Royal Bank of Canada (RY) fundamental analysis — strengths, weaknesses & financial health based on data analysis
* These insights are generated automatically based on available financial data. Please conduct your own research before making investment decisions.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) stock price & volume — 10-year historical chart
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) revenue, earnings & EPS growth — 3, 5 & 10-year CAGR
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) EPS & revenue vs analyst estimates — last 4 quarters
| Quarter | Date | EPS (Act vs Est) | Revenue (Act vs Est) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2026Latest | Feb 26, 2026 | $2.94vs $2.81+4.6% | $13.2Bvs $12.9B+2.5% |
| Q4 2025 | Dec 3, 2025 | $2.76vs $2.51+10.0% | $17.2Bvs $12.5B+37.3% |
| Q3 2025 | Aug 27, 2025 | $2.79vs $2.36+18.2% | $17.0Bvs $12.1B+40.1% |
| Q2 2025 | May 29, 2025 | $2.20vs $2.25-2.2% | $15.7Bvs $11.8B+32.1% |
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) competitors in North American universal banks — business model, growth, and fundamentals comparison
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) vs competitors — business, growth, and fundamentals comparison against the closest industry rivals.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) annual income statement — 10-year revenue, gross profit & net income history
| Line item | Oct'17 | Oct'18 | Oct'19 | Oct'20 | Oct'21 | Oct'22 | Oct'23 | Oct'24 | Oct'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Interest Income | 17.14B | 17.95B | 19.75B | 20.84B | 20B | 22.72B | 25.13B | 27.95B | 33B |
| NII Growth % | 3.68% | 4.74% | 10.01% | 5.5% | -4% | 13.57% | 10.62% | 11.24% | 18.06% |
| Net Interest Margin % | 1.41% | 1.34% | 1.38% | 1.28% | 1.17% | 1.18% | 1.25% | 1.29% | 1.42% |
| Interest Income | 26.9B | 33.02B | 41.33B | 34.88B | 28.14B | 40.77B | 86.99B | 104.95B | 103.83B |
| Interest Expense | 9.76B | 15.07B | 21.58B | 14.05B | 8.14B | 18.05B | 61.86B | 77B | 70.83B |
| Loan Loss Provision | 1.15B | 1.31B | 1.86B | 4.35B | -753M | 484M | 2.47B | 3.23B | 4.36B |
| Non-Interest Income | 22.98B | 24.56B | 26.02B | 26.27B | 29.54B | 26.06B | 26.46B | 29.54B | 33.53B |
| Non-Interest Income % | 46.07% | 42.66% | 38.63% | 42.96% | 51.2% | 38.99% | 23.32% | 21.96% | 24.41% |
| Total Revenue | 49.89B▲ 0% | 57.58B▲ 15.4% | 67.35B▲ 17.0% | 61.15B▼ 9.2% | 57.68B▼ 5.7% | 66.83B▲ 15.9% | 113.45B▲ 69.8% | 134.49B▲ 18.5% | 137.36B▲ 2.1% |
| Revenue Growth % | 8.48% | 15.43% | 16.96% | -9.21% | -5.68% | 15.86% | 69.77% | 18.54% | 2.13% |
| Non-Interest Expense | 24.3B | 25.45B | 27.99B | 28.36B | 29.66B | 28.18B | 30.94B | 34.4B | 36.52B |
| Efficiency Ratio | 48.71% | 44.19% | 41.56% | 46.38% | 51.42% | 42.17% | 27.27% | 25.58% | 26.59% |
| Operating Income | 14.67B▲ 0% | 15.76B▲ 7.4% | 15.91B▲ 1.0% | 14.39B▼ 9.6% | 20.63B▲ 43.4% | 20.11B▼ 2.5% | 18.18B▼ 9.6% | 19.86B▲ 9.2% | 25.65B▲ 29.1% |
