Free cash flow remains highly erratic, evidenced by a negative FCF margin of -10.6% in 2026Q1, largely driven by a surge in capital expenditures that reached 17.5% of revenue.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 15.46M | 10.95M | 12.96M | 16.94M | 3.99M | 5.56M | 6.38M | 3.81M | 2.42M | 3.81M | 5.1M | 6.75M | 5.06M | 5.84M | 6.63M | 4.04M | 5.62M | 7.6M | 4.73M | 2.35M | 2.16M | 1.59M | 2.2M | 1.86M | 2.85M | 1.8M | 1.59M | 1M | 900K | 900K | 700K |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 5.15% | 6.94% | 10.58% | 2.82% | 4.67% | 6.26% | 4.07% | 2.34% | 3.2% | 4.12% | 5.69% | 4.25% | 5.99% | 8.15% | 5.78% | 9.6% | 13.08% | 10.65% | 6.06% | 7.78% | 7.91% | 13.48% | 12.49% | 23.3% | 16.82% | 17.31% | 12.66% | 13.24% | 15% | 13.21% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 3067.66% | -15.54% | -23.49% | 324.91% | -28.34% | -12.86% | 67.54% | 57.67% | -36.53% | -25.39% | -24.33% | 33.3% | -13.37% | -11.87% | 63.97% | -28.03% | -26.14% | 60.62% | 101.68% | 8.79% | 35.48% | -27.62% | 18.45% | -34.72% | 58.36% | 13.09% | 58.87% | 11.11% | 0% | 28.57% | 75% |
| Net Income | 14.99M | 13.86M | 9.03M | 11.37M | 924K | 3.31M | 3.23M | 453K | -3.09M | -346K | 3.48M | 1.97M | 2.84M | 4.99M | 5.62M | 2.86M | 3.62M | 5.57M | 1.91M | 3.15M | 2.9M | 2.55M | 2.05M | 2.22M | 1.53M | 1.22M | 927.1K | 700K | 800K | 700K | 600K |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 118K | 3.98M | 3.39M | 3.16M | 2.97M | 2.87M | 3.24M | 3.34M | 3.48M | 3.11M | 3.02M | 3.13M | 3.25M | 2.34M | 2.38M | 2.34M | 2.12M | 1.81M | 1.09M | 1.05M | 758.75K | 650.95K | 669.99K | 688.31K | 807.68K | 777.35K | 609.52K | 400K | 400K | 300K | 200K |
| Stock-Based Compensation | -326K | 1.95M | 2.45M | 1.5M | 1.11M | 1.14M | 393K | 838K | 802K | 596K | 326K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 154.25K | 144.64K | 96.97K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 0 | -270K | 61K | -28K | -172K | 257K | 841K | 533K | -451K | -352K | -531K | -585K | -719.78K | -238.8K | -434.9K | 68.22K | -96.92K | 389.75K | -509.39K | -223.72K | 33.03K | -100.24K | 45.56K | 9.08K | -64.58K | 47.95K | 149.87K | 100K | 100K | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 20.06M | -3.41M | 25K | -26K | 219K | 72K | -83K | -3.47M | 1.69M | 892K | 499K | 475K | 204.7K | 32.6K | 375.23K | 133.66K | -232.73K | 281.3K | 1.76M | 7.97K | 74.17K | -406.75K | -242.41K | 47.29K | 218.31K | -234.52K | -14.8K | -100K | 100K | -100K | 0 |
| Working Capital Changes | -5.53M | -5.16M | -1.98M | 969K | -1.06M | -2.09M | -1.24M | 2.12M | -11K | -94K | -1.69M | 1.86M | -411.15K | -1.39M | -1.32M | -1.35M | 50.59K | -593.52K | 377.73K | -1.1M | -1.25M | -1.1M | -325.03K | -1.11M | 355.24K | -14.98K | -83K | -100K | -400K | -900K | -100K |
| Change in Receivables | -6.43M | -913K | -2.18M | -2.42M | -1.18M | -2.24M | -655K | -423K | 2.38M | 780K | 292K | 537K | 54.91K | -1.74M | -1.21M | -1.49M | -811.29K | -612.91K | -626.75K | 0 | 0 | -493.58K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | -2.21M | -3.21M | 426K | 527K | -1.34M | -1.36M | -538K | -523K | 1.32M | -29K | -579K | -1.85M | 1.08M | -959.82K | -984.71K | -969.1K | -682.4K | 173.42K | 409.01K | -984.36K | -585.56K | -811.3K | -94.13K | -91.07K | 80.27K | 119.24K | -76.05K | 0 | -200K | -200K | -100K |
| Change in Payables | 2.23M | 238K | 156K | 1.86M | 1.95M | 1.02M | 311K | 710K | -2.28M | 1.13M | -2.67M | 1.55M | -1.14M | 2.47M | -129.51K | 202.76K | 1.42M | 298.8K | 665.94K | 0 | 0 | -215.4K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -36.01M | -22.04M | -6.68M | -4.41M | -4.03M | -7.14M | -1.89M | 838K | -2.72M | -5.32M | -360K | -1.78M | -4.23M | -7.86M | -1.56M | -2.11M | 1.41M | -12.04M | -2.62M | -901.33K | -3.46M | -5.57M | -1.01M | 39.35K | 17.46K | -1.92M | -4.7M | -2M | -700K | -1.3M | -1.3M |
