Free cash flow remains highly volatile, evidenced by a swing from a negative 1.4% margin in 2023Q4 to a peak of 43.8% in 2025Q3, reflecting unpredictable working capital cycles.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 874.25M | 827.99M | 572.84M | 159.26M | 175.9M | 304.54M | 85.36M | 48.26M | 20.21M | -8.76M | -227.84M | -221.69M | -73.54M | -59.63M | 17.61M | 18.75M | 18.75M | 87.73M | -9.18M | -34.49M | -50.09M | -62.68M | -65.14M | -74.8M | -53.59M | -23.07M | -12.9M | -12.94M | -8.1M |
| Operating CF Margin % | - | 25.7% | 20.07% | 6.58% | 8.39% | 16.49% | 4.59% | 2.83% | 1.36% | -0.67% | -20.4% | -24.91% | -9.81% | -10.87% | 3.52% | 4.25% | 4.98% | 27.02% | -3.09% | -28.37% | -59.48% | -244.19% | -349.45% | -618.17% | -385.05% | -197.15% | -132.76% | -244.15% | -675% |
| Operating CF Growth % | 102.67% | 44.54% | 259.69% | -9.46% | -42.24% | 256.75% | 76.88% | 138.83% | 330.76% | 96.16% | -2.77% | -201.46% | -23.32% | -438.66% | -6.1% | 0.04% | -78.63% | 1056.21% | 73.4% | 31.13% | 20.09% | 3.78% | 12.91% | -39.56% | -132.37% | -78.85% | 0.34% | -59.75% | - |
| Net Income | 268.74M | 348.9M | 426.86M | 167.65M | 141.56M | -64.08M | 859.1M | -23.85M | -77.21M | -117.04M | -630.21M | -171.8M | -133.97M | -176.35M | -114.35M | -53.84M | 205.82M | -488K | 30.83M | -15.8M | -28.53M | -74.27M | -187.44M | -76.38M | -77.37M | -57.43M | -37.36M | -28.07M | -12.3M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 73.9M | 79.56M | 96.43M | 104.39M | 101.97M | 108.04M | 105.17M | 105.3M | 95.67M | 87.86M | 96.91M | 47.19M | 56.74M | 47.26M | 45.3M | 36.09M | 27.74M | 20.98M | 17.63M | 1.09M | 11.96M | 10.07M | 13.28M | 9.44M | 8.5M | 7M | 7.33M | 6.56M | 800K |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 187.17M | 181.41M | 201.57M | 207.1M | 196.31M | 197.26M | 189.71M | 159.87M | 148.82M | 140.26M | 134.64M | 111.53M | 88.23M | 66.18M | 47.34M | 43.91M | 38.36M | 36.01M | 28.34M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Deferred Taxes | 29.53M | 48.74M | 56.1M | -44.98M | -52.09M | -15.61M | -888.91M | -82.76M | -68.38M | 44.46M | -228.05M | -76.83M | -25.48M | -9.16M | -9.92M | 4.36M | -230.58M | 9.32M | 3.03M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | -77.31M | 278.07M | 8.29M | 61.65M | -115.47M | 12.89M | 44.71M | -9.2M | -29.27M | -70.34M | 559.15M | -178.11M | -28.72M | 35.51M | 16.18M | 13.32M | 19.5M | 2.04M | -15K | -6.57M | -3.99M | -5.99M | 104.76M | -1.56M | 17.24M | 30.06M | 16.43M | 6.97M | 2.6M |
| Working Capital Changes | 20.85M | -108.68M | -216.4M | -336.54M | -96.38M | 66.03M | -224.42M | -101.09M | -49.42M | -93.96M | -160.28M | 46.33M | -30.34M | -23.08M | 33.06M | -25.1M | -42.09M | 19.87M | -88.99M | -13.21M | -29.52M | 7.5M | 4.26M | -6.31M | -1.97M | -2.7M | 709K | 1.6M | 800K |
| Change in Receivables | -177.62M | -228.05M | -57.91M | -190.44M | -82.03M | 65.57M | -59.03M | -37.85M | -54.27M | -25.26M | -51.48M | -16.37M | -26.65M | -8.76M | -4.23M | -18.46M | -13.04M | -19.24M | -37.32M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Change in Inventory | 188.03M | 119.21M | -63.53M | -157.06M | -68.26M | -35.06M | -61.15M | -107.55M | -23.75M | -96.89M | -64.51M | -50.99M | -36.85M | -33.91M | 1.42M | -20.42M | -31.04M | -5.5M | -13.94M | -7.37M | -14.18M | -8.58M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 240K | -5K | -100K |
| Change in Payables | 71.89M | 66.14M | -32.24M | 68.85M | 59.02M | 15.69M | -68.71M | 77.09M | 20.62M | 24.83M | -33.89M | 116.1M | 36.5M | 8.35M | 33.91M | 12.65M | 5.41M | 8.02M | -35.62M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash from Investing | 339.52M | -414.24M | 136.49M | -111.24M | -20.03M | -366.31M | -53.62M | -31.03M | 264.35M | -305.46M | -484.05M | -1.18B | 194.56M | -298.78M | -195.65M | -89.56M | -101.34M | -79.67M | -19.08M | -151M | -194.77M | 57.6M | -15.29M | -50.95M | 70.91M | -133.91M | -1.55M | -68.75M | -8.2M |
