| Name | Market Cap | Current Price | P/E Ratio | Revenue Growth 1Y | Net Margin | ROE | FCF Yield | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXPEExpedia Group, Inc. | 34.43B | 294.28 | 32.88 | 6.64% | 9.66% | 53.53% | 6.76% | 2.33 |
| BKNGBooking Holdings Inc. | 167.39B | 5193.06 | 30.07 | 11.11% | 19.37% | 4.72% |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales/Revenue | 6.67B | 8.77B | 10.06B | 11.22B | 12.07B | 5.2B | 8.6B | 11.67B | 12.84B | 13.69B |
| Revenue Growth % | 0.16% | 0.31% | 0.15% | 0.12% | 0.08% | -0.57% | 0.65% | 0.36% | 0.1% | 0.07% |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 1.31B | 1.6B | 1.76B | 1.97B | 2.07B | 1.68B | 1.52B | 1.66B | 1.57B | 1.44B |
| COGS % of Revenue | 0.2% | 0.18% | 0.17% | 0.18% | 0.17% | 0.32% | 0.18% | 0.14% | 0.12% | 0.11% |
| Gross Profit | 5.36B | 7.18B | 8.3B | 9.26B | 10B | 3.52B | 7.08B | 10.01B | 11.27B | 12.25B |
| Gross Margin % | 0.8% | 0.82% | 0.83% | 0.82% | 0.83% | 0.68% | 0.82% | 0.86% | 0.88% | 0.89% |
| Gross Profit Growth % | 0.17% | 0.34% | 0.16% | 0.11% | 0.08% | -0.65% | 1.01% | 0.41% | 0.13% | 0.09% |
| Operating Expenses | 4.95B | 6.6B | 7.64B | 8.47B | 9.1B | 5.05B | 6.89B | 8.93B | 10.23B | 10.93B |
| OpEx % of Revenue | 0.74% | 0.75% | 0.76% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.97% | 0.8% | 0.76% | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Selling, General & Admin | 3.95B | 5.05B | 5.97B | 6.58B | 6.87B | 3.12B | 4.93B | 6.85B | 7.63B | 8.43B |
| SG&A % of Revenue | 0.59% | 0.58% | 0.59% | 0.59% | 0.57% | 0.6% | 0.57% | 0.59% | 0.59% | 0.62% |
| Research & Development | 830.24M | 1.24B | 1.39B | 1.62B | 1.26B | 1.01B | 1.07B | 1.18B | 1.36B | 1.31B |
| R&D % of Revenue | 0.12% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.1% | 0.19% | 0.12% | 0.1% | 0.11% | 0.1% |
| Other Operating Expenses | 113.09M | -31.68M | -60.8M | -110M | 968M | 920M | 890M | 896M | 1.24B | 1.18B |
| Operating Income | 413.57M | 461.7M | 625.14M | 714M | 903M | -1.53B | 186M | 1.08B | 1.03B | 1.32B |
| Operating Margin % | 0.06% | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.06% | 0.07% | -0.29% | 0.02% | 0.09% | 0.08% | 0.1% |
| Operating Income Growth % | -0.2% | 0.12% | 0.35% | 0.14% | 0.26% | -2.69% | 1.12% | 4.83% | -0.05% | 0.28% |
| EBITDA | 913.91M | 1.26B | 1.51B | 1.67B | 1.81B | -634M | 1B | 1.88B | 1.84B | 2.16B |
| EBITDA Margin % | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.15% | -0.12% | 0.12% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.16% |
| EBITDA Growth % | 0.06% | 0.37% | 0.21% | 0.1% | 0.08% | -1.35% | 2.58% | 0.88% | -0.02% | 0.17% |
| D&A (Non-Cash Add-back) | 500.35M | 794.2M | 889.54M | 959M | 910M | 893M | 814M | 792M | 807M | 838M |
| EBIT | 1.05B | 449.75M | 598.48M | 675M | 948M | -2.79B | 313M | 815M | 1.26B | 1.79B |
| Net Interest Income | -109.5M | -153M | -148M | -119M | -114M | -342M | -342M | -217M | -38M | -11M |
| Interest Income | 16.7M | 19.73M | 34.14M | 71M | 59M | 18M | 9M | 60M | 207M | 235M |
| Interest Expense | 126.19M | 173.15M | 181.71M | 190M | 173M | 360M | 351M | 277M | 245M | 246M |
| Other Income/Expense | 512.4M | -303.4M | -209.24M | -229M | -128M | -1.62B | -224M | -547M | -15M | 223M |
| Pretax Income | 925.96M | 276.6M | 416.76M | 485M | 775M | -3.15B | -38M | 538M | 1.02B | 1.54B |
