Cash generation remains disconnected from reported earnings, evidenced by an extreme OCF/NI ratio of 228.00 in 2024Q3, while free cash flow margins have shown high volatility, ranging from 32.9% to 50.6%.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 2.19B | 2.09B | 1.86B | 1.99B | 1.85B | 1.54B | 1.88B | 1.22B | 2.75B | 2.61B | 2.09B | 1.63B | 1.34B | 992.5M | 1.13B | 1.01B | 902.7M | 358.41M | 451.02M | 571.52M | 468.78M | 109.08M | 353.07M | 125.8M | 122.57M | 169.68M | 87.18M | 251.64M | 9.31M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 44.52% | 38.75% | 38.4% | 42.26% | 47.19% | 57.1% | 36.37% | 48.62% | 47.67% | 29.26% | 25.27% | 25.35% | 22.98% | 31.15% | 31.87% | 32.34% | 18.25% | 22.27% | 29.13% | 28.29% | 7.01% | 28.02% | 12.02% | 14.16% | 21.93% | 12.86% | 43.16% | 2.27% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 85.45% | 12.53% | -6.44% | 7.52% | 19.77% | -18.06% | 54.64% | -55.8% | 5.57% | 24.96% | 28.36% | 21.04% | 35.44% | -12.49% | 12.15% | 12.04% | 151.86% | -20.53% | -21.08% | 21.92% | 329.75% | -69.1% | 180.65% | 2.64% | -27.77% | 94.63% | -65.35% | 2602.59% | - |
| Net Income | 561M | 518M | 277M | 718M | 223M | 801M | 214M | 310.9M | 963.1M | 788.7M | 517.6M | 603.2M | 516.1M | 496.2M | 422.2M | 315.29M | 193.7M | 143.73M | 217.39M | 164.06M | 189.6M | 138.75M | 102.37M | 67.3M | 23.66M | -8.23M | -21.32M | -29.84M | 0 |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 78M | 80M | 90M | 116M | 113M | 123M | 184M | 249.3M | 487.3M | 497.6M | 512.1M | 492.1M | 313.1M | 216.1M | 166.9M | 153.15M | 143.2M | 125.41M | 143.81M | 166.63M | 125.04M | 99.71M | 91.4M | 74.56M | 66.47M | 74.2M | 76.14M | 0 | 43.77M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 58M | 56M | 54M | 44M | 33M | 29M | 21M | 54.8M | 80.8M | 75.1M | 76.5M | 94.7M | 72.5M | 59.2M | 50.5M | 43.49M | 50.1M | 53.7M | 54.33M | 56.24M | 43.05M | 14.14M | 15.77M | 5.89M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 79M | 90M | -85M | -68M | -245M | -15M | -223M | -178.9M | 16.3M | -113.8M | -30.8M | -121.3M | -13.4M | 42.9M | 102.3M | 47.04M | 19.1M | 17.48M | 27.04M | -27.73M | -27.77M | -13.47M | 31.15M | 9.7M | 11.58M | 13.5M | -13.11M | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 1.4B | 1.39B | 1.59B | 1.15B | 1.77B | 646M | 1.4B | 1.08B | 1.39B | 1.27B | 1.36B | 678.4M | 552.5M | 329.4M | 329M | 348.06M | 426M | 134.71M | -104.18M | 42.77M | 90.33M | -172.25M | 92.68M | -69.55M | 73.61M | 5.91M | -8.76M | 281.48M | -34.45M |
| Working Capital Changes | 9M | -39M | -67M | 28M | -47M | -41M | 283M | -302M | -184.2M | 94.8M | -343.6M | -120.1M | -96.6M | -151.3M | 63.3M | 104.32M | 70.6M | -116.62M | 112.62M | 169.54M | 48.52M | 42.21M | 19.7M | 37.9M | -52.76M | 84.3M | 54.24M | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Receivables | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64.9M | 4.1M | -93M | -10.3M | -95.6M | 8.31M | -156M | -33.41M | -49.22M | -32.16M | -44.04M | -2.16M | -17.01M | -24.04M | -50.95M | -37.59M | -602K | -22.88M | 3.02M | 11.06M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 250.9M | 0 | -157.1M | 131.2M | -75.54M | 30.08M | 61.42M | -65.89M | 0 | -17.12M | -69.94M | -193.73M | 77.05M | -967K | 43.17M | -29.04M | -28.41M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Payables | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62.1M | -255M | -93.7M | 167.4M | -35.6M | 67.23M | 125.92M | -28.01M | 115.11M | 53.68M | 61.16M | -39.46M | -52.91M | 66.65M | 57.08M | 42.76M | -7.39M | -3.27M | 0 | -5.79M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | -1.75B | -1.37B | -1.17B | 788M | -5.11B | -1.69B | 1.77B | 2.86B | -1.87B | -4.29B | -4.06B | -3.28B | -4.74B | -1.61B | -2.67B | -1.04B | -340.8M | -888.02M | -512.52M | -694.81M | -542.97M | -330.95M | -404.3M | -256.66M | -192.6M | -192.41M | -24.46M | -309.45M | -145.39M |
| Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -68M | -84M | -54M | -142.3M | -199.8M | -225.4M | -207M | -191.7M | -158.7M | -135.4M | -116.4M | -73.5M | -68.8M | -52.97M | -49.56M | -116.65M | -100.35M | -65.9M | -48.33M | -46.95M | -42.38M | -36.64M | -33.08M | 0 | 0 |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 0% | - | - | - | 1.55% | 2.57% | 1.64% | 4.25% | 3.53% | 4.12% | 2.9% | 2.98% | 2.99% | 3.13% | 3.2% | 2.32% | 2.46% | 2.7% | 2.45% | 5.95% | 6.06% | 4.23% | 3.84% | 4.49% | 4.9% | 4.74% | 4.88% | - | - |
| Acquisitions | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Investments | 16.34B | 16.98B | 16.92B | 17.26B | 19.13B | 464M | 17.46B | 561.5M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 775.57M | 701.35M | 379.27M | 325.46M | 271.26M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Investing | -1.74B | -1.37B | -1.15B | 824M | -5.03B | -1.51B | 2.06B | -2.54B | -1.63B | -3.81B | -3.86B | -3.03B | -2.44B | -1.47B | -2.07B | -575.34M | 32.05M | -519.47M | -372.76M | -131.99M | -236.66M | -124.15M | -26.48M | -158.05M | -114.33M | -66.79M | 8.63M | -309.45M | -145.39M |
| Cash from Financing | -720M | -807M | -592M | -3.09B | 3.27B | 608M | -4.17B | -4.09B | -1.22B | 4B | 2.66B | 1.77B | 3.52B | 704.15M | 2.21B | 109.25M | -715.7M | 570.19M | -20.31M | 197.07M | 112.27M | 278.58M | 66.37M | 165M | -15.67M | 32.5M | 1.14M | 74.93M | 163.28M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -363M | -242M | -55M | -35M | -12M | 4M | 2.8M | -976M | -425.6M | -553.7M | -798.8M | -951.6M | -286.6M | -231.09M | -105.14M | -211.47M | -114.86M | -417.03M | -969.93M | -87.64M | -97.17M | -115.94M | 34.53M | 81.44M | 9.53M | 156.35M | 149K | 0 | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -44M | -42M | -43M | -42M | -43M | -42M | -61M | -127.4M | -125.2M | -115.5M | -30M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -363M | -313M | -55M | -35M | -12M | 0 | 0 | -976.1M | -443.2M | -553.7M | -798.8M | -951.6M | -286.6M | -231.09M | -125.84M | -240.88M | -148.72M | -445.89M | -1B | -108.54M | -146M | -145.04M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.15M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | 1B | 794M | -563M | -313M | 2.76B | 1.08B | -2.39B | 249.7M | -57.1M | 2.47B | 2.42B | 564.2M | 1.95B | 594.51M | 854.55M | 476.75M | 12.96M | 715.76M | 380.09M | 77.25M | -66.63M | 284.4M | 0 | 212.2M | 0 | 1.79M | 0 | 74.93M | 163.28M |
| Net Change in Cash | -279M | -86M | 98M | -311M | 4M | 460M | -495M | -9.6M | -347M | 2.33B | 691.2M | 90.8M | 107.4M | 76.4M | 677.2M | 77.1M | -74.3M | 56.47M | -108.93M | 85.76M | 36.86M | 58.8M | 16.66M | 37.31M | -87.1M | 594K | 60.4M | 74.93M | 163.28M |
| Free Cash Flow | 2.18B | 2.09B | 1.86B | 1.99B | 1.78B | 1.46B | 1.83B | 1.08B | 2.56B | 2.38B | 1.88B | 1.44B | 1.19B | 857.1M | 1.02B | 937.85M | 833.9M | 305.44M | 401.46M | 454.87M | 368.43M | 43.18M | 304.74M | 78.85M | 80.19M | 133.04M | 54.1M | 251.64M | 9.31M |
| FCF Margin % | 46.19% | 44.52% | 38.75% | 38.4% | 40.7% | 44.62% | 55.46% | 32.12% | 45.09% | 43.55% | 26.36% | 22.29% | 22.36% | 19.84% | 27.95% | 29.55% | 29.87% | 15.55% | 19.82% | 23.18% | 22.24% | 2.77% | 24.19% | 7.53% | 9.27% | 17.2% | 7.98% | 43.16% | 2.27% |
| FCF Growth % | 19.54% | 12.53% | -6.44% | 11.63% | 22% | -20.23% | 70.08% | -57.91% | 7.17% | 26.72% | 31.08% | 21.07% | 38.32% | -15.79% | 8.53% | 12.46% | 173.01% | -23.92% | -11.74% | 23.46% | 753.22% | -85.83% | 286.48% | -1.67% | -39.73% | 145.92% | -78.5% | 2602.59% | - |
