While the FCF trajectory appears erratic on a quarterly basis, the underlying trend suggests that the company remains a consistent cash generator when viewed over a full fiscal year. The sharp quarterly declines often coincide with periods of heavy working capital investment, which warrants further investigation into the company's ability to smooth these cash flows.
According to recent SEC filings, working capital changes are the primary driver of quarterly cash flow volatility, with swings as large as $124.4 million in 2024Q3, reflecting the complex nature of managing receivables across thousands of distinct municipal and state-level government entities.
The significant negative working capital adjustments in several quarters suggest that the company frequently carries substantial unbilled receivables or inventory-like costs associated with software implementation. This pattern implies that TYL's cash position is heavily dependent on the efficiency of its billing and collection processes within the public sector.
As indicated by the company's recent financial disclosures, TYL has shifted toward significant capital deployment, evidenced by a $250.1 million share repurchase in 2026Q1, which suggests management's confidence in the long-term durability of its cash-generating capabilities despite ongoing cloud transition costs.
The decision to prioritize large-scale buybacks over debt reduction or acquisitions in 2026Q1 may indicate that management views the current valuation as attractive relative to future cash flow prospects. However, investors should monitor whether this capital return strategy limits the company's flexibility to fund future R&D or strategic bolt-on acquisitions.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying TYL stock.
Tyler Technologies, Inc. (TYL) generated $653.5M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Tyler Technologies, Inc. (TYL) generated $637.5M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Tyler Technologies, Inc. (TYL) spent $16.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.