| Pretax Margin % | 0.14% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.06% | -0.61% | -0% | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.11% |
| Income Tax | 203.21M | 15.31M | 45.41M | 87M | 203M | -423M | -53M | 195M | 330M | 318M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 0.83% | 1.02% | 0.91% | 0.84% | 0.73% | 0.83% | -0.32% | 0.65% | 0.78% | 0.8% |
| Net Income | 764.47M | 281.85M | 377.96M | 406M | 565M | -2.61B | 12M | 352M | 797M | 1.23B |
| Net Margin % | 0.11% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.05% | -0.5% | 0% | 0.03% | 0.06% | 0.09% |
| Net Income Growth % | 0.92% | -0.63% | 0.34% | 0.07% | 0.39% | -5.62% | 1% | 28.33% | 1.26% | 0.55% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 722.75M | 261M | 372M | 398M | 572M | -2.73B | 15M | 343M | 688M | 1.22B |
| Discontinued Operations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minority Interest | 723.85M | 1.56B | 1.63B | 1.58B | 1.57B | 1.49B | 1.5B | 1.45B | 1.25B | 1.24B |
| EPS (Diluted) | 5.70 | 1.82 | 2.42 | 2.66 | 3.77 | -19.00 | -1.80 | 2.18 | 5.31 | 8.95 |
| EPS Growth % | 0.91% | -0.68% | 0.33% | 0.1% | 0.42% | -6.04% | 0.91% | 2.21% | 1.44% | 0.69% |
| EPS (Basic) | 5.87 | 1.87 | 2.49 | 2.71 | 3.84 | -19.00 | -1.80 | 2.25 | 5.50 | 9.39 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 134.02M | 154.52M | 156.38M | 152.89M | 149.88M | 141.41M | 149.73M | 161.75M | 150.23M | 137.92M |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 130.16M | 150.37M | 151.62M | 149.96M | 147.19M | 141.41M | 149.73M | 156.67M | 144.97M | 131.43M |
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 0.14% | 0.53% | 0.47% | 0.46% | 0.35% | - | 5.58% | - | - | - |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Current Assets | 2.98B | 3.45B | 5.54B | 5.2B | 7.74B | 5.63B | 8.18B | 8.79B | 9.23B | 9.81B |
| Cash & Short-Term Investments | 1.71B | 1.87B | 3.31B | 2.47B | 3.84B | 3.39B | 4.31B | 4.14B | 4.25B | 4.48B |
| Cash Only | 1.68B | 1.8B | 2.85B | 2.44B | 3.31B | 3.36B | 4.11B | 4.1B | 4.22B | 4.18B |
| Short-Term Investments | 33.74M | 72.31M | 468.51M | 28M | 526M | 24M | 200M | 48M | 28M | 300M |
| Accounts Receivable | 1.1B | 1.36B | 1.89B | 2.17B | 2.59B | 821M | 1.35B | 2.12B | 2.83B | 3.25B |
| Days Sales Outstanding | 59.97 | 56.69 | 68.45 | 70.74 | 78.46 | 57.64 | 57.27 | 66.26 | 80.54 | 86.7 |
| Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Days Inventory Outstanding | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Current Assets | 11.32M | 18.73M | 69M | 259M | 779M | 772M | 1.69B | 2.53B | 2.14B | 2.08B |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 12.53B | 12.33B | 12.98B | 12.84B | 13.68B | 13.06B | 13.37B | 12.77B | 12.41B | 12.57B |
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 1.06B | 1.39B | 1.58B | 1.88B | 2.81B | 2.83B | 2.59B | 2.57B | 2.72B | 2.72B |
| Fixed Asset Turnover | 6.27x | 6.29x | 6.39x | 5.98x | 4.30x | 1.84x | 3.32x | 4.53x | 4.73x | 5.04x |
| Goodwill | 7.99B | 7.94B | 8.23B | 8.12B | 8.13B | 7.38B | 7.17B | 7.14B | 6.85B | 6.84B |
| Intangible Assets | 2.79B | 2.45B | 2.31B | 1.99B | 1.8B | 1.51B | 1.39B | 1.21B | 1.02B | 817M |
| Long-Term Investments | 642.8M | 520.06M | 845M | 778M | 796M | 671M | 1.45B | 1.18B | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.24B | 1.7B |
