Cash conversion remains highly volatile, characterized by extreme swings in operating cash flow to net income ratios, which ranged from -2.60 in 2024Q4 to 4.18 in 2025Q3.
| Metric | TTM | Oct'25 | Oct'24 | Oct'23 | Oct'22 | Oct'21 | Oct'20 | Oct'19 | Oct'18 | Oct'17 | Oct'16 | Oct'15 | Oct'14 | Oct'13 | Oct'12 | Oct'11 | Oct'10 | Oct'09 | Oct'08 | Oct'07 | Oct'06 | Oct'05 | Oct'04 | Oct'03 | Oct'02 | Oct'01 | Oct'00 | Oct'99 | Oct'98 | Oct'97 | Oct'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 436.5M | 234.4M | 226.7M | 243.3M | 20.4M | 314.3M | 457.5M | 262.7M | 320.9M | 5.6M | 83.5M | 145.3M | 120.7M | 135.31M | 150.61M | 159.99M | 149.86M | 140.87M | 68.31M | 54.3M | 130.37M | 37.45M | 33.69M | 60.14M | 110.92M | 65.8M | 18.93M | 35.3M | 32.06M | 27.75M | 16.73M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 2.68% | 2.71% | 3% | 0.26% | 5.05% | 7.64% | 4.04% | 4.98% | 0.1% | 1.62% | 2.97% | 2.6% | 3.06% | 3.5% | 3.77% | 4.29% | 4.05% | 1.89% | 1.91% | 4.67% | 1.45% | 1.39% | 2.66% | 5.06% | 3.37% | 1.05% | 2.17% | 2.13% | 2.22% | 1.54% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 722.43% | 3.4% | -6.82% | 1092.65% | -93.51% | -31.3% | 74.15% | -18.14% | 5630.36% | -93.29% | -42.53% | 20.38% | -10.8% | -10.16% | -5.86% | 6.76% | 6.38% | 106.23% | 25.81% | -58.35% | 248.1% | 11.16% | -43.98% | -45.78% | 68.58% | 247.67% | -46.4% | 10.12% | 15.55% | 65.86% | 20.88% |
| Net Income | 158.5M | 162.4M | 81.4M | 251.3M | 230.4M | 126.3M | 200K | 127.5M | 95.9M | 78.1M | 62.3M | 54.1M | 75.6M | 72.9M | 62.72M | 68.7M | 63.87M | 55.49M | 45.43M | 52.44M | 93.2M | 57.94M | 30.47M | 90.46M | 46.73M | 32.83M | 44.34M | 39.67M | 33.93M | 27.24M | 21.72M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 27.3M | 0 | 106.6M | 120.7M | 112.4M | 89.9M | 96.4M | 107.4M | 112.5M | 70.1M | 57.5M | 57M | 57.3M | 60.39M | 50.9M | 52.66M | 36.31M | 33.33M | 28.07M | 18.75M | 20.75M | 19.59M | 17.67M | 14.83M | 15.18M | 26.33M | 23.52M | 20.7M | 19.59M | 16.12M | 13.65M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | -700K | -7.4M | 30M | 30.5M | 30.5M | 33.5M | 20.3M | 17.5M | 17M | 13.3M | 14M | 14.2M | 16.3M | 13.28M | 10.24M | 9.19M | 4.07M | 7.41M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | -3.2M | 0 | -24.7M | -4.9M | 67.7M | -48M | -36.6M | 9.7M | -23.7M | -6.1M | -3.7M | 8.1M | 2.2M | 12.48M | 9.77M | 24.23M | 17.65M | 16.19M | 28.16M | 2.34M | 7.16M | -4.46M | -12.26M | -5.26M | -1.34M | -12.14M | -5.52M | -6.54M | -4.52M | -2.66M | -3.56M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 33.6M | 139.6M | 102.6M | -44.2M | -13.6M | 3.3M | 204.2M | 9.1M | 80.1M | -111.5M | 9.1M | 1.3M | 1.5M | -230K | 2.63M | 5.68M | 11.73M | 25.45M | 13.91M | 9.21M | 3.58M | -14.39M | -26.09M | -41.16M | 11.67M | 5.38M | 2.71M | 2.1M | 2.62M | 18K | 1.73M |
| Working Capital Changes | 175.3M | -60.2M | -69.2M | -110.1M | -407M | 109.3M | 173M | -8.5M | 39.1M | -38.3M | -55.7M | 10.6M | -32.2M | -23.5M | 14.35M | -464K | 16.22M | 3M | -60.58M | -27.77M | 6.5M | -14.57M | 23.9M | 1.27M | 38.67M | 13.4M | -46.13M | -20.62M | -19.56M | -18.38M | -16.81M |
