30 years of historical data (1995–2024) · Financial Services · Financial - Credit Services
Percentile shows where the current value sits in 30-year historical distribution. Sparklines show 5-year trend.
Price-based multiples — how expensive the stock is relative to earnings, sales, book value, and cash flow
SLM Corporation trades at 7.0x earnings, 9% below its 5-year average of 7.7x, sitting at the 57th percentile of its historical range. Compared to the Financial Services sector median P/E of 13.8x, the stock trades at a discount of 49%.
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market Cap | $3.7B | $6.1B | $4.5B | $4.3B | $6.3B | $4.8B | $3.8B | $3.7B | $5.0B | $4.8B | $2.8B |
| Enterprise Value | $5.5B | $7.8B | $5.6B | $5.0B | $7.9B | $5.5B | $2.9B | $5.4B | $6.7B | $5.0B | $1.5B |
| P/E Ratio → | 6.99 | 10.29 | 7.93 | 9.43 | 5.45 | 5.51 | 6.65 | 7.77 | 18.23 | 20.79 | 11.05 |
| P/S Ratio | 1.25 | 2.03 | 1.58 | 1.83 | 2.61 | 2.05 | 1.61 | 1.94 | 3.45 | 4.16 | 2.78 |
| P/B Ratio | 1.91 | 2.81 | 2.38 | 2.51 | 2.93 | 1.87 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 1.34 |
| P/FCF | — | — | — | 869.58 | — | 2.23 | — | — | — | — | — |
| P/OCF | — | — | — | 869.58 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
P/E links to full P/E history page with 30-year chart
Enterprise-value multiples — capital-structure-neutral measures of total business value
SLM Corporation's enterprise value stands at 6.7x EBITDA, roughly in line with its 5-year average of 6.8x. The Financial Services sector median is 11.1x, placing the stock at a 40% discount on an enterprise-value basis.
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / Revenue | — | 2.61 | 1.96 | 2.10 | 3.27 | 2.36 | 1.23 | 2.86 | 4.67 | 4.38 | 1.46 |
| EV / EBITDA | 6.70 | 9.56 | 6.98 | 7.65 | 5.07 | 4.73 | 3.85 | 9.38 | 13.32 | 11.84 | 3.31 |
| EV / EBIT | 6.85 | 9.77 | 7.13 | 7.86 | 5.12 | 4.79 | 3.92 | 9.62 | 13.63 | 12.11 | 3.37 |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | 993.58 | — | 2.58 | — | — | — | — | — |
Margins and return-on-capital ratios measuring operating efficiency
SLM Corporation earns an operating margin of 26.7%, above the Financial Services sector average of 21.9%. Return on equity of 30.1% is exceptionally high — well above the sector median of 9.1%. ROIC of 7.6% represents adequate returns on invested capital versus a sector median of 5.4%.
Full margin charts and quarterly trend are on the Earnings History page
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Margin | 48.2% | 48.2% | 51.6% | 50.3% | 85.5% | 72.9% | 55.4% | 59.3% | 65.6% | 69.9% | 78.4% |
| Operating Margin | 26.7% | 26.7% | 27.4% | 26.7% | 63.9% | 49.3% | 31.3% | 29.7% | 34.3% | 36.2% | 43.3% |
| Net Profit Margin | 20.4% | 20.4% | 20.5% | 19.8% | 48.2% | 37.6% | 24.3% | 25.9% | 20.1% | 21.8% | 27.1% |
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROE | 30.1% | 30.1% | 32.2% | 24.2% | 49.3% | 30.0% | 18.4% | 17.9% | 12.0% | 11.3% | 14.0% |
| ROA | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 3.9% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| ROIC | 7.6% | 7.6% | 8.3% | 6.3% | 14.6% | 11.0% | 7.3% | 6.5% | 7.2% | 8.1% | 13.2% |
| ROCE | 9.7% | 9.7% | 10.5% | 8.0% | 18.7% | 14.4% | 9.7% | 8.3% | 9.0% | 10.6% | 17.3% |
Solvency and debt-coverage ratios — lower is generally safer
SLM Corporation carries a Debt/EBITDA ratio of 7.9x, which is highly leveraged (92% above the sector average of 4.1x). Net debt stands at $1.7B ($6.4B total debt minus $4.7B cash). Interest coverage of just 0.7x is concerning — the company has limited headroom to absorb earnings volatility before struggling with debt service.