| Total Assets | 15.5B | 15.78B | 18.52B | 18.03B | 21.42B | 18.69B | 21.55B | 21.56B | 21.64B | 22.39B |
| Asset Turnover | 0.43x | 0.56x | 0.54x | 0.62x | 0.56x | 0.28x | 0.40x | 0.54x | 0.59x | 0.61x |
| Asset Growth % | 0.72% | 0.02% | 0.17% | -0.03% | 0.19% | -0.13% | 0.15% | 0% | 0% | 0.03% |
| Total Current Liabilities | 5.93B | 6.13B | 7.88B | 8.06B | 10.71B | 5.41B | 9.45B | 10.78B | 11.78B | 13.61B |
| Accounts Payable | 1.82B | 2.09B | 2.54B | 2.49B | 2.83B | 1.1B | 2.02B | 2.66B | 3.12B | 3.07B |
| Days Payables Outstanding | 506 | 476.93 | 526.97 | 461.96 | 499.45 | 238.55 | 484.67 | 585.06 | 723.5 | 776.54 |
| Short-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 500M | 0 | 749M | 0 | 735M | 0 | 0 | 1.04B |
| Deferred Revenue (Current) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Other Current Liabilities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Current Ratio | 0.50x | 0.56x | 0.70x | 0.64x | 0.72x | 1.04x | 0.87x | 0.82x | 0.78x | 0.72x |
| Quick Ratio | 0.50x | 0.56x | 0.70x | 0.64x | 0.72x | 1.04x | 0.87x | 0.82x | 0.78x | 0.72x |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 3.99B | 3.96B | 4.49B | 4.29B | 5.17B | 9.26B | 8.55B | 7.05B | 7.07B | 5.98B |
| Long-Term Debt | 3.18B | 3.16B | 3.75B | 3.72B | 4.19B | 8.22B | 7.71B | 6.24B | 6.25B | 5.22B |
| Capital Lease Obligations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 532M | 513M | 360M | 312M | 314M | 265M |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 473.84M | 484.97M | 328.6M | 69M | 56M | 67M | 58M | 52M | 33M | 19M |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 314.43M | 312.94M | 408M | 506M | 389M | 462M | 413M | 451M | 473M | 471M |
| Total Liabilities | 9.92B | 10.08B | 12.36B | 12.35B | 15.88B | 14.66B | 18B | 17.83B | 18.86B | 19.59B |
| Total Debt | 3.18B | 3.16B | 4.25B | 3.72B | 5.47B | 8.73B | 8.81B | 6.55B | 6.57B | 6.53B |
| Net Debt | 1.51B | 1.36B | 1.4B | 1.27B | 2.15B | 5.37B | 4.7B | 2.46B | 2.34B | 2.35B |
| Debt / Equity | 0.57x | 0.55x | 0.69x | 0.65x | 0.99x | 2.17x | 2.48x | 1.76x | 2.36x | 2.33x |
| Debt / EBITDA | 3.48x | 2.52x | 2.81x | 2.22x | 3.02x | - | 8.81x | 3.49x | 3.57x | 3.03x |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 1.65x | 1.08x | 0.93x | 0.76x | 1.19x | - | 4.70x | 1.31x | 1.27x | 1.09x |
| Interest Coverage | 3.28x | 2.67x | 3.44x | 3.76x | 5.22x | -4.24x | 0.53x | 3.92x | 4.22x | 5.36x |
| Total Equity | 5.59B | 5.69B | 6.15B | 5.68B | 5.54B | 4.03B | 3.55B | 3.73B | 2.79B | 2.8B |
| Equity Growth % | 1.28% | 0.02% | 0.08% | -0.08% | -0.03% | -0.27% | -0.12% | 0.05% | -0.25% | 0% |
| Book Value per Share | 41.70 | 36.84 | 39.33 | 37.16 | 36.94 | 28.47 | 23.72 | 23.05 | 18.55 | 20.29 |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 4.86B | 4.13B | 4.52B | 4.1B | 3.97B | 2.53B | 2.06B | 2.28B | 1.53B | 1.56B |
| Common Stock | 23K | 23K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Retained Earnings | 507.67M | 129.03M | 331.08M | 517M | 879M | -1.78B | -1.76B | -1.41B | -632M | 602M |
| Treasury Stock | -4.05B | -4.51B | -4.82B | -5.74B | -9.67B | -10.1B | -10.26B | -10.87B | -13.02B | -14.86B |
| Accumulated OCI | -284.89M | -280.4M | -148.93M | -220M | -217M | -178M | -149M | -234M | -209M | -232M |
| Minority Interest | 723.85M | 1.56B | 1.63B | 1.58B | 1.57B | 1.49B | 1.5B | 1.45B | 1.25B | 1.24B |