| Operating Margin % | 29.41% | 27.37% | 23.63% | 23.53% | 35.77% | 30.09% | 16.03% | 14.77% | 18.67% |
| Operating Income Growth % | 10.32% | 7.42% | 0.98% | -9.58% | 43.38% | -2.53% | -9.58% | 9.23% | 29.15% |
| Pretax Income | 14.67B▲ 0% | 15.76B▲ 7.4% | 15.91B▲ 1.0% | 14.39B▼ 9.6% | 20.63B▲ 43.4% | 20.11B▼ 2.5% | 18.18B▼ 9.6% | 19.86B▲ 9.2% | 25.65B▲ 29.1% |
| Pretax Margin % | 29.41% | 27.37% | 23.63% | 23.53% | 35.77% | 30.09% | 16.03% | 14.77% | 18.67% |
| Income Tax | 3.2B | 3.33B | 3.04B | 2.95B | 4.58B | 4.3B | 3.57B | 3.62B | 5.28B |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 21.83% | 21.12% | 19.12% | 20.52% | 22.2% | 21.39% | 19.64% | 18.24% | 20.59% |
| Net Income | 11.43B▲ 0% | 12.4B▲ 8.5% | 12.86B▲ 3.7% | 11.43B▼ 11.1% | 16.04B▲ 40.3% | 15.79B▼ 1.5% | 14.61B▼ 7.5% | 16.23B▲ 11.1% | 20.36B▲ 25.5% |
| Net Margin % | 22.91% | 21.53% | 19.09% | 18.69% | 27.81% | 23.63% | 12.87% | 12.07% | 14.82% |
| Net Income Growth % | 9.83% | 8.51% | 3.71% | -11.1% | 40.29% | -1.52% | -7.53% | 11.13% | 25.46% |
| Net Income (Continuing) | 11.47B | 12.43B | 12.87B | 11.44B | 16.05B | 15.81B | 14.61B | 16.24B | 20.37B |
| EPS (Diluted) | 7.56▲ 0% | 8.36▲ 10.6% | 8.75▲ 4.7% | 7.82▼ 10.6% | 11.06▲ 41.4% | 11.06▲ 0.0% | 10.32▼ 6.7% | 11.23▲ 8.8% | 14.09▲ 25.5% |
| EPS Growth % | 11.5% | 10.58% | 4.67% | -10.63% | 41.43% | 0% | -6.69% | 8.82% | 25.47% |
| EPS (Basic) | 7.59 | 8.39 | 8.78 | 7.84 | 11.08 | 11.08 | 10.33 | 11.27 | 14.12 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 1.47B | 1.45B | 1.44B | 1.43B | 1.43B | 1.41B | 1.39B | 1.41B | 1.41B |
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) balance sheet — assets, liabilities & shareholders' equity
| Line item | Oct'17 | Oct'18 | Oct'19 | Oct'20 | Oct'21 | Oct'22 | Oct'23 | Oct'24 | Oct'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & Short Term Investments | 151.79B | 100.56B | 102.07B | 202.28B | 231.03B | 240.6B | 212B | 167.13B | 165.28B |
| Cash & Due from Banks | 61.07B | 66.68B | 64.66B | 157.9B | 193.48B | 180.41B | 133.07B | 122.74B | 87.39B |
| Short Term Investments | 90.72B | 33.88B | 37.41B | 44.38B | 37.54B | 60.19B | 78.93B | 44.38B | 77.89B |
| Total Investments | 729.05B | 791.88B | 852.59B | 940.71B | 978.48B | 1.19T | 1.27T | 1.41T | 1.6T |
| Investments Growth % | 0.43% | 8.62% | 7.67% | 10.33% | 4.02% | 21.25% | 7.42% | 10.7% | 13.08% |
| Long-Term Investments | 640.49B | 760.92B | 818.28B | 896.32B | 945.03B | 1.13T | 1.2T | 1.37T | 1.52T |
| Accounts Receivables | 5.68B | 6.69B | 7.43B | 6.96B | 7.25B | 8.95B | 12.07B | 12.29B | 13.37B |
| Goodwill & Intangibles | 15.48B | 15.82B | 15.91B | 16.05B | 15.32B | 18.36B | 18.5B | 27.08B | 26.81B |
| Goodwill | 10.98B | 11.14B | 11.24B | 11.3B | 10.85B | 12.28B | 12.59B | 19.29B | 19.41B |
| Intangible Assets | 4.51B | 4.69B | 4.67B | 4.75B | 4.47B | 6.08B | 5.9B | 7.8B | 7.4B |