| FCF per Share | 50.42 | 45.48 | 36.88 | 39.74 | 35.60 | 29.18 | 38.18 | 21.51 | 46.37 | 42.65 | 31.94 | 23.04 | 19.00 | 12.82 | 15.87 | 16.22 | 14.97 | 5.29 | 5.45 | 5.63 | 4.51 | 0.51 | 3.63 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 2.06 | 1.14 | 5.90 | 0.22 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 3.88x | 4.04x | 6.71x | 2.77x | 8.29x | 1.93x | 8.80x | 4.38x | 2.86x | 3.31x | 4.05x | 2.73x | 2.65x | 2.00x | 2.69x | 3.21x | 4.66x | 2.49x | 2.19x | 3.48x | 2.47x | 0.79x | 3.45x | 1.87x | 5.18x | -16.38x | -4.09x | -8.43x | -0.52x |
| Interest Paid | 0 | 868M | 922M | 861M | 466M | 357M | 488M | 672M | 719.8M | 551.4M | 405.1M | 311.4M | 221.2M | 239.2M | 215.71M | 231.05M | 241.36M | 84.08M | 68.8M | 78.96M | 40.63M | 16.42M | 9.27M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 0 | 53M | 227M | 292M | 338M | 325M | 268M | 1.07B | 234M | 344.1M | 466.6M | 304.2M | 256M | 216.53M | 137.84M | 123.48M | 44.72M | 73.58M | 113.99M | 107.52M | 141.94M | 58.24M | 21.09M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Credit loss volatility
As reported in financial statements, Bread Financial consistently generates operating cash flow significantly higher than net income, with the OCF/NI ratio reaching an extreme 228.00 in 2024Q3, illustrating that accounting-based credit loss provisions create a persistent disconnect between reported earnings and actual cash generation.
The wide gap between net income and operating cash flow suggests that CECL-related provisions are heavily suppressing GAAP earnings without a corresponding immediate cash outflow. Investors should monitor this divergence, as it implies that reported net income may be a poor proxy for the company's underlying ability to generate liquidity.
Based on recent SEC filings, Bread Financial's free cash flow margins have fluctuated significantly, ranging from a low of 32.9% in 2025Q1 to a peak of 50.6% in 2025Q3, reflecting the inherent instability of cash flows in a credit-sensitive business model.
While the company maintains high FCF margins, the lack of a consistent upward trajectory suggests that cash generation is highly sensitive to the timing of loan originations and credit performance. This volatility warrants further investigation into whether these cash flows are sustainable or merely a byproduct of cyclical loan book fluctuations.
According to quarterly data, working capital changes have been erratic, swinging from a $121 million outflow in 2025Q1 to a $56 million inflow in 2025Q2, which highlights the company's vulnerability to shifts in consumer payment behavior and the timing of credit card receivables.
These sharp swings in working capital suggest that the company's cash position is heavily influenced by the velocity of consumer repayments. Such variability may indicate that the firm's liquidity profile is susceptible to sudden changes in consumer spending patterns or broader economic conditions.
Data from recent financial reports indicates that Bread Financial has prioritized share repurchases, with $153 million deployed in 2026Q1 alone, despite the company's strained balance sheet and the inherent risks associated with its credit-heavy business model.
The decision to aggressively buy back shares while maintaining a complex and sensitive credit portfolio may suggest a management focus on short-term valuation support. Investors should monitor whether this capital allocation strategy remains viable if credit losses continue to normalize at higher levels.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying BFH stock.
Bread Financial Holdings, Inc. (BFH) generated $2.09B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Bread Financial Holdings, Inc. (BFH) generated $2.09B in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
Bread Financial Holdings, Inc. (BFH) spent $0.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Bread Financial Holdings, Inc. (BFH) returned $42.0M to shareholders via cash dividends and spent $313.0M on share repurchases. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.