| Dec 2015 | Dec 2016 | Dec 2017 | Dec 2018 | Dec 2019 | Dec 2020 | Dec 2021 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2023 | Dec 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 1.37B | 1.56B | 1.8B | 1.98B | 2.77B | -3.83B | 3.75B | 3.44B | 2.69B | 3.08B |
| Operating CF Margin % | 0.21% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.23% | -0.74% | 0.44% | 0.29% | 0.21% | 0.23% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 0% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.1% | 0.4% | -2.39% | 1.98% | -0.08% | -0.22% | 0.15% |
| Net Income | 722.75M | 261.29M | 371.36M | 398M | 572M | -2.73B | 15M | 343M | 797M | 1.22B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 500.35M | 794.2M | 889.54M | 1B | 910M | 1.07B | 814M | 792M | 807M | 838M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 178.07M | 242.42M | 149.35M | 203M | 241M | 205M | 418M | 374M | 413M | 458M |
| Deferred Taxes | -21.64M | -14.09M | -103.31M | -308M | -91M | -488M | -145M | 70M | 62M | 74M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -536.04M | 111.79M | -100.49M | 299M | -56M | 1.01B | 26M | 600M | 340M | 72M |
| Working Capital Changes | 524.56M | 168.73M | 592.7M | 382M | 1.19B | -2.9B | 2.62B | 1.26B | 271M | 419M |
| Change in Receivables | -198.26M | -276.15M | -455.67M | -282M | -368M | 1.78B | -721M | -838M | -741M | -467M |
| Change in Inventory | 97.7M | -30.2M | -116.77M | -29M | -193M | -188M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 291.71M | 263.6M | 572.72M | 62M | 478M | -1.72B | 913M | 571M | 433M | -21M |
| Cash from Investing | -2.37B | -718.32M | -1.58B | -559M | -1.55B | -263M | -931M | -580M | -800M | -1.26B |
| Capital Expenditures | -787.04M | -749.35M | -710.33M | -878M | -1.16B | -797M | -673M | -662M | -846M | -756M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0.12% | 0.09% | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.1% | 0.15% | 0.08% | 0.06% | 0.07% | 0.06% |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 11.73M | 2.22M | 7.2M | 38M | 21M | -739M | -20M | -67M | 0 | -35M |
| Cash from Financing | 1.4B | -690.62M | 687.51M | -1.49B | 175M | 4.08B | -973M | -2.62B | -2.1B | -1.75B |
| Debt Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends Paid | -108.53M | -150.16M | -175.78M | -186M | -195M | -123M | -67M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Financing | 108.84M | 177.08M | -43.3M | 120M | 282M | 298M | 237M | 124M | 41M | 94M |
| Net Change in Cash | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Free Cash Flow | 581M | 814.99M | 1.09B | 1.1B | 1.61B | -4.63B | 3.08B | 2.78B | 1.84B | 2.33B |
| FCF Margin % | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.11% | 0.1% | 0.13% | -0.89% | 0.36% | 0.24% | 0.14% | 0.17% |
| FCF Growth % | -0.44% | 0.4% | 0.34% | 0.01% | 0.46% | -3.88% | 1.66% | -0.1% | -0.34% | 0.26% |
| FCF per Share | 4.34 | 5.27 | 6.96 | 7.18 | 10.72 | -32.75 | 20.54 | 17.17 | 12.27 | 16.89 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 1.79x | 5.55x | 4.76x | 4.86x | 4.90x | 1.47x | 312.33x | 9.77x | 3.38x | 2.50x |
| Interest Paid | 109.51M | 154M | 163M | 196M | 157M | 313M | 342M | 291M | 231M | 231M |
| Taxes Paid | 96.83M | 124M | 174M | 282M | 304M | 108M | 74M | 102M | 281M | 184M |