| Change in Receivables | 81.1M | -109.8M | -32.6M | -152.7M | -143.8M | -124.5M | 141.4M | -78.3M | 16M | -115.7M | -80.9M | -55.9M | -43.4M | -50.76M | -11.36M | -18.43M | 1.98M | 19.93M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -37.73M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41.4M | 0 | 124.5M | -141.4M | -19.9M | 10.7M | -30.5M | -23.8M | -15.2M | 16.2M | 6.25M | -9.65M | 0 | 0 | -1.06M | 189K | 2.42M | -1.5M | -726K | -229K | 3.08M | -4.08M | -3.22M | -2.22M | -331K | -1.77M | -4.07M | 516K |
| Change in Payables | 59M | 53.1M | -10.9M | -3.8M | -143M | 265.7M | -53.5M | 85.8M | -1.5M | 74.4M | 15.4M | 44.3M | 3.7M | 17.09M | 19.75M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.31M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -382.3M | -115.6M | -171.9M | -62.1M | -241.5M | -740M | -27.5M | -58.3M | -48.1M | -871.8M | -134.8M | 90.4M | -82M | -225.89M | -29.84M | -307.41M | -87.86M | -37.47M | -421.52M | -54.79M | -21.81M | -13.1M | -60.75M | 66.05M | -59.32M | -27.02M | -31.37M | -31.39M | -20.73M | -38.18M | -28.68M |
| Capital Expenditures | -102.5M | -79.3M | -59.4M | -52.6M | -50.8M | -34.3M | -38M | -59.6M | -50.9M | -57.2M | -44M | -26.5M | -37.4M | -32.59M | -28.05M | -22.12M | -23.94M | -18.58M | -34.06M | -22.05M | -14.06M | -17.74M | -11.5M | -11.62M | -59.94M | -16.92M | -18.72M | -19.45M | -11.71M | -13.27M | -10.75M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 1.13% | 0.91% | 0.71% | 0.65% | 0.65% | 0.55% | 0.63% | 0.92% | 0.79% | 1.05% | 0.86% | 0.54% | 0.8% | 0.74% | 0.65% | 0.52% | 0.68% | 0.53% | 0.94% | 0.78% | 0.5% | 0.69% | 0.48% | 0.51% | 2.73% | 0.87% | 1.04% | 1.19% | 0.78% | 1.06% | 0.99% |
| Acquisitions | -400K | 0 | -114.3M | 0 | -194.6M | -710.2M | 5.5M | 1.3M | -2.3M | -818.1M | -96M | -19.2M | -48.2M | -199.33M | -5.96M | -290.25M | -65.43M | -21.05M | -422.88M | -10.31M | -10M | -26.88M | -54.15M | -40.57M | 0 | -23.4M | -14.19M | -10.98M | 0 | -28.61M | -13.04M |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -259.4M | 400K | 1.8M | 2.9M | 6M | 4.5M | 5.5M | -58.3M | 2.2M | 3.5M | -35.7M | 136.1M | 3.6M | -26.56M | 4.18M | -17.16M | 1.51M | 2.17M | 35.42M | 2.56M | 2.25M | 34.02M | 796K | 114.76M | 621K | 13.3M | 1.16M | -963K | -9.51M | 3.7M | -4.88M |
| Cash from Financing | -19.1M | -80.2M | -61.5M | -186.3M | 235.5M | 92.4M | -94.1M | -184.8M | -295.8M | 874M | 52.6M | -216.9M | -34.6M | 79.75M | -103.78M | 134.44M | -56.71M | -95.99M | 217.73M | 2.69M | -31.34M | -30.93M | -20.52M | -34.66M | -35.23M | -37.72M | 12.31M | -3.62M | -11.27M | 10.65M | 11.67M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 300.2M | 221.3M | 17.3M | 19.2M | 380.6M | 142.8M | -86.5M | -143.9M | -245.5M | 922M | 109.1M | -164.2M | -500K | 96.4M | -84.97M | 159.5M | -39.94M | -75.6M | 228.38M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -11.82M | -41.81M | 18.86M | -2.2M | -15.71M | 10.5M | 10.89M |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -195.6M | -122.2M | -56.1M | -148.6M | -97.5M | -8.1M | -5.1M | 0 | -1M | -7.9M | -46.6M | -31.4M | -20M | 13.3M | 12.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.5M | -9.77M | -10.18M | -1.04M | -16.03M | -5.68M | 20.29M | 7.99M | 11.8M | 15.15M | 8.8M | 8.02M |