| PP&E (Net) | 2.67B | 2.83B | 3.19B | 7.93B | 7.42B | 7.21B | 6.75B | 6.85B | 6.82B |
| Other Assets | 392.26B | 439.13B | 470.87B | 486.38B | 487.07B | 497.14B | 540.83B | 560.78B | 562.89B |
| Total Current Assets | 162.38B | 117.47B | 121.8B | 220.91B | 253.56B | 266.83B | 241.8B | 200.01B | 206.49B |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 1.05T | 1.22T | 1.31T | 1.4T | 1.45T | 1.65T | 1.76T | 1.97T | 2.12T |
| Total Assets | 1.21T▲ 0% | 1.33T▲ 10.0% | 1.43T▲ 7.1% | 1.62T▲ 13.7% | 1.71T▲ 5.0% | 1.92T▲ 12.4% | 2.01T▲ 4.7% | 2.17T▲ 8.2% | 2.33T▲ 7.1% |
| Asset Growth % | 2.76% | 10.05% | 7.06% | 13.69% | 5.03% | 12.36% | 4.66% | 8.23% | 7.07% |
| Return on Assets (ROA) | 0.96% | 0.97% | 0.93% | 0.75% | 0.96% | 0.87% | 0.74% | 0.78% | 0.91% |
| Accounts Payable | 6.01B | 8.68B | 8.34B | 9.46B | 10.51B | 17.29B | 20.58B | 22.97B | 22.93B |
| Total Debt | 371.44B | 458.81B | 498.23B | 541.5B | 567.25B | 699.12B | 774.59B | 779.52B | 834.96B |
| Net Debt | 310.37B | 392.13B | 433.57B | 383.6B | 373.76B | 518.72B | 641.51B | 656.78B | 747.57B |
| Long-Term Debt | 151.32B | 163.31B | 172.19B | 181.91B | 201.1B | 277.77B | 316.92B | 334.22B | 353.81B |
| Short-Term Debt | 220.12B | 295.5B | 325.99B | 354.24B | 361.07B | 416.25B | 452.91B | 440.63B | 476.56B |
| Other Liabilities | 151.06B | 152.29B | 169.39B | 187.22B | 168.58B | 235.65B | 236.22B | 236.59B | 268.21B |
| Total Current Liabilities | 833.87B | 936.83B | 1T | 1.16T | 1.23T | 1.29T | 1.33T | 1.46T | 1.55T |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 304.55B | 317.95B | 344.27B | 376.85B | 377.72B | 521.98B | 561.51B | 579.47B | 631.37B |
| Total Liabilities | 1.14T | 1.25T | 1.35T | 1.54T | 1.61T | 1.81T | 1.89T | 2.04T | 2.19T |
| Total Equity | 74.43B▲ 0% | 79.95B▲ 7.4% | 83.63B▲ 4.6% | 86.77B▲ 3.8% | 98.76B▲ 13.8% | 108.17B▲ 9.5% | 115.15B▲ 6.4% | 127.19B▲ 10.5% | 139.15B▲ 9.4% |
| Equity Growth % | 3.93% | 7.43% | 4.59% | 3.76% | 13.82% | 9.53% | 6.45% | 10.46% | 9.4% |
| Equity / Assets (Capital Ratio) | 6.14% | 5.99% | 5.85% | 5.34% | 5.79% | 5.64% | 5.74% | 5.86% | 5.98% |
| Return on Equity (ROE) | 15.65% | 16.06% | 15.72% | 13.42% | 17.29% | 15.26% | 13.08% | 13.39% | 15.29% |
| Book Value per Share | 50.48 | 55.12 | 58.05 | 60.73 | 69.22 | 76.94 | 82.69 | 89.97 | 98.71 |
| Tangible BV per Share | 39.98 | 44.21 | 47.00 | 49.49 | 58.48 | 63.88 | 69.41 | 70.81 | 79.69 |
| Common Stock | 17.7B | 17.62B | 17.59B | 17.63B | 17.73B | 17.32B | 19.4B | 21.01B | 20.86B |
| Additional Paid-in Capital | 17.7B | 17.62B | 17.59B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Retained Earnings | 45.36B | 51.11B | 55.98B | 59.81B | 71.8B | 78.04B | 81.72B | 88.61B | 96.94B |
| Accumulated OCI | 4.35B | 4.82B | 4.25B | 3.41B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.5B | 0 |
| Treasury Stock | -27M | -18M | -58M | -132M | -112M | -339M | -240M | -50M | -78M |