| Capital Expenditures | -8.82M | -27.36M | -6.7M | -4.35M | -3.45M | -1.92M | -1.9M | -1.18M | -2.82M | -5.34M | -3.24M | -2M | -3.65M | -8.48M | -1.43M | -1.44M | -2.23M | -1.77M | -2.16M | -1.82M | -680.17K | -4.92M | -330.41K | -415.06K | -259.16K | -712.8K | -1.1M | -800K | -600K | -1.3M | -1.4M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 3.85% | 12.88% | 3.58% | 2.72% | 2.44% | 1.61% | 1.86% | 1.26% | 2.73% | 4.49% | 2.61% | 1.68% | 3.07% | 8.7% | 1.76% | 2.06% | 3.81% | 3.04% | 4.85% | 4.71% | 2.45% | 24.42% | 2.02% | 2.79% | 2.12% | 6.67% | 11.94% | 10.13% | 8.82% | 21.67% | 26.42% |
| Acquisitions | 115K | 0 | 0 | 0 | -580K | -5.22M | 0 | 522K | 104K | 50K | -341K | 716K | 49.59K | 286.68K | 150.25K | 0 | -270K | -11.04M | 733.65K | 0 | -2.55M | -445.33K | -511.8K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | -25.56M | 115K | 15K | 41K | 0 | 0 | 5K | 0 | 104K | 50K | 513K | -363K | 15K | 424K | -150.25K | -50K | 402K | -278.47K | -733.65K | 0 | 0 | 445.33K | 0 | 1.71M | -431.8K | 357.14K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Financing | 6.72M | -65K | -2.75M | -3.78M | -4.75M | 2.88M | -405K | -3.81M | -1.68M | -2.33M | -1.58M | -2.58M | -877.21K | 3.04M | -3.9M | -4.04M | -4.43M | 4.79M | -2.44M | -2.4M | -1.51M | 2.56M | -13.47K | -30.71K | -1.07M | -381.35K | -90.61K | 5M | -100K | -100K | 900K |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 7M | 0 | -2.75M | -3.78M | -750K | 4.5M | 0 | -3.27M | -298K | -840K | -840K | -1.04M | -877.21K | 4.35M | -1.58M | -2.86M | -2.76M | 5.69M | -1.2M | -1.65M | -858.66K | 2.96M | -28.47K | -30.71K | -675.15K | -94.32K | -90.61K | -100K | -100K | -100K | 900K |
| Equity Issued (Net) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4M | -1.58M | -405K | -538K | -1.38M | -1.49M | -738K | -1.54M | 0 | 0 | -580.71K | -1.18M | -2.67M | -905.61K | -1.24M | -752.6K | -648.63K | -401.55K | 15K | 0 | -392.92K | -287.03K | 0 | 5.1M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.31M | -1.15M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -4M | -1.58M | -405K | -538K | -1.38M | -1.49M | -738K | -1.54M | 0 | 0 | -580.71K | -1.18M | -2.67M | -905.61K | -1.24M | -752.6K | -648.63K | -401.55K | 0 | 0 | -392.92K | -287.03K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -283K | -65K | 0 | 0 | 0 | -32K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 214 | 0 | -592.04K | 0 | 998.23K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.64K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -13.84M | -11.16M | 3.53M | 8.75M | -4.79M | 1.31M | 4.09M | 838K | -1.98M | -3.83M | 3.17M | 2.39M | -46.36K | 1.02M | 1.17M | -2.11M | 2.6M | 353.16K | -318.64K | -951.93K | -2.81M | -1.42M | 1.18M | 1.87M | 1.79M | -500.15K | -3.2M | 4M | -100K | -100K | 900K |
| Free Cash Flow | -20.73M | -16.41M | 6.26M | 12.59M | 538K | 3.64M | 4.49M | 2.63M | -407K | -1.53M | 1.87M | 4.75M | 1.41M | -2.64M | 5.2M | 2.6M | 3.39M | 5.84M | 2.58M | 522.26K | 1.48M | -3.32M | 1.87M | 1.44M | 2.59M | 1.08M | 492.75K | 200K | 300K | -400K | -700K |
| FCF Margin % | -9.04% | -7.72% | 3.35% | 7.86% | 0.38% | 3.06% | 4.4% | 2.81% | -0.39% | -1.29% | 1.51% | 4.01% | 1.18% | -2.71% | 6.39% | 3.72% | 5.79% | 10.04% | 5.79% | 1.35% | 5.33% | -16.51% | 11.46% | 9.7% | 21.18% | 10.15% | 5.37% | 2.53% | 4.41% | -6.67% | -13.21% |
| FCF Growth % | -530.13% | -361.98% | -50.24% | 2240.15% | -85.23% | -18.89% | 70.53% | 746.93% | 73.45% | -182.11% | -60.69% | 237.4% | 153.35% | -150.76% | 99.74% | -23.14% | -41.98% | 126.55% | 393.31% | -64.65% | 144.44% | -277.79% | 29.62% | -44.22% | 138.59% | 119.98% | 146.37% | -33.33% | 175% | 42.86% | -275% |