| Capital Expenditures | -112.5M | -103.04M | -85.42M | -107.61M | -131.54M | -95.58M | -137.52M | -163.41M | -144.62M | -199.22M | -148.38M | -227.65M | -118.83M | -65.12M | -44.57M | -154.22M | -49.46M | -89.8M | -56.37M | -22.41M | -24.58M | -2.96M | -24.07M | -5.97M | -4.86M | -17.81M | -3.76M | -22.94M | -6.4M |
| CapEx % of Revenue | 3.47% | 3.2% | 2.99% | 4.45% | 6.28% | 5.18% | 7.39% | 9.59% | 9.7% | 15.17% | 13.29% | 25.58% | 15.86% | 11.87% | 8.9% | 34.94% | 13.15% | 27.66% | 19.01% | 18.43% | 29.19% | 11.52% | 129.15% | 49.38% | 34.92% | 152.25% | 38.71% | 432.91% | 533.33% |
| Acquisitions | -285.19M | -285.19M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -23.21M | 0 | 50M | 125M | -2.79M | -910.15M | -1.1M | -10.76M | -1.74M | 81M | -32.95M | -8.37M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -14.79M | 0 | -3.12M | 0 | 0 | -1.5M | 0 |
| Investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Investing | 2.33M | -7.94M | -853K | 0 | 103.33M | -24.64M | 89.64M | 24.19M | -10K | -1.75M | -698K | 410M | 65.5M | -116.5M | -151.07M | -81M | 0 | -17.52M | 0 | 16.47M | 19.8M | 34.18M | -25.3M | 28K | 272K | -21.2M | 0 | -6.71M | -700K |
| Cash from Financing | 809.55M | -42.39M | -526.45M | -18.73M | -18.65M | -48K | 181.12M | -74.67M | -388.01M | 507.14M | 727.11M | 927.91M | 185.69M | 746.67M | 312.29M | 29M | 3.5M | -63.79M | 22.81M | 324.57M | 295.94M | 30.09M | -27.89M | 213.47M | 3.85M | 152.99M | 7.57M | 95.69M | 19.7M |
| Debt Issued (Net) | 841.35M | 0 | -494.99M | -2.29M | -2.6M | -3.04M | 203.84M | -5.09M | -374.95M | 481.69M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 713.24M | 0 | -879K | -195K | -74.78M | -94K | 309.35M | 163.12M | 177K | 293K | 118.4M | 214K | 5.26M | 776K | 25.59M | 100K |
| Equity Issued (Net) | -23.36M | 0 | 0 | 69.35M | 69.33M | 0 | -50M | 31.61M | 0 | 0 | 712.94M | 951.3M | 197.37M | 0 | 235.5M | 33.59M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.22M | 140.52M | 7.78M | 1.81M | 94.59M | 1.89M | 134.56M | 6.79M | 70.1M | 19.7M |
| Dividends Paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Share Repurchases | -38.78M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -50M | 0 | -35.92M | -33.51M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Financing | -8.44M | -42.39M | -31.46M | -85.79M | -85.38M | 2.99M | 27.27M | -101.2M | -13.05M | 25.46M | 14.17M | -23.39M | -11.01M | 33.43M | 76.79M | -3.38M | 3.7M | 11M | 22.9M | 0 | -7.7M | 22.13M | -30M | 485K | 1.75M | 13.16M | 0 | 0 | -100K |
| Net Change in Cash | 2.02B | 368.84M | 187.72M | 30.6M | 137.25M | -61.88M | 211.71M | -56.54M | -104.05M | 189.7M | 11.29M | -478.45M | 306.7M | 388.25M | 134.25M | -41.81M | -79.09M | -55.73M | -5.44M | 139.18M | 51.07M | 25.01M | -108.33M | 87.77M | 21.11M | -4M | -6.88M | 14M | 3.4M |
| Free Cash Flow | 767.06M | 724.96M | 475.42M | 62.57M | 54.94M | 185.31M | -52.15M | -96.76M | -124.41M | -207.98M | -376.22M | -449.34M | -192.37M | -124.76M | -26.96M | -135.47M | -30.71M | -2.07M | -65.54M | -56.91M | -74.67M | -65.64M | -89.22M | -80.77M | -58.46M | -40.88M | -16.66M | -35.88M | -14.5M |
| FCF Margin % | 23.66% | 22.51% | 16.66% | 2.59% | 2.62% | 10.04% | -2.8% | -5.68% | -8.34% | -15.83% | -33.69% | -50.49% | -25.67% | -22.75% | -5.38% | -30.69% | -8.16% | -0.64% | -22.11% | -46.81% | -88.68% | -255.71% | -478.6% | -667.55% | -419.97% | -349.41% | -171.46% | -677.06% | -1208.33% |
| FCF Growth % | 23.68% | 52.49% | 659.85% | 13.88% | -70.35% | 455.31% | 46.1% | 22.22% | 40.18% | 44.72% | 16.27% | -133.58% | -54.2% | -362.72% | 80.1% | -341.04% | -1384.53% | 96.84% | -15.17% | 23.79% | -13.77% | 26.43% | -10.45% | -38.18% | -43% | -145.42% | 53.58% | -147.48% | - |
| FCF per Share | 3.88 | 3.67 | 2.42 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 1.01 | -0.27 | -0.54 | -0.70 | -1.19 | -2.26 | -2.81 | -1.31 | -0.91 | -0.22 | -1.21 | -0.24 | -0.02 | -0.63 | -0.59 | -0.88 | -0.95 | -1.39 | -1.30 | -1.10 | -0.99 | -0.46 | -1.20 | -0.64 |