| Preferred Stock | 6.41B | 6.31B | 5.71B | 5.95B | 6.72B | 7.32B | 7.32B | 9.02B | 11.64B |
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) cash flow — operating, investing & free cash flow history
| Line item | Oct'17 | Oct'18 | Oct'19 | Oct'20 | Oct'21 | Oct'22 | Oct'23 | Oct'24 | Oct'25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operations | 37.73B | 17.47B | 14.27B | 138.82B | 61.04B | 21.94B | 26.08B | 23.14B | 55.22B |
| Operating CF Growth % | 40.47% | -53.68% | -18.36% | 873.14% | -56.03% | -64.06% | 18.85% | -11.27% | 138.64% |
| Net Income | 11.47B | 12.43B | 12.87B | 11.44B | 16.05B | 15.81B | 14.61B | 16.24B | 20.37B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 1.62B | 1.65B | 1.93B | 2.65B | 2.59B | 2.65B | 2.85B | 2.98B | 3.08B |
| Deferred Taxes | 203M | 459M | -519M | -586M | 581M | 569M | -1.02B | -1.53B | -216M |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 626M | 1.12B | 1.42B | 4.07B | -1.06B | 233M | 2.4B | 3.11B | 4.16B |
| Working Capital Changes | 23.81B | 1.81B | -1.44B | 121.25B | 42.88B | 2.68B | 7.23B | 2.34B | 27.83B |
| Cash from Investing | -15.46B | -8.02B | -11.13B | -39.56B | -57.35B | -57.05B | -28.27B | -20.89B | -68.57B |
| Purchase of Investments | -61.56B | -59.29B | -72.44B | -149.52B | -123.55B | -122.96B | -202.46B | -193.31B | -314.42B |
| Sale/Maturity of Investments | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Net Investment Activity | -61.56B | -59.29B | -72.43B | -149.52B | -123.55B | -122.96B | -202.46B | -193.31B | -314.42B |
| Acquisitions | 0 | -51M | 67M | -22M | 78M | -2.36B | 1.71B | -12.7B | 0 |
| Other Investing | -4.81B | -3.81B | -1.87B | -676M | -40.62B | -28.37B | 18.74B | 5.07B | 15.66B |
| Cash from Financing | -8.65B | -7.72B | -7.46B | -7.75B | -5.93B | -2.19B | -9.83B | -8.15B | -6.71B |
| Dividends Paid | -5.31B | -5.64B | -6.03B | -6.33B | -6.42B | -6.96B | -5.55B | -6.64B | -8.8B |
| Share Repurchases | -7.9B | -7.35B | -7.54B | -7.17B | -6.22B | -11.28B | -4.08B | -6.67B | -13.49B |
| Stock Issued | 4.74B | 5.81B | 5.63B | 4.85B | 4.85B | 5.53B | 4.24B | 6.88B | 10.77B |
| Net Stock Activity | -3.16B | -1.54B | -1.92B | -2.33B | -1.36B | -5.76B | 164M | 209M | -2.72B |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | -1000K | 0 | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K |
| Other Financing | -35M | -537M | -2M | -6M | -3M | -5M | -21M | -6M | -39M |
| Net Change in Cash | 13.48B▲ 0% | 1.8B▼ 86.6% | -3.9B▼ 316.4% | 92.58B▲ 2474.4% | -5.04B▼ 105.4% | -41.45B▼ 722.1% | -10.41B▲ 74.9% | -5.27B▲ 49.4% | -19.7B▼ 274.1% |
| Exchange Rate Effect | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Cash at Beginning | 14.93B | 28.41B | 30.21B | 26.31B | 118.89B | 113.85B | 72.4B | 61.99B | 56.72B |
| Cash at End | 28.41B | 30.21B | 26.31B | 118.89B | 113.85B | 72.4B | 61.99B | 56.72B | 37.02B |