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt / Equity | 2.98 | 2.98 | 2.78 | 3.03 | 2.76 | 2.02 | 1.40 | 1.44 | 1.32 | 0.92 | 0.51 |
| Debt / EBITDA | 7.89 | 7.89 | 6.57 | 8.08 | 3.81 | 4.44 | 6.12 | 7.47 | 6.52 | 5.11 | 2.41 |
| Net Debt / Equity | — | 0.81 | 0.57 | 0.36 | 0.74 | 0.29 | -0.28 | 0.58 | 0.70 | 0.11 | -0.64 |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 2.13 | 2.13 | 1.35 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.63 | -1.21 | 3.01 | 3.46 | 0.59 | -2.98 |
| Debt / FCF | — | — | — | 124.00 | — | 0.34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Interest Coverage | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 1.16 | 4.03 | 2.13 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.60 | 2.23 | 3.41 |
Short-term solvency ratios and asset-utilisation metrics
The current ratio of 0.32x is below 1.0, meaning current liabilities exceed current assets — though the company's $4.7B cash position helps mitigate short-term liquidity concerns. The current ratio has declined from 0.40x to 0.32x over the past 3 years.
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Ratio | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Quick Ratio | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Cash Ratio | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.20 |
| Asset Turnover | — | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| Inventory Turnover | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days Sales Outstanding | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Earnings, FCF, buyback, and dividend yields — total returns to shareholders
SLM Corporation returns 9.0% to shareholders annually — split between a 2.4% dividend yield and 6.6% buyback yield. The payout ratio of 16.3% is conservative, leaving significant room for dividend growth or reinvestment. The earnings yield of 14.3% (inverse of P/E) provides a useful comparison to bond yields when assessing the stock's relative attractiveness to fixed income.
Full dividend history and growth charts are on the Dividend History page
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dividend Yield | 2.4% | 1.6% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.7% |
| Payout Ratio | 16.3% | 16.3% | 17.4% | 24.1% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 8.8% | — | — | — | — |
| Metric | TTM | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 | FY 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earnings Yield | 14.3% | 9.7% | 12.6% | 10.6% | 18.4% | 18.2% | 15.0% | 12.9% | 5.5% | 4.8% | 9.0% |
| FCF Yield | — | — | — | 0.1% | — | 44.8% | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buyback Yield | 6.6% | 4.1% | 7.8% | 16.4% | 24.3% | 11.6% | 4.4% | 0.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Total Shareholder Yield | 9.0% | 5.7% | 10.1% | 19.0% | 25.3% | 12.6% | 5.7% | 0.4% | 3.6% | 0.4% | 0.7% |
| Shares Outstanding | — | $220M | $234M | $262M | $320M | $387M | $431M | $440M | $439M | $433M | $432M |
Compare SLM with 4 similar companies in its peer group
| Company | Market Cap | P/E | EV/EBITDA | P/FCF | Gross Margin | Op Margin | ROE | ROIC | Debt/EBITDA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLMYou | $4B | 7.0 | 6.7 | — | 48.2% | 26.7% | 30.1% | 7.6% | 7.9 |
| SOFI | $21B | 45.5 | 50.5 | — | 69.7% | 6.3% | 8.3% | 1.7% | 7.3 |
| JSM | $5B | 16.1 | 21.3 | 11.6 | 91.7% | 73.9% | 4.9% | 4.1% | 19.8 |
| NNI | $1B | — | -1.7 | — | — | — | 10.9% | — | — |
| NAVI | $841M | 7.4 | 280.4 | 1.8 | 20.0% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 0.2% | 279.7 |
| Financial Services Median | — | 13.8 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 60.2% | 21.9% | 9.1% | 5.4% | 4.1 |
Peers based on L4 peer group classification. Compare multiple stocks →
Includes 30+ ratios · 30 years · Updated daily
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Start ComparisonSLM Corporation's current P/E ratio is 7.0x. The historical average is 8.1x. This places it at the 57th percentile of its historical range.
SLM Corporation's current EV/EBITDA is 6.7x. This enterprise value multiple compares the company's total value (equity + debt - cash) to its EBITDA. The historical average is 34.0x.
SLM Corporation's return on equity (ROE) is 30.1%. This is above the typical threshold of 15-20% considered good for most companies. The historical average is 27.0%.
Based on historical data, SLM Corporation is trading at a P/E of 7.0x. This is at the 57th percentile of its historical P/E range. Compare with industry peers and growth rates for a complete picture.
SLM Corporation's current dividend yield is 2.41% with a payout ratio of 16.3%.
SLM Corporation has 48.2% gross margin and 26.7% operating margin. Operating margin above 20% indicates strong pricing power and cost efficiency.
SLM Corporation's Debt/EBITDA ratio is 7.9x, indicating high leverage. A ratio above 4x may signal elevated financial risk.