| FCF Conversion (FCF/Net Income) | 2.85x | 2.37x | 1.34x | 0.95x | 1.24x | -4.75x | 0.10x | -2.02x | -0.26x | 0.07x | 0.36x | 1.29x | 0.55x | 0.34x | -0.15x | -0.35x | 0.09x | -179.78x | -0.30x | 2.18x | 1.76x | 0.84x | 0.35x | 0.99x | 0.69x | 0.34x | 0.35x | 0.46x | 0.66x |
| Interest Paid | 3.57M | 0 | 10.36M | 0 | 0 | 10.39M | 12.18M | 0 | 11.62M | 8.54M | 8.64M | 9.31M | 9.32M | 2.16M | 6.67M | 7.21M | 10.08M | 9.7M | 10.4M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taxes Paid | 59.82M | 0 | 57.27M | 0 | 0 | 18.15M | 8.98M | 0 | 16.68M | 23.89M | 95.86M | 16.08M | 34.99M | 14.9M | 6.58M | 4.39M | 3.58M | 2.82M | 1.28M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gene therapy commercialization failure
According to recent financial disclosures, the relationship between net income and operating cash flow remains highly erratic, with the OCF/NI ratio swinging from a negative 2.14 in 2025Q4 to a positive 2.09 in 2026Q1, indicating significant non-cash adjustments and working capital timing issues impacting reported earnings.
The wide variance in the OCF/NI ratio suggests that GAAP net income is a poor proxy for the company's underlying cash-generating capacity. Investors should monitor whether these fluctuations are driven by recurring revenue recognition nuances or one-time charges related to the restructuring of the gene therapy program.
As reported in quarterly filings, free cash flow margins have demonstrated extreme volatility, ranging from a negative 1.4% in 2023Q4 to a peak of 43.8% in 2025Q3, highlighting the difficulty in maintaining consistent cash conversion amidst shifting R&D priorities and lumpy international government procurement cycles.
The lack of a stable FCF trajectory complicates the valuation of the company's core orphan drug franchise. The recent improvement in 2026Q1 FCF margin to 26.1% may be a positive sign of cost discipline, but it remains to be seen if this level is sustainable given the ongoing competitive pressures.
Based on the provided cash flow statements, working capital changes have been a major driver of cash flow variability, with a significant $158.1 million outflow in 2025Q2 followed by a $118.9 million inflow in 2025Q3, suggesting that timing of receivables and inventory management remains highly unpredictable.
These large swings in working capital appear to be tied to the timing of international tender orders, which can create artificial spikes or dips in cash flow. Analysts should look past these quarterly distortions to determine if the underlying cash conversion cycle is actually improving or merely reflecting the timing of large, infrequent payments.
Data from recent financial statements indicates that capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue have fluctuated between 2.1% and 5.7% over the last ten quarters, reflecting the ongoing need for specialized manufacturing infrastructure to support the company's complex biologics and gene therapy production requirements.
While the current capital intensity appears manageable, the need for continued investment in specialized facilities may limit the company's ability to significantly expand free cash flow margins. Any further increase in CapEx/Rev would warrant investigation into whether these investments are truly growth-oriented or merely maintenance-heavy requirements for aging production assets.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying BMRN stock.
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (BMRN) generated $828.0M in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (BMRN) generated $725.0M in free cash flow in 2025. Free cash flow is the cash left over after capital expenditures, which can be used to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay down debt.
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (BMRN) spent $103.0M on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.