| Dividends Paid | -66.9M | -65.6M | -56.5M | -57.5M | -51.9M | -51M | -49.3M | -47.7M | -46M | -39.5M | -36.9M | -36M | -34.6M | -32.87M | -31.31M | -29.74M | -28.15M | -26.73M | -25.27M | -23.8M | -21.58M | -20.74M | -19.48M | -18.64M | -17.73M | -16.2M | -14.54M | -13.05M | -10.71M | -8.6M | -7.24M |
| Share Repurchases | -195.6M | -122.2M | -56.1M | -138.1M | -97.5M | -8.1M | -5.1M | -1.3M | -1M | -7.9M | -46.6M | -31.4M | -20M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -25.96M | -31.32M | -11.07M | -30.35M | -23.63M | -6.4M | -8.39M | -5.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -56.8M | -113.7M | 33.8M | 600K | 4.3M | 8.7M | 46.8M | 6.8M | -3.3M | -600K | 27M | 14.7M | 20.5M | 2.96M | 0 | 4.69M | 11.38M | 6.33M | 14.62M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -161K | 0 | -54K | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | 36.2M | 39.5M | -4.9M | -3.5M | 10.2M | -331.4M | 335.7M | 19.4M | -23.7M | 9.3M | 500K | 18.8M | 4.1M | -10.82M | 16.99M | -12.98M | 5.29M | 7.41M | -135.48M | 2.19M | 77.21M | -6.58M | -47.58M | 91.53M | 16.38M | 1.05M | -139K | 295K | 61K | 216K | -273K |
| Free Cash Flow | 334M | 155.1M | 167.3M | 190.7M | -30.4M | 280M | 419.5M | 203.1M | 270M | -51.6M | 39.5M | 118.8M | 83.3M | 102.72M | 122.56M | 137.87M | 125.92M | 122.29M | 34.24M | 32.25M | 116.3M | 19.71M | 22.19M | 48.52M | 50.98M | 48.87M | 208K | 15.85M | 20.35M | 14.47M | 5.98M |
| FCF Margin % | 3.69% | 1.77% | 2% | 2.36% | -0.39% | 4.5% | 7.01% | 3.13% | 4.19% | -0.95% | 0.77% | 2.43% | 1.79% | 2.32% | 2.85% | 3.25% | 3.6% | 3.51% | 0.95% | 1.13% | 4.16% | 0.76% | 0.92% | 2.14% | 2.33% | 2.51% | 0.01% | 0.97% | 1.35% | 1.16% | 0.55% |
| FCF Growth % | 1284.4% | -7.29% | -12.27% | 727.3% | -110.86% | -33.25% | 106.55% | -24.78% | 623.26% | -230.63% | -66.75% | 42.62% | -18.91% | -16.19% | -11.1% | 9.49% | 2.97% | 257.11% | 6.19% | -72.27% | 489.98% | -11.17% | -54.26% | -4.82% | 4.31% | 23397.12% | -98.69% | -22.08% | 40.56% | 142.14% | 65.41% |
| FCF per Share | 5.65 | 2.47 | 2.63 | 2.88 | -0.45 | 4.12 | 6.23 | 3.04 | 4.07 | -0.89 | 0.69 | 2.07 | 1.46 | 1.83 | 2.23 | 2.55 | 2.36 | 2.36 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 2.34 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.15 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 2.11x | 1.44x | 2.79x | 0.97x | 0.09x | 2.49x | 1525.00x | 2.06x | 3.28x | 1.47x | 1.46x | 1.90x | 1.60x | 1.86x | 2.40x | 2.34x | 2.34x | 2.59x | 1.50x | 1.04x | 1.40x | 0.65x | 1.11x | 0.66x | 2.37x | 2.00x | 0.43x | 0.89x | 0.94x | 1.02x | 0.77x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28.9M | 14.3M | 32.9M | 39.9M | 0 | 8.1M | 4.4M | 6M | 6.2M | 7.7M | 5.3M | 10.05M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46.4M | 93.5M | 82.2M | 20.6M | 0 | 11.8M | 12.6M | 23.7M | 32.9M | 18.7M | 15.5M | 9.65M | 108K | 1.43M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Working capital volatility