| FCF per Share | -1.33 | -1.06 | 0.41 | 0.83 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.17 | -0.02 | -0.10 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.09 | -0.16 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.09 | -0.20 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.03 | -0.05 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | -1.38x | 0.79x | 1.44x | 1.49x | 4.31x | 1.68x | 1.98x | 8.41x | -0.78x | -11.01x | 1.47x | 3.42x | 1.78x | 1.17x | 1.18x | 1.42x | 1.55x | 1.37x | 2.48x | 0.74x | 0.75x | 0.62x | 1.07x | 0.84x | 1.86x | 1.47x | 1.71x | 1.43x | 1.13x | 1.29x | 1.17x |
| Interest Paid | 47K | 58K | 98K | 415K | 247K | 102K | 99K | 0 | 261K | 241K | 220K | 235K | 267K | 206K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 5.59M | 5.59M | 5.99M | 4.79M | 1.12M | 2.29M | 0 | 0 | 723K | 2.38M | 1.42M | 1.92M | 3.08M | 4.36M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volatile working capital requirements
Based on reported financial statements, Lifeway's operating cash flow to net income ratio has fluctuated wildly, ranging from a low of -0.04 in 2025Q1 to a high of 1.96 in 2025Q3, suggesting that reported earnings are frequently decoupled from actual cash generation capabilities.
The significant variance between net income and operating cash flow indicates that accruals and non-cash adjustments play a disproportionate role in the company's reported profitability. Investors should monitor whether this volatility stems from seasonal inventory management or more persistent issues in revenue recognition and trade promotion accounting.
As evidenced by recent quarterly data, Lifeway's free cash flow trajectory is highly inconsistent, with negative FCF margins reaching -31.5% in 2025Q4, which contrasts sharply with the positive cash generation observed in mid-2024 and suggests a lack of predictable cash flow maturity for the business.
The inability to sustain positive free cash flow suggests that the company's current growth phase is capital-intensive and potentially reliant on external liquidity or balance sheet reserves. This inconsistency warrants further investigation into whether the cash burn is driven by strategic expansion or operational inefficiencies in the core dairy business.
According to recent SEC filings, Lifeway's capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue surged to 17.5% in 2026Q1, a significant increase from the 2.7% observed in 2024Q4, indicating a shift toward more aggressive investment in manufacturing infrastructure that may pressure near-term cash availability.
This sharp rise in capital intensity suggests that the company is either upgrading its aging production facilities or expanding capacity to meet demand. While such investments may be necessary for long-term competitiveness, they currently act as a meaningful drag on the company's ability to generate surplus cash.
As reported in financial statements, working capital changes have been a major source of cash flow volatility, with a $3.9 million outflow in 2024Q4 followed by a $3.0 million inflow in 2024Q3, highlighting the sensitivity of the company's cash position to inventory and receivable cycles.
The erratic nature of these working capital swings suggests that the company may be struggling to optimize its supply chain or manage the timing of payments from large retail partners. This volatility makes it difficult to assess the underlying health of the business without adjusting for these periodic fluctuations.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying LWAY stock.
Lifeway Foods, Inc. (LWAY) generated $10.9M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Lifeway Foods, Inc. (LWAY) reported negative free cash flow of $16.4M in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
Lifeway Foods, Inc. (LWAY) spent $27.4M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.