| Metric | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | 19.01% | 5% | 6.38% | 6.86% | 10.07% | -54.63% | 0.32% | 9.67% | 24.47% | 44.19% |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 6.27% | 4.89% | 6.42% | 7.38% | 9.25% | -13.41% | 1.58% | 11.27% | 13.7% | 19.26% |
| Gross Margin | 80.37% | 81.8% | 82.54% | 82.49% | 82.88% | 67.69% | 82.3% | 85.8% | 87.75% | 89.46% |
| Net Margin | 11.46% | 3.21% | 3.76% | 3.62% | 4.68% | -50.24% | 0.14% | 3.02% | 6.21% | 9.01% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.57x | 0.55x | 0.69x | 0.65x | 0.99x | 2.17x | 2.48x | 1.76x | 2.36x | 2.33x |
| Interest Coverage | 3.28x | 2.67x | 3.44x | 3.76x | 5.22x | -4.24x | 0.53x | 3.92x | 4.22x | 5.36x |
| FCF Conversion | 1.79x | 5.55x | 4.76x | 4.86x | 4.90x | 1.47x | 312.33x | 9.77x | 3.38x | 2.50x |
| Revenue Growth | 15.77% | 31.49% | 14.66% | 11.56% | 7.52% | -56.92% | 65.38% | 35.69% | 10.05% | 6.64% |
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lodging | - | - | 6.85B | 7.71B | 8.47B | 4.05B | 6.45B | 8.9B | 10.26B | 10.95B |
| Lodging Growth | - | - | - | 12.56% | 9.85% | -52.18% | 59.20% | 38.08% | 15.26% | 6.68% |
| Advertising and Media Customers | - | - | 1.07B | 1.09B | 1.1B | 405M | 603M | 777M | 821M | 954M |
| Advertising and Media Customers Growth | - | - | - | 1.80% | 1.01% | -63.28% | 48.89% | 28.86% | 5.66% | 16.20% |
| Air | - | - | 783.57M | 881M | 869M | 105M | 254M | 362M | 410M | 428M |
| Air Growth | - | - | - | 12.43% | -1.36% | -87.92% | 141.90% | 42.52% | 13.26% | 4.39% |
| Trivago | 547.66M | 835.8M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trivago Growth | - | 52.61% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Home Away Inc | 20.22M | 689.19M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Home Away Inc Growth | - | 3308.10% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Egencia | 400.12M | 462.28M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Egencia Growth | - | 15.54% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNITED STATES | 3.7B | 5.04B | 5.53B | 6.2B | 6.87B | 3.51B | 6.57B | 7.94B | 8.15B | 8.37B |
| UNITED STATES Growth | - | 36.00% | 9.89% | 12.06% | 10.75% | -48.89% | 87.10% | 20.86% | 2.62% | 2.76% |
| All Other Countries | 2.97B | 3.74B | 4.53B | 5.02B | 5.2B | 1.69B | 2.03B | 3.73B | 4.69B | 5.32B |
| All Other Countries Growth | - | 25.87% | 21.10% | 10.95% | 3.53% | -67.53% | 20.20% | 83.74% | 25.86% | 13.36% |
Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) has a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 32.9x. This suggests investors expect higher future growth.
Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) reported $14.37B in revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 317% increase from $3.45B in 2011.
Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) grew revenue by 6.6% over the past year. This is steady growth.
Yes, Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) is profitable, generating $1.39B in net income for fiscal year 2024 (9.0% net margin).
Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) has a return on equity (ROE) of 44.2%. This is excellent, indicating efficient use of shareholder capital.
Expedia Group, Inc. (EXPE) generated $3.58B in free cash flow for fiscal year 2024. Positive FCF indicates the company can fund dividends, buybacks, or reinvestment.