As reported in recent financial filings, ABM's operating cash flow to net income ratio has exhibited extreme volatility, ranging from a negative 2.60 in 2024Q4 to a high of 4.18 in 2025Q3, indicating that reported earnings are frequently decoupled from actual cash generation capabilities.
The significant variance between net income and operating cash flow suggests that non-cash charges and timing differences in accruals play a disproportionate role in the company's bottom line. Investors should monitor whether this instability reflects structural difficulties in collecting receivables or merely the inherent lumpiness of project-based technical service contracts.
Based on the provided quarterly data, ABM's free cash flow margin has fluctuated wildly, swinging from a negative 5.8% in 2025Q1 to a peak of 6.7% in 2025Q3, which highlights the difficulty in maintaining consistent cash conversion within a labor-intensive, low-margin business model.
The erratic trajectory of free cash flow suggests that the company's ability to self-fund operations is highly sensitive to working capital swings rather than steady operational performance. This inconsistency warrants further investigation into whether the recent focus on technical solutions is creating a more predictable cash profile or introducing new volatility.
According to the company's cash flow statements, working capital changes have been the primary driver of liquidity, with a massive $186.4 million outflow in 2025Q1 followed by a $98.5 million inflow in 2025Q3, underscoring the high sensitivity of ABM's cash position to timing.
These dramatic shifts in working capital suggest that the company's cash flow is heavily dependent on the timing of client payments and the management of labor-related accruals. Such fluctuations may indicate that the company is acting as a financing vehicle for its clients, which could pose liquidity risks during periods of economic stress.
As indicated by the quarterly data, ABM's capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has remained relatively stable, averaging approximately 0.9% over the last ten quarters, suggesting that the business model requires minimal ongoing investment to maintain its existing service infrastructure.
The low capital intensity reflects the service-oriented nature of the business, where the primary asset is the labor force rather than heavy machinery. However, the recent uptick in capital spending in 2026Q2 to 1.9% of revenue may suggest an increased commitment to the ELEVATE technology program, which requires careful monitoring for tangible returns.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying ABM stock.
ABM Industries Incorporated (ABM) generated $234.4M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
ABM Industries Incorporated (ABM) generated $155.1M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
ABM Industries Incorporated (ABM) spent $79.3M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, ABM Industries Incorporated (ABM) returned $65.6M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $122.2M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.