| Interest Paid | 8.8B | 13.51B | 19.98B | 13.06B | 7.55B | 13.68B | 54.7B | 73.64B | 70.98B |
| Income Taxes Paid | 4.71B | 5.82B | 2.98B | 2.88B | 4.2B | 7.33B | 4.96B | 3.41B | 6.09B |
| Free Cash Flow | 36.36B▲ 0% | 15.49B▼ 57.4% | 12B▼ 22.5% | 136.19B▲ 1034.5% | 58.86B▼ 56.8% | 19.44B▼ 67.0% | 23.35B▲ 20.1% | 20.86B▼ 10.7% | 52.98B▲ 154.0% |
| FCF Growth % | 42.04% | -57.39% | -22.52% | 1034.54% | -56.78% | -66.97% | 20.1% | -10.66% | 153.98% |
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) financial ratios — P/E, ROE, debt and 30+ core market and balance-sheet ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on Equity (ROE) | 15.35% | 15.65% | 16.06% | 15.72% | 13.42% | 17.29% | 15.26% | 13.08% | 13.39% | 15.29% |
| Return on Assets (ROA) | 0.92% | 0.96% | 0.97% | 0.93% | 0.75% | 0.96% | 0.87% | 0.74% | 0.78% | 0.91% |
| Net Interest Margin | 1.4% | 1.41% | 1.34% | 1.38% | 1.28% | 1.17% | 1.18% | 1.25% | 1.29% | 1.42% |
| Efficiency Ratio | 50.49% | 48.71% | 44.19% | 41.56% | 46.38% | 51.42% | 42.17% | 27.27% | 25.58% | 26.59% |
| Equity / Assets | 6.07% | 6.14% | 5.99% | 5.85% | 5.34% | 5.79% | 5.64% | 5.74% | 5.86% | 5.98% |
| Book Value / Share | 47.93 | 50.48 | 55.12 | 58.05 | 60.73 | 69.22 | 76.94 | 82.69 | 89.97 | 98.71 |
| NII Growth | 11.92% | 3.68% | 4.74% | 10.01% | 5.5% | -4% | 13.57% | 10.62% | 11.24% | 18.06% |
| Dividend Payout | 48.02% | 46.46% | 45.48% | 46.85% | 55.4% | 40.03% | 44.07% | 37.99% | 40.89% | 43.22% |
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) stock FAQ — growth, dividends, profitability & financials explained
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) grew revenue by 2.1% over the past year. Growth has been modest.
Yes, Royal Bank of Canada (RY) is profitable, generating $20.36B in net income for fiscal year 2025 (14.8% net margin).
Yes, Royal Bank of Canada (RY) pays a dividend with a yield of 2.57%. This makes it attractive for income-focused investors.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) has a return on equity (ROE) of 15.3%. This is reasonable for most industries.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) has a net interest margin (NIM) of 1.4%. NIM has been under pressure due to interest rate environment.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) has an efficiency ratio of 26.6%. This is excellent, indicating strong cost control.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY) financial analysis — history, returns, DCA and operating performance tools
Analyst verdict, bull/bear case, risk factors and peer comparison
Historical returns with dividends reinvested
Dollar cost averaging vs lump sum
Yield, growth, payout safety & DRIP
EPS trends, net income & profitability
Long-term charts & historical price data
Sales growth patterns & revenue breakdown
30 years of market, efficiency and balance-sheet ratios
DCF intrinsic value, peer